What are the conditions for choosing the capital? If the Republic did not choose Beijing, would Xi and Nanjing still be possible?

Beijing has always been called an ideal capital by feng shui experts. The Xishan Mountain in the west is Taihang Mountain. Dujun Mountain in the north is the Yanshan Mountains, belonging to the Kunlun Mountains. The two mountains meet at the south entrance of Beijing (the south entrance is a battleground for military strategists), forming a semi-circular mountain bay that spreads to the southeast. The Beijing Plain surrounds this mountain bay. The terrain slopes slightly from northwest to southeast. Sanggan River, Yanghe River and other rivers meet here to form Yongding River. Geographically, "Liao Tuan is in the east, Taihang is in the west, Shuomo is in the north, the army is behind, and the Central Plains is in the south." Strategies conducive to development and control.

1. Beijing City in Yuan Dynasty

It is inevitable that most of the Yuan Dynasty was sorted here when the Yuan Dynasty was established. In Yuan Dynasty, planners, astronomers, water conservancy experts Liu, Guo Shoujing and their apprentices gathered experts in geomantic planning. Feng Shui pays attention to the mountains and water where the city is located. The only drawback of the established mountains in Beijing is that there is not enough water. Then the two men led two water veins on the ground and underground to the capital. The water on the ground comes from Yuquan Spring, which is known as "the first spring in the world". The artificial spring diversion canal flows through Taiping Bridge-Ganshui Bridge-Qiao Zhou, and goes straight to Tonghui River. Because the water comes from the "golden" position of western gossip, it is named "Jinshui River". The underground water vein in Yuan Dynasty also came from Yuquan Mountain. This well is very sweet, and the water level does not change in dry season. Later, it became a sacred place dedicated to the "Longquan Well God" in the palace.

Second, Beijing City in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Judy, the prince of Ming Dynasty, chose Beijing as the capital. He not only wanted to take advantage of this geographical gas, but also wanted to abolish the residual royal gas of the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the master of geomantic omen moved the central axis of the palace eastward, making the original central axis of Dadu Palace fall westward and be in the position of "white tiger" in geomantic omen, so as to suppress the residual kingliness of the previous dynasty; Chisel off the Imperial Road Panlong Stone on the original central axis, abolish Qiao Zhou and build artificial Jingshan. In this way, the feng shui pattern of the main peak (Jingshan)-Gong Xue (Forbidden City)-Chao 'an Mountain (the "smoke mound" of Mount Tai outside Yongdingmen) has been re-formed.

The internal situation of feng shui pattern in Beijing is more detailed. In strict accordance with the layout of the stars, she became the "star capital".

In ancient China, the center of the sky was divided into three walls: Qiu, Wei Zi and Heaven and Earth. Ziwei Garden is in the center, where the Emperor of Heaven lives. The Ming emperor named this palace "Wei Zi Palace" (hence the name of the Forbidden City). At that time, the architect arranged the largest Fengtian Hall in the Forbidden City (later called the Hall of Supreme Harmony) in the center for the emperor to use. Fengtian Hall, Gaihua Hall (Zhonghe Hall) and Shenshen Hall (Baohe Hall) symbolize Tianque Sanyuan. The three royal Highnesses set up three steps to symbolize the "three episodes" of stars under the cliff of Taiwei. The above is the "front yard", which belongs to Yang. According to the mathematical theory of even yin and odd yang, there is a system of "the first three halls", "three dynasties and five doors" in the yang area, and a pattern of "six palaces and six bedrooms" in the yin area.

