Jizhou culture

Jizhou's domineering spirit has not been fully captured, and the water is rushing to the far floor.

The ground is dark and purple, and the weather is cold and floating.

Qian Qian is the predecessor of Sang Yuzhe, and this is the state of eternal love.

When the secretariat began to ask the guests, it was known that good sentences would be left behind.

-Shi Mingjiu: "The Ancient Buddha Pavilion and Shicheng"

(A) Jizhou scenery

According to the historical records of the Sui Dynasty, the people of Jizhou are "loyal and honest, farming and mulberry". "Fan Ju" said, "Jizhou is fat but unfamiliar, and men are hardworking and women are diligent in farming and weaving." It shows that the development history of aquaculture is long. According to historical records, the new capital of Jizhou is flat and fertile, and the aquaculture industry is very developed in history. For example, Jizhou Xindu has a long history of planting cotton. Cotton was "planted in southern Africa" and was introduced to China from the Tang Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cotton growers in Shenzhen and Hebei accounted for almost 80% of farmers, and they also mastered the farming technology of "harvesting at one year", so they were called "cotton sea in southern Hebei". The forestry of Jizhou Xindu is dominated by poplar, willow and elm. Most fruit trees are apples, pears, apricots and dates. It is said that the jujube in Xindu, Jizhou is as big as a pear, with purple fine lines, small core and sweet taste. The quality of jujube is very famous in history. "Old Records" contains: Zhoucheng is thirty miles southwest, with many dates, hence the name "jujube hill" (now Zaoyuan Village). Because the jujube in Xindu is of good quality, it is often presented to the emperor as a tribute. Zuo Taichong's Du Wei Fu in Jin Dynasty once called the day of the new capital "Imperial Day". According to legend, in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Zhong Si, an immortal, once believed in the day of the capital, so it was called "the day of Zhong Si". In the early years of Yang Di's great cause, "Zhongsizao" was once presented as a tribute to Yang Guang.

Jizhou Xindu governs canals, with convenient land and water transportation and developed commerce. According to "Old Records", in the late Wei Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was the center of recruiting, collecting grain and moving people. Jizhou Xindu not only has eight shops, such as Fushuidian, Zengjiazhuang, Lucun and Tulukou, which lead to Nangong, Zaoqiang and Shenzhou respectively, but also has four relatively prosperous Baozi cities where business travelers gather. "Old Records" said that "four people moved from insurance to economic aid, and living in business was better than Zhou". These four big fortress villages with business trips are: today's Tamura, han cun, Xiejiazhuang and Lee Wharf. Wharf Li "Yin wants to rush to Jiaochong, Tianjin in the north, up and down in the south, and is lost by its commission. The west gate of Qiaozhai is connected with the northwest. Is there a gap in the folk trade between Shenzhen, Zhao, Shulu and Ningjin counties? Goods travel far, from Yuanshi County to Huolu Mountain, and from the west to Taiyuan. Land and water meet in four directions. The number is Pier Li Zhen. " Others are today's Zhang Huai Village, two towns of Zhanghua in Yuan Dynasty, with Nanhe in the south and Tianjinwei in the north, which was once prosperous. Nguan Village is an ancient traffic artery. During the Qin Dynasty, traffic checkpoints were set up here to manage trade. "Historical Records" says: "Those who are kind to customs, those who believe in ancient times, are lighter than the ground, and are between Yan and Qi. So far, they think their hometown is famous. " In the capital of Jizhou, many villages developed from commerce and trade, such as Zhongdian, Dongdian and Xi 'an. These hotels were opened on the banks of the river in the Han Dynasty and developed into villages because of the prosperity of commerce. Many villages, such as Qian Dian Yangcun, Fushuidian and Cangtou, were also developed into villages because they were located along the main waterways at that time, with developed commerce and prosperous population.

