What is the fairy tale between Fu Lushou and Samsung?

Fu Lushou is an auspicious culture in China.

In feudal society, people of different classes and status have different understandings of "happiness": for farmers, owning their own land, planting in spring and harvesting in autumn, good weather and adequate food and clothing are blessings; Ordinary people suffer from tyranny, war or famine all the year round, and it is a blessing to have a stable family and survive; Businessmen often count gold as two thousand, and the prosperity of financial resources is three rivers. The "blessing" of a bachelor of letters is different. Ten years of hardship, "being the first" is the greatest "blessing"; The elderly regard health and longevity, children and grandchildren as their greatest "blessing". With the development of social civilization and the enrichment of folk culture, the content of happiness is becoming more and more abundant. As the main content of auspicious culture, blessing embodies people's ideals and aspirations from many angles and levels, and the concept of blessing is subtly integrated into various folk activities and worship of gods.

The ancients' understanding of happiness is realistic and dialectical. Laozi said, "misfortune comes from the mouth, and happiness comes from disaster." In other words, one factor often lurks another opposite factor, and both good and bad can be transformed. Laozi further elaborated in "Tai Shang Induction": "There is no door to misfortune and happiness, only people call." It is believed that misfortune and happiness are unpredictable, but they can be transformed and maintained through human efforts, so as to strive for a happy ending.

In auspicious patterns, the basic graphic symbols of happiness can be divided into two categories: one is the gods worshipped by folk gods, such as Tianguan and Samsung; The other kind is auspicious symbols and figures, such as bats, bergamot, moire and so on.

Lu xing's position

Wenchang and Luxing have six stars, among which Lu Xing, the minister, is called "the scholar of Lu Si" in the book Life in the Spring, Autumn and Yuan Dynasties, which is the name of the master.

The Origin and Transformation of Luxing

1. wenchang star's chief official Lu.

Road stars also evolved from stars. It is located in front of the Big Dipper and always rises with it. Sima Qian's Historical Records Official History records that the six stars in front of the Big Dipper are collectively called Wenchang Palace, and the last one in it is Lu Xing, who is in charge of official positions. In the Northern Song Dynasty, wenchang star gradually became synonymous with Lu Xing.

2. Influenced by the imperial examination system.

After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the rise of the imperial examination system made the surname Lu popular. The imperial examination gave ordinary people the first chance to become officials through reading, thus changing their own destiny. However, this is a narrow road. If you think but can't, you will naturally seek the help of the gods, so the Lu Xing in Wenchang Palace is particularly bright. In the Northern Song Dynasty, wenchang star gradually became synonymous with Lu Xing.

Wenchang Temple in Qiqushan, Zitong County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province is the oldest existing Wenchang Temple and the ancestral home of all Wenchang temples in the world. In the Wenchang Temple in Qiqu Mountain, each cast iron statue cast in the Song Dynasty amounted to 12000 Jin. Perhaps it is because the idol is too heavy to be destroyed, and it has been preserved to this day after thousands of years of wars, so we are lucky enough to see the true face of wenchang star thousands of years ago.

The image of wenchang star in the Song Dynasty was that of a court official. Several shop assistants and footmen stood around, setting off his noble and extraordinary status. The temple is the best, and the moon has won the laurel. All kinds of auspicious patterns can be seen everywhere, creating a beautiful artistic conception in to beno. 1, which is the wish place of literati in past dynasties, and wenchang star is their lucky star.

The Ming dynasty became a fairy.

In the Ming Dynasty, Lu Xing was given a brand-new role-sending the gods. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the lyrics of "Lu Xing holding his son down to earth" began to appear. It seems that as early as four or five hundred years ago, Lu Xing had already become an immortal and sent his son. Some functions of this pine nut are unknown. In folk stories, Lu Xing is called pine nut and the fairy is called Zhang. According to "Fairy Mirror of Past Dynasties", this Zhang Xian was a Taoist priest in the Five Dynasties named Zhang Yuanxiao. He cultivated immortals in Qingcheng Mountain, a famous Taoist mountain in Bashu, and was good at slingshot stunts. His target is the monsters that make trouble in the world. From the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, he was very famous in Bashu area.