The "back bedroom" part is Yin's, which is arranged according to Ziwei Garden. Gan Qing, Kunning and Jiaotai are in the middle, and the East and West are in the left and right, with a total of fifteen palaces, which is equal to the number of Ziwei Constant Fifteen Stars. Between Ganqingmen and Dan Street, there are six pillars on both sides of Panlong, symbolizing the six stars in the pavilion road between Sun God and Wei Zi Palace in the sky. The meridian gate is in front, and the five towers on it are also called "Five Peaks Pagoda", which is "Yin in the Yang". The clean palace in the inner court is the emperor's bedroom, opposite to the Queen's Kunning Palace. The dry yang in the bedroom area is the "Yang in the Yin". Although both the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Palace belong to Yang, their geographical locations are different. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is supported by a three-story white marble platform, and the main hall in the front square is magnificent. In the front yard of Gan Qing Palace, the abutment is unique. The first half is the white stone Goulan Xu Mi pedestal, and the second half is the blue brick abutment, which forms a unique "harmony of Yin and Yang". Beijing has a convex plane, and the outer city is sunny, with seven doors, which is the number of less sunshine. There are nine gates in the shadow of the inner city, which is the number of Lao Yang, and there are few foreigners in them, forming slaves at home and abroad. According to the eight diagrams, Lao Yang and Laoyin can change their minds, while Shaoyang and Shaoyin remain unchanged, and they are defined as "Yang in Yin" within nine numbers. The inner city south wall belongs to Ganyang, and there are three doors, which are taken from the sky. There are two north gates, belonging to Yin Kun, which take pictures from the ground. Five doors are arranged in the center of the imperial city to take pictures of people. Heaven, earth and people are in their places. The whole city is like a microcosm of the universe. The shape and number of cities match, just like a huge array of gossip covering the world.

The buildings on the central axis of the Forbidden City: Yongdingmen-Arrow Tower-Zhengyang Gate-Duanmen-Wumen-Neijinshui Bridge-Taihe Gate-Taihe Hall-Zhonghe Hall-Baohe Hall-Gan Qing Gate-Jiaotai Palace-Kunning Palace-Kunning Gate-Tianyi. The central axis of the building is fifteen miles, which is the highest in the world and also reflects the number of Luoshu orientation constants.

In the application of color, it also fully embodies the idea of "five elements". Palace walls and columns are red, red is fire, and they are aboveboard. The roof is yellow, belonging to the earth, belonging to the middle, and the emperor must be in the middle. The roof in the east of the palace is green, which belongs to oriental wood green and spring, and is used for the residence of the prince. Tianyimen in the north of the imperial city, the wall color is black, and the water in the north is black. All single buildings have different colors because of their different attributes. The Wen Yuan Pavilion, where books are collected, uses black tiles and black walls, and black is water, which can suppress fire and is beneficial to the collection of books. In the Wen Yuan Pavilion on the second floor, the upper floor is a big room, and the lower floor is divided into six rooms, which embodies the idea that "water is born naturally, and the earth is born 60%" in the Book of Changes. There are no trees planted from Tiananmen to Duanmen, which means that the south belongs to fire.

The layout of architectural feng shui is also reflected in the fact that the name conforms to the principle of the Book of Changes. The beautiful main entrance at the southern end is in line with the divination that "the sun, the moon and the sky are all beautiful". Shuncheng Gate and Anzhen Gate are located in the northern harem, which accords with Kun's divination that "everything is born in Yuan" and "the land of Anzhen should have no boundaries". The emperor's palace and the queen's Kunning Palace are in line with the meaning of Gan and Kun. It is not suitable to add firewood to make a fire, which is not conducive to disaster prevention of forest structure.

In addition, mathematically, it is also suitable for Yi. One divination yang is nine, and the fifth one is called "Flying Dragon in Heaven". The emperor is called "the statue of the Ninth Five-Year Plan" (those who are not enthroned are called "hidden dragons"). On the central axis, the emperor's rooms are all nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, including the ninth five-year plan. Kowloon Wall, Kowloon Chair, 8 1 doornail (vertical nine, horizontal nine), five ridges on the roof, and nine animal ornaments on the eaves. The Kowloon City Wall consists of 270 blocks (including nine blocks), and the Forbidden City turret has nine beams and eighteen columns. To this end, in the thirty-five years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it was clearly stipulated that there should be no more than 95 military and civilian rooms. The Ninth Five-Year Plan was reserved for the emperor and became a rule. The total number of rooms in the Forbidden City is 9,999.5, which also means "Ninth Five-Year Plan". Even in the details of architectural decoration, there are geomantic layout, ancient palace buildings, high and low, and intrigue. In order to dissolve geomantic Sha Qi, Tai Chi method is often used (but suppression method and reflection method are rarely used). Such as sparrows between beams and columns, the colorful paintings on beams are mostly represented by S-shaped curves, which are the dividing line of Tai Chi Yin and Yang, the abstract simplification of Tai Chi image, and the commonly used method of exorcising evil spirits in Feng Shui, which conforms to the Feng Shui concept of "Qu Sheng Ji, Zhi Sheng Sha". Red is widely used in the Forbidden City. Red is the main fire and light, which accords with the meaning of "aboveboard" and the principles of Yi Li and Feng Shui.