Since Buddhism was introduced into China, it has been closely related to the ancient culture of China. Buddhism was advocated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and temples were built in Daxing. Jizhou was regarded as the political, cultural and economic center in the Northern Wei Dynasty. There are many temples in China. According to historical records, there is Taining Temple built by Zhao Kuangyin in Song Taizu in the east, Kaiyuan Temple in Sui Dynasty in the west, nanzenji in the south, Qikulin Temple with beautiful scenery of "Sunset Red in Wei Zi" in the north, and Song Huizong ink is left in the main road temples in the city. Guandi Temple, built in Ming Dynasty, is located in Jiazhuang, north of China, covering an area of more than 40 mu. There are two temple fairs in February and October every year, and people from Fiona Fang 100 go there one after another. It's quite large. There are Yina Temple in Miaoshang Village, Shi Fo Temple in Beichuyi Village, Yudi Temple in Shuangmiao Village, Xianmiao Temple in Sanmiao Village and Grandma Temple in Damiaozhou Village. Crowds are bustling, tourists are pouring in, and business transactions centered on temples are quite lively and prosperous. Many places, so gradually formed a market town.

There are many famous cultural sites in Xindu, Jizhou. For example, there was a "Yangzhengtang" in Lu in Song Dynasty, which was recorded by Huang Tingjian, a famous scholar in Song Dynasty. The summer house he built is located in the west of Texas. According to the Ming Dynasty's "Great Unity Records", "Yuan Shao of Han Dynasty was the secretariat of Jizhou, and Liu Song Town was recorded here. Yuan Shao drinks in midsummer to avoid the temporary heat, so he has summer drinks in Heshuo. " According to this historical legend, Lu Youkai was named "Summer Palace".

Dadaoan is located in the north of Zhouzhi, which was built in Ningshi of Song Dynasty, and Huizong once left ink here.

Baihualou, located in the northeast of Zhouzhi, was built in Song Dynasty. "Old Records" said, "The building is more than 100 feet high, the bell and drum are leaking, and the walls are painted with flowers." General Ming Zhengdong's poem on Baihua Building sighed:

The tomb of the Prince of Zhao contains light smoke, and the leaves on the edge of Yuan Shaocheng are sparse.

Thousands of miles off the mountain is not the old country, and the Baihua Pavilion is a waste market.

Bajiaojing, built in the Song Dynasty, is said to be clear and dry all the year round, with a depth of two feet and a diameter of nine feet and five inches.

Zhang, a hermit in Ming Dynasty, built the "Xuan" and ruled the East in Zhou Dynasty. In front of the porch, there are mountains of stones and flowers and trees.

The pastoral poem Xuan Yun in Ming Dynasty;

Wei Zishan is a thatched cottage with deep alleys.

Avoid the world, cultivate new acres, and pass on old poems and books.

A few inkstones and flowers in the red ladle were inadvertently swept away, but the grass in the court was not removed.

There is nothing like water in the world. Whose joy is this?

Ke Qian's poem "Ode to Yin Qingxuan" says:

Maozhou is close to Wei Zifeng, and the roads are covered with green trees and moss.

Only the bright moon can come to the flower garden, and Chai Men Changqian seals the white clouds.

The visionary Tao Hongjing, I don't learn from the crazy Ruan Sizong.

It is said that Xun Lianglin was a satrap, and there were five horses visiting people.

Unfortunately, these cultural sites were completely destroyed in the war. The existing cultural sites include the tomb of Zhang Er, the king of Han and Zhao Dynasties, which is said to be a double tomb more than ten miles south of the city. "Zhou Shu" contains, "Qiyang Xian Di is the great ancestor, and it is no different from the capital's expedition to the south to worship in Zhang Er." According to the geographical location mentioned in the article, it is inferred that the tomb of Shuangzhong may be the tomb of Zhang Er, the king of Han and Zhao dynasties. It has been included in the key cultural relics protection units at the county level. Zhang Er Temple and a stone tablet engraved with "Tomb of Zhang Er, King of the Han Dynasty" are also beside the south gate of Zhoucheng.

Ming Jinshi Zhai Rujian has a poem entitled "The Tomb of Zhang Er", which says:

When the sword rises, Longlin climbs again.

The emperor intends to face the Weihe River and seal the land into Hengshan Mountain.

Outside the empty trench, between the ancient tombs.

There are more grass and fewer trees, and birds are autistic.