The story of Zhang Xi 'an seeing off his son was recorded in the notes of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty. In one of his poems, Zhang Xianzan, Su Xun recorded that his two sons, Su Dongpo and Su Zhe, were sent by Zhang Xian in his dream. Two brothers, Su Dongpo and Su Zhe, took part in the imperial examination in the same year. Both of them were top students in the same examination room, which caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition circles. Zhang Xian is also famous.

Lu Xing descended from an ordinary star to the world, evolved into the imperial examination god worshipped by literati, transformed into Zhang Xian who sent his son, and finally became an indispensable bright star among the three stars of Fu Lushou.

Fu xing zhi si

Fuxing tianguan should take happiness as his own responsibility. The "Three Officials Lamp Instrument" said, "Shidu Yuanyang, Wei Zi Palace Master, Great Sage of Nature, Blessing Heaven Officials, Controlling Heaven, Serving Ghosts and Gods, and Protecting Heaven's Life."

The origin and change of revival

1. This is Jupiter in charge of agriculture.

Jupiter is one of the nine planets in the solar system. The ancients called them old stars and lucky stars. Jupiter was recorded in the silk book "Five Stars" unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb more than two thousand years ago.

Through observation, the ancients found that during the 12 year cycle of Jupiter's activity, the climate also changed periodically, because Jupiter and the sun have similar periodic laws. In Historical Records, Hanshu and other historical books, it is clearly recorded that Sui Xing is a star official in charge of agriculture and has a lofty position. According to Records of Historical Records in Guan Shu, during the Qin and Han Dynasties more than 2,000 years ago, there was a temple specially built by the government to worship the birthday girl, and this ritual system continued until the late Qing Dynasty.

It used to look like a monster.

The oldest existing portrait of a star official is called "Five Stars and Twenty-eight Masters", which was painted 1300 years ago during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. The picture depicts the images of gold, wood, water, fire, earth and 28 stars and gods. Fuxing, ranked first among the stars, has the appearance of a monster: his head is like a tiger, his eyes are wide open, he sits cross-legged, he is dressed in a simple gown and looks like a scholar. His vehicle is actually a huge wild boar. Liang Lingzan, the author of this portrait, is a famous figure in the history of ancient astronomy and technology in China. He was a famous astronomical instrument manufacturer and an outstanding figure painter in the middle Tang Dynasty. He must have shaped the image of a star official recognized by most people at that time.

Fuxing became an upright official in Tang Dynasty.

The transformation of revival began in the Tang Dynasty. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty records the true story of an honest official. A Tang Dynasty official named Yangcheng later became one of the incarnations of revival.

In the Tang Dynasty, Daozhou needed to send short people into the palace every year as tributes and eunuchs, but Daozhou didn't have so many short people. Previous Daozhou secretariat often put good children in clay pots, only showing their heads and providing food by special personnel. Through this cruel means, the deformed dwarves were asked to pay tribute to meet the absurd needs of the emperor. After serving as the secretariat of Daozhou, Yangcheng risked his life to write a letter to the emperor of the dynasty and refused to pay tribute, so that the local people could avoid disaster. This true story was later written by the great poet Bai Juyi as the poem Dao Zhou Min. As a result, the locals began to worship Yangcheng as a lucky star.

After Yuan Dynasty, Fuxing became a gentle elder.