Because successive governments have protected Beijing (Forbidden City), especially after liberation, the central government listed the Forbidden City as a national key cultural relics protection unit, making it the only ancient capital in the world that has been completely preserved for five centuries. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing was planned and built under the guidance of China's geomantic theory. From site selection and layout to detailed decoration, it contained geomantic thoughts everywhere, and it was a typical example of geomantic objects.

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In addition, Xi and Nanjing were not chosen because Beijing has the Forbidden City, which used to be the place where the emperor lived. This is the main reason.

It was decided by vote at that time, and Xi 'an lost by one vote.

It is said that they originally wanted to be in Nanjing, but because Nanjing is too far away, if there is a war, it may be the front line. So they set the capital in Beijing! Anyway, they are all ancient capitals!

Geographical location; Surrounded by mountains on three sides, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack; If the country is in civil strife, it will not be attacked on all sides.

Historical reasons: the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, with profound historical and cultural connotations;

Sima Qian said in the book < < gt >: If you want to make a profit, go to the south. If you want to rest, it's in the north.

Moreover, according to China's ancient geomantic omen, Beijing is surrounded by mountains on three sides, full of water, easy to defend but difficult to attack; If the country is in civil strife, it will not be attacked on all sides. Many dynasties in history chose Beijing as their capital. Similarly, Nanjing has the characteristics of three mountains and one water, and is often regarded as the capital.

After liberation, due to the instability in the south where Nanjing is located, the * * * production party urgently needs to establish a stable capital to show its founding, and at this time Beijing is the most qualified city in the north. As Xi 'an, it is already a declining capital, and all aspects of the environment can no longer be revived. So Beijing later became the capital.

For other cities, Luoyang is weak if it has no history of becoming the capital or has declined. From people's minds, it is easier to accept that Beijing is the capital.

Beijing has been the capital of China since the Ming Dynasty. This tradition was left by Judy. Emperor Yongle was a good emperor, because the war in the north was serious at that time, and Mongolia was next to him. Therefore, "the son of heaven protects the country" has played a very important role in the political stability, stability and unity of the north.

After the construction of Ming and Qing dynasties, Beijing has reached a considerable scale. However, because its ruling center is in the south, and the economy in the south is more developed than that in the north, the National Government designated Nanjing as the capital. However, some people say that there is no "king" in Nanjing, and the dynasties with Nanjing as their capital did not last long. Chiang Kai-shek also proved this legend. Hmm. How interesting ...

1949, with the victory of the war of liberation, the PLA entered Beiping City at that time, and the Central Military Commission also entered Beiping City.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/949, the China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping. At that time, there were many proposals for the capital:

1, Yanan. The reason is that Yan 'an is the old base of our party.

2. Harbin. This is one of the larger cities that we liberated, and its industrial base is not bad. Li and other Democrats have lived in Harbin since they first arrived in the liberated areas. But also closely related to the Soviet Union at that time.

3.Xi 'an. The ancient capital has its own characteristics.

4.nanjing. This is a question of political image, which has not been recognized by most people for security reasons.

5. Beiping. This is the opinion of most people. Moreover, it was quickly approved by most delegates. So, I decided to make Beijing my capital and change my name to Beijing!