In Qing Dynasty, Zhao Gao, the magistrate of Zaoqiang County, wrote Poems of Zhang Er Ancestral Temple.

Celebrities have a clear conscience, but their friendship is too sparse.

Where's the giant deer?

The throne is red and the flag is purple, which is very comfortable.

Who pities the water and whimpers at Chen Yu!

Old Records contains a mound in Jizhou. According to investigation and analysis, most of them belong to ancient tombs of Han Dynasty. There is Zhangjia Guzhong Village in Qili, north of the city, and there are two tombs in Guzhong Village. There is a temple of athel loren in the south cemetery and a small temple in the north cemetery. Buried soil was hit by heavy rain, and a brick tomb was found. The scale is magnificent, or the cloud is the tomb of the king of Han Dynasty, which is unfathomable and no one dares to enter, so it is blocked with soil. The South Tomb and the North Tomb are today's front and back tombs. Silver jade clothes and ironware were unearthed in Qian Tomb and Sun Tomb in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Now Hou Zhong's tomb has been listed as a provincial key protected cultural relic.

According to legend, when Yuan Shao was sitting in Jizhou, there was a fairy named Li Sanniang in Jizhou. She uses this stone mill to grind noodles in Haizi outside the city every two days. Every day, taking advantage of the night, riding a god cow to send flour to the people. The grinding diameter is four feet eight inches, six feet eight inches a week and one foot four inches thick.

Jizhou attracted many poets and scholars with its unique style, and left wonderful and magnificent poems for it. In the Han Dynasty, he wrote Jizhou Fu and Jizhou landscape pastoral poems. Bai Juyi, Cui Kun and Gao Shi, great poets in Tang Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang and Su Shi in Song Dynasty and Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty all wrote immortal poems about ancient Jizhou with their wonderful works.

(B) Academic and style of study

The history of Sui Dynasty called Jizhou a "good Confucian". "Old Records" said that Jizhou residents are "diligent and hard-working" and "all children send teachers and study, regardless of wealth." Jin Wei's arrogant mother Song lives in Jizhou. When she was a child, she read a lot of books with her father and learned a lot. Later, Wei Wei was appointed as the Imperial College of Fu Jian in the former Qin Dynasty. Due to the lack of Dr. Rite and Music at that time, court officials asked Wei Musong, who was in his eighties, to set up a lecture hall at home to recruit more than 100 students to teach through sheets. Kong Du of Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty once gave lectures in his hometown, which had a great influence on that time and later generations. "Ji's surname is an ancient famous country. If you are good at learning, you will be an official, and you will be crowned in other places." The history of running schools in Jizhou was lost before the Song Dynasty. The state degree in the Song Dynasty was located in the southwest of the city, and was later destroyed by the war. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty, Zhou School was founded in Zhoucheng Confucian Temple. Zhang Yi, a Ph.D. student in this department, wrote "Jizhou Sexology Monument". The Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties all attached great importance to running schools and establishing schools. According to Fan Zhi, in the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Prince Zhang Chuang set up a statecraft school, and in the fourth year of Wanli, Zhao Gao began to set up an academy. The hospital is located in the west of Mashen Temple in the city. During the four years of Qing Dynasty, it is well known that Yang Qian began to build Xindu Academy. At that time, Zhejiang Xiaolian Hancheng Festival was hired as a teacher. For those who study in the academy, "five people strive for the top, and six people choose Qin from the boys" (people who eat Qin are equivalent to students who enjoy free treatment, and those who choose Qin refer to students who can enter the school). In the eighth year of Guangxu, when Wu Rulun was the magistrate, Wang Shunan and He Tao were invited from Xincheng as teachers to choose disciples to study in five counties of one state. "There are dozens of people who have been on the A-B list for several years" (taking a scholar as a teacher, a scholar in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as a teacher, and a juren as a teacher). "Zhou ren, Li (that is, six products) and so on. Especially poetry, ancient prose and ci are famous all over the world, and critics are the most talented people in the academy. " Li once talked about Jizhou Overseas Chinese Academy, which had been in Guangxu for 20 years. Zhang Cunyi, a native of Zhuangtou Village, Xiye, founded Fuyang Academy in this village, gave lectures for the fifth time, trained many talents, and was awarded the title by Wu Keming. In the eighth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, he began to run sociology in villages and communities. The Qing dynasty stipulated that large towns and villages should run social studies and take students as teachers. Anyone who is close to the countryside, 12 years old and under 20 years old, who is interested in learning literature, can be admitted. In addition to sociology, there are many voluntary schools run by private donations, such as Betty Village, Wujiazhai Village, West Wu Cun and South Inner Zhang Cun, Nanzhanghuai Village and Wudong Village in Qing Dynasty. According to Old Records, the three schools (state, society and justice) were separated at that time, and the style of study was very prosperous. Here, we use two sentences in Zhao Gao's poem "Setting up a Compulsory School" in Jizhou, "Righteousness is more important than what people are familiar with today, and the sound of reading in the forest is full" to illustrate this ancient Jizhou with a long cultural tradition and advocate the atmosphere of learning and learning. 1940 After the Opium War, we organized "Westernization" and "Popularization of Western Learning", so in the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Xindu Academy was changed into a middle school (five counties were jointly built and returned to the province directly under the central government), which was the 14th middle school in Zhili Province. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), a county-level teacher workshop was established. In the second year of the Republic of China, the county established a senior primary school. From the end of Guangxu to the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, there were 452 townships in Jixian County running 32 1 primary schools.