500 years later, in the Taoist book "The Three Religions Searching for the Source" in the Yuan Dynasty, this lucky star Yangcheng is a gentle old man image, which is very close to the present lucky star's appearance: the heaven is perfect, the place is Fiona Fang, and the image of great wealth and wealth. The revival has not changed much since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

"Fu" culture

"Fu" means happiness and blessing. Throughout the ages, there are different opinions about the connotation of "happiness". There is a saying in the Book of Rites: "Those who are blessed are also called shun." In other words, "happiness" means smooth sailing and all the best. Shang Shu Hong Fan said: "Five Blessingg: First, longevity, second, wealth, third, corning, fourth, virtue and fifth." "Five Blessingg" is a multi-faceted view of happiness, which aims at lifelong happiness, emphasizes longevity, wealth, well-being and virtue, and thinks that such a life is perfect. Han Feizi said: "Long life is a blessing." This is the concept of longevity and wealth. Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, expressed his views on Fu De in his poem Du Xianghong, a political teacher on Kidd Chen Qing: "If you work hard for your country and return to your hometown, you will live a long and healthy life." It can be seen that he believes that the core of Five Blessingg is longevity and health. The popular "Five Blessingg Shou Shou" in Ming and Qing Dynasties is characterized by five bats flying around the word "Shou", which highlights Five Blessingg's concept of longevity as the center.

Shouxing office

The longevity star, the Antarctic old man star, is called "being the master of life should prolong life" in the history books.

The Origin and Change of Longevity

1. This is a star.

The birthday girl refers to Jiao and Kang on the 28th floor. Erya Shi Tian said, "Shouxing, Jiaokang is also." "Historical Records" notes: "The longevity star covers the Antarctic old man star, and when you see it, the world is safe, so you pray for it in the temple." Since the Zhou and Qin dynasties, there have been activities to worship the birthday girl. According to Sima Qian's Records of the Historian and official records, when the Qin Dynasty unified the world, it began to build the manjuji in Xianyang, the capital, to worship the birthday boy. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the sacrifice to the longevity was included in the national sacrifice code by successive dynasties, and was abolished in the Ming Dynasty. The official position of the birthday girl was originally the life of the country, that is, the life of the country, and was later regarded as the god of longevity by the world.

2. Evolution of Longevity Rattan

Every time the birthday boy appears in people's field of vision, he will hold a cane in his hand. In fact, the crutches in the hands of the birthday girl have experienced the evolution from the privilege symbol of getting rid of illness and keeping fit. According to the Book of Rites of Han Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Hanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he presided over a ceremony to worship the birthday girl and arranged a special banquet. All the participants are old people, and all the nobles and civilians are eligible to be the guests of Emperor Han Ming as long as they are over 70 years old. After the banquet, the emperor also presented Gu Mi with wine and meat and a beautifully made walking stick.

Emperor Han Ming also gave privileges to the elderly, as evidenced by the scepter issued at the banquet. The king's staff, also known as the pigeon's staff, is named after the statue of turtledove bird on the top of the staff. 1958, two such pigeons were unearthed in the tomb of the Han Dynasty. The wooden stick at the lower part of the pigeon had long been carbonized, while the statue of turtledove at the head was still as bright as new after more than 1800 years because of the protection of paint film.

198 1 year, a number of Han bamboo slips were discovered in Wuwei, Gansu province, which recorded a number of criminal cases. The first one is about Wang Xingren, a civilian in Runan, who beat an old man with a stick and was later beheaded and abandoned his body in a downtown area. The second pile is about grass-roots officials at the township level in the Han Dynasty. Because an old man with a staff member is suspected of breaking the law and detaining the old man without authorization. Although he didn't hit anyone, he was sentenced to death and beheaded. In 32 BC, the imperial edict issued by Emperor Han Chengdi stipulated that elderly couples without children to support them could be allowed to run alcohol business, and all of them were tax-free.

However, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the walking stick of the birthday boy changed, and the king's turtledove walking stick was replaced by a mahogany walking stick, and its political and educational function gradually weakened. It is said that peach wood can get rid of diseases, strengthen the body and prolong life. The scepter, once a symbol of privilege, has now become a longevity mascot for the birthday boy to get rid of illness and strengthen his body. The Ming government ordered the cancellation of the national system of offering sacrifices to the birthday girl since Qin and Han Dynasties. The birthday girl completely lost her political color and strode into the folk world, becoming the most secular fairy in ancient China.