(3) human situation

"Old Records" says: "Famous officials and scholars are all from the state, and they are all in biographies." "Heroes are quite beautiful, such as Kong Chao's father and Zhao Juan. There are more people passed down from generation to generation, and they are passed down from generation to generation. " Believers in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tong Pi and Herry Liu, helped Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, defeat Wang Lang and pacify the world. After Tong Pi named Liu Zhiguan as the tomb guard, he was named Chang Chenghou.

During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Feng family in Changle was a "noble family" in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were 100 or 200 people living in the imperial court, among whom Feng Ba and Hong Feng were the monarchs of Beiyan. Feng Taihou of the Northern Wei Dynasty came to power many times and helped Emperor Xiaowen to carry out the famous "Emperor Xiaowen's Reform" in history, which played a positive role in the social development at that time. Others such as Feng, Feng Zicong, Fu, Feng Ciming, Feng Yuanchang,,, etc. , are officials of the high Lu Hou, prominent position, through marriage and the power of Xianbei nobles closely combined, a time of fame.

In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius' father, Kong Chao, one of the "Six Replies of Zhu Xi" with Sun Tong and Li Bai as friends in the thirty-seventh generation, and Han Yu's friends (the history of the Ministry of Industry), Kong (the history of the Ministry of Industry) and Kong Wei (the history of the official department) were all believers. They are famous for their literary talents and achievements.

Astronomer in Sui Dynasty, Buddhist monk Shi in Jin Dynasty, Cheng Yi and Cheng Xiuji in Tang Dynasty (both disciples of great painters), famous young minister Yin Shao, post-Wei, Tian Kuang, Lu Zhongxian, Lu Duo and Zhang Cun (Sima Guang's, etc.). Hanshu called Jizhou a generous man, and History of Song called Jizhou a brave man with a strong heart. Ma Su and Jing Hanru in the Five Dynasties, Zhang, Fu Sirang and Geng Quanbin in the Northern Song Dynasty were all famous soldiers who fought against foreign aggression and made great achievements. In the chaotic years of Ji's field war, many martial arts heroes emerged in Xindu. For example, Song Mailun, who created Huang San in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yin Fu and Liang Zhenpu, the famous disciples of Dong Haichuan, the originator of Bagua Palm, and Lei Sanqun, who are comparable to Swallow Li San, are legends, and they maintain and carry forward Zhao Yan's generous legacy.

According to some historical records of the Qing Dynasty, due to the "narrow pass" in Jizhou, the land was not enough to support, but there were many businesses. Its human beings can go far away to other counties and cities to seek wealth, from the capital and provinces to the north to the frontier. Rich businessmen and tycoons often rely more on the horizontal people, earning a lot of money and nourishing the countryside. "For example, Wang Ruhong, a native of Huangcun in the late Qing Dynasty" set up a large camp, including Beijing, Tianjin and Zhangjiakou. Another Jia family (Jia Weishan and Jia Diansan) did business in Xinji, Nangong, Levin, Jinan and Tianjin. "。 They have extensive business contacts. What is worth mentioning is the ancient book industry run by Xindu people, whose footprints are all over the major cities in the north. For example, the Cultural Street in Liulichang, Beijing, the Wenyou Hall opened by the Wei Zhanliang brothers, the Text Hall opened by Tan Xiqing, and the Hongjing Hall opened during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. In their management, they not only made great contributions to the preservation of the cultural heritage of the motherland, but also trained many bibliographers and workers who sorted out ancient books, such as Sun Dianqi.

There are countless foreign celebrities who have worked in Jizhou and made great achievements in history. For example, Zhang Chang, "Zhao Haoqi thrush" in the Han Dynasty, Su Zhang's "Second Day" performance of clean government, Jia Dunyi, Jizhou secretariat known as "Dangjiao Secretariat" in the Tang Dynasty, and the letter "Heshuo Sanling" in the Song Dynasty all made Li Chong. There are also Hong, known as "Jizhou prodigy", Yuan Haowen of Yuan Dynasty, Li appreciated by Su Shi, Liu Yanshi, who is friends with Li He and Meng Jiao (his poems are known as "self-satisfied, unparalleled in the world"), Zhang Xin, a servant of Ming Dynasty who is good at writing regular script, and a scholar of Tongcheng School in the late Qing Dynasty, who is called "four disciples of Zengmen", and so on.

Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Weichi Gong, Luo Cheng, a famous Tang Dynasty star, and Liu Yong, a famous figure in history books, all left many touching legends on the land of Jizhou's new capital.

According to "Old Records", "The husband and the land should be at the turn of the Northern Dynasties and the Five Dynasties, and the soldiers should seek danger in vain." In fact, it was not only the Northern Dynasties and Five Dynasties, but also several major wars in the history of our country, almost all of which involved here. On the Lantern Festival, Wang Lang, the ancient capital, went to Jizhou in the first year of Han Dynasty to start a new stove, and Wang Lang was attacked by light weapons. The disputes between the Three Kingdoms in the Eastern Han Dynasty were more frequent in the Sixteen Countries in the Jin Dynasty. Shi Siming, the culprit of the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, was trapped in Jizhou for fifteen years. Since the Song Dynasty, the Khitan and other foreign forces have continuously invaded and occupied Jizhou several times. The Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty attacked the Central Plains, and Rebecca in the Ming Dynasty swept across the north, all of which caused the people here to suffer serious disasters and wars, and their lives were destroyed several times.

Successive peasant insurgents have also ignited a prairie fire in the resistance struggle here. The Red Eyebrow Uprising of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow Scarf Uprising of Emperor Han Ling, the Multiplication Uprising of Jung and Daoist People's Congress in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Uprising of Liu Heita, Liu Liu and Liu Qi in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Rebels led by Liu Fangliang, a famous Li Zicheng star in the Ming Dynasty all sang magnificent battle songs in Jizhou Xindu.

Zhu Yifei, the envoy of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Jizhou Nostalgia":

Hengshan went south to help the cragginess, and her field work continued.

He Liu Zeng Zhong Tuoba, Zhu San still fears Shatuo.

The eagle mourns the autumn grass, and the horse crosses the ice at night.

If you don't praise others, you will listen to jujube songs when you are clear.

The sunset abandoned several villages, so the old news was discussed in detail again.

From the yellow turban insurrectionary to the stag, there are white bones in the plain.

The cultivators went to the air to spread the news to Hebei, and Xia Ting said Yuan sadly.

Su Zhang's legacy is unique. He was not allowed to wear private clothes for two days.

The historical changes of ancient Jizhou will give people useful reference, and the ancient Jizhou, which exudes historical fragrance, will also inspire people to make new contributions in the future journey.