3. the door of the birthday girl's brain

Later, due to the Taoist concept of health preservation, the image of the immortal star has also changed, the most prominent of which is his huge forehead. The longevity in the murals of Yongle Palace in Shanxi Province may be the oldest image of the longevity. Among thousands of immortals in Yongle Palace, we can recognize him at a glance because he has a super brain.

The forehead of the birthday girl is closely related to the image of longevity shaped by ancient health preservation. For example, the red-crowned crane's head bulges high, and another example is that Shoutao is a special longevity fairy fruit presented by the queen mother at the flat peach party. Legend has it that it blooms in 3000 years, bears fruit in 3000 years, and becomes immortal immediately after eating it. Perhaps it is precisely because of the fusion and superposition of these longevity images that the forehead of the birthday girl is finally created.

There is a Shouxing Street in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is named after a large-scale Shouxing Temple. According to local records, Shouxing Temple was built here as early as the Tang Dynasty and lasted until the Republic of China. From this, you can reach the real longevity land-Mount Hengshan in Nanyue, which is often called Nanshan in couplets, more than 0/00 miles south. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were no fewer than 10 manjuji built on the mountain, and Mo Bao, a famous person of all ages, was left on the mountainside stone wall, the most famous of which was said to have been written by Song Huizong.

Blessing longevity culture

"Longevity" means longevity, longevity. "Longevity" and "blessing" complement each other, and longevity is a great blessing. Common folk decorative themes, such as "Fu Shou Shuang Quan" and "Five Blessingg Shou Shou", show that "Shou" is an auspicious character that can be compared with "Fu". It was said in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties that longevity comes first in Five Blessingg. There are many words similar to longevity in bronze inscriptions, such as "Mao", "filial piety" and "Kao". Deeply influenced by Taoism, there has always been the concept of "Five Blessingg cherishes longevity". People expect to live a long life, cherish life and pay attention to the world. Taoism believes that people are everywhere and is not very particular about the "afterlife". Based on such a secular point of view, China people's pursuit of longevity has never wavered, and the concept of praying for longevity runs through all aspects of traditional culture.

Legendary immortals are immortal, so seeking immortals has become an important part of the culture of praying for longevity. It is believed that the Antarctic old man star in the sky dominates the life of the country and the longevity of the people. Since the Zhou dynasty, there have been grand activities to sacrifice longevity stars. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the idea of "Huang Lao" led to the prevalence of the concept of immortals, and people hoped to cultivate immortality. Living a comfortable life, it is difficult for a fairy with a long life to reach. Under the influence of Taoism, people are trying to find a panacea for immortality. Qin Shihuang, a brilliant man, once sent the alchemist Xu Fu and 500 boys and girls to the East China Sea to look for fairy mountain, asking the immortal for the elixir of life. Themes such as "Happiness as the East China Sea, Longevity as the South Mountain" and "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" all have the meaning of praying for immortality. On the other hand, influenced by Confucianism, there is a folk saying that "loyalty and filial piety become gods and filial piety becomes immortals". For ordinary people, it seems more practical to pray for longevity in folk activities. Birthday is the most common birthday celebration, and there are many decorative themes around birthdays, such as "Happy Birthday", "Birthday in Five Blessingg", "Happy Birthday" and "Longevity". "Shouzi" also has many decorative changes. The long one is called "Longevity" and the round one is called "Tuanshou". There are also multi-character ideographic patterns, such as "Hundred Days Map", which consists of 100 birthday characters with different shapes. These longevity characters are also widely used in daily furniture, buildings and utensils, reflecting the good wishes of China people to protect themselves with the word "longevity" and pursue health and longevity.