What is the full-text translation of Liu Zihou's epitaph?

Han Yu? Tang dynasty

Thick son, taboo ZongYuan. Seven ancestors celebrated, served as Tuoba Weifu, and sealed Yin Gong. Zeng Bozu was the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. He offended the marquis of Wu with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan and died in the reign of the emperor. Huang Ji took an examination of the town, abandoned Dr. Taichang, and sought to be the magistrate of Jiangnan County. Later, I couldn't flatter the powerful and lost my empire. The death of dignitaries as their agents is a return to worship the imperial history. No. He is upright and upright, and he is a contemporary celebrity.

If the child is thick and sensitive, it is easy to approach. When he caught his father, although he was a teenager, he was an adult and was able to sit in the position of a scholar, and suddenly became a prominent figure. It is said that Liu has a son. Later, with his erudite macro words, he was awarded the orthography of Jixian Hall, Lantian Wei. Jie Jun is humble and tough, arguing about the past and the present, going in and out of the ancient classics, and being in high spirits, he has repeatedly lost his seat. Fame, everyone wanted to make friends with it at that time. Gentlemen and dignitaries, competing to make our door, pay tribute to it.

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, he supervised the censor Lantian Baiwei. Shunzong acceded to the throne and worshipped the foreign minister of the Ministry of rites. When users are offended, the example is the secretariat. Before he arrived, he demoted Yongzhou Sima. Leisure in life benefits from self-study, taking notes, writing chapters, flooding and stopping storage, and gaining endless knowledge. And since the boss is in the mountains and rivers.

During the Yuanhe period, the wine tasting case was called to the capital; Another secretariat, thick and Liuzhou. When he arrived, he sighed, "Isn't politics evil enough?" Because of its local customs, in order to establish a religious ban, the state people obeyed. Its custom is to mortgage money to men and women and redeem it from time to time. If the son is the same, he is not a handmaiden. Zi Hou and Ji Fang were ordered to redeem. Those who are particularly poor and can't do this should become servants. If they are enough, they should return to their quality. Observation made him punished in other States, and thousands of people returned freely when they were over one year old. Scholars in the south of Hengxiang all take Zi Hou as their teacher, and people who pass on exegesis and paintings from Zi Hou know that they have considerable statutes.

Called to the capital and returned to the secretariat, Liu Mengde of Zhongshan was also sent to Bozhou. Zi Hou cried, "I can't bear to dream of poverty, because I live in an inhuman place, but my dream is in the hall." I have nothing to say to my parents; " And there is no mother and son. "Please go to the court, you will worship me. I am willing to spread willows easily. Although I have committed a crime, I won't hate it. What if a person dreams of something, but dreams of stabbing Lianzhou. Oh! Poverty is righteousness. Nowadays, husband and wife admire each other in Curie Lane, and wine and food games compete with each other. They laughed, shook hands, showed off their lungs and livers, pointed to the tears in the sky, and vowed to live and die. If it is true; Once you have a small interest, it's like hair, if you don't know it. If you fall into the trap, you will be rescued by different hands, pushed back and hit the stone again. This is suitable for animals to do things that Yidi can't bear, while people think they can do it. Smell the thick wind, and you can feel less ashamed.

When I was a teenager, I was brave enough to be a man and didn't care about my family. I said my grades were achievable, so I sat down and retired. Both of them are retired and don't know each other. Those who had the strength to get jobs pushed and pulled, so they died of poverty. Materials are not used for the world, and Tao is not suitable for the times. When Zi Hou was in Taiwan Province, he was self-sustaining. He could be a secretariat of Sima without being hard on himself. When you are fired, there are others who can be dismissed, and they will be reused. However, after a long time, Zi Hou was extremely poor. Although he was born in the people, his literary works can't be independent, so there is no doubt that it will be passed down to the future. Although zi Hou gets what he wants, he can distinguish the other.

Zi Hou died in 14 1 1 8/month at the age of 47. On July 10th, 15th year, he was buried next to the ancestral grave of Wannian. Zi Hou has a son and two men: Saturday Dragon, starting at the age of four; On the seventh day of the season, Houzi died. Two women, both young. It must be buried, and all the expenses have been observed to make Hedong Peijun Station. The lines are concise, it is very important to make friends with Zihou, and Zihou has done it, relying on strength. The man who buried his son thicker than the tomb of ten thousand years is his uncle Lu Zun. Obedience, Excellence, prudence and tireless learning. Since the child is rudely reprimanded, obedient and family, arrest him to death. I used to bury my son very thick. I would manage his family, but there was always someone.

Ming said, "The room is only thick, so it is solid and safe for the benefit of future generations."

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Zi Hou's name is Zongyuan. Liu Qing, the seventh ancestor, worked as a servant in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was made Duke of Yin Ji. Gao Bozu Liu Ying, a former prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, was executed during the reign of Emperor Gaozong for offending the marquis of Wu with Chu Suiliang and Han Yuan. Father's name is Jin Ryu. In order to serve his mother, he gave up his position as a doctor in Taichang and asked to be a county magistrate in Jiangnan. Later, because he refused to flatter the powerful, he lost his official position of suggestion. It was not until the powerful man died that he was appointed as a consultant. People say that he is resolute and upright, and he associates with celebrities at that time.

Zi Hou was very clever when he was a teenager, and there was nothing he didn't understand. Catch up with his father when he was alive, although he was very young, but he has achieved great success, and he can pass the exam as a scholar, which shows his talent. Everyone says that the Liu family has descendants who can make a name for themselves. Later, he passed the exam of erudite macro words and was awarded the office of Jixian Hall. He is brilliant and brave. He can quote ancient and modern cases as the basis when making comments, and he is proficient in classics and history books. When he makes comments, he is brilliant and eloquent, which often impresses people present. Therefore, his reputation was sensational, and people admired him for a while and hoped to associate with him. Those officials and dignitaries scrambled to make him their protege and recommended and praised him with one voice.

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Zi Hou was transferred from Lantian county commandant to supervise the censor. Shunzong acceded to the throne and was promoted to the history of the Ministry of rites. Whenever the person in power was found guilty, he was also demoted to the secretariat of the capital, but before he took office, he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. In a leisure place, I study harder and concentrate on reading and writing poems. My writing style is bold and concise in Wang Yang, as deep and broad as boundless sea water. And he himself is addicted to mountains and rivers.

During the Yuanhe period, Zeng was recalled to Beijing with his co-defendants, and was sent to be a secretariat together, and his son was assigned to Liuzhou. After taking office, he lamented: "Isn't it worth making achievements here?" So according to the local customs, he made a religious decree and ban for Liuzhou, and the people of the whole state obeyed and trusted him. Locals are used to borrowing money from people with their children as collateral, and it is agreed that if they cannot be redeemed on time, when the interest equals the principal, the creditors will confiscate the hostages and let them be handmaiden. To this end, Zihou tried his best to get the borrower to redeem his children. Especially poor and unable to redeem, let the creditor write down the salary of the child as a servant, and let the creditor return the mortgaged hostage when the due salary is enough to pay off the debt. Observation has extended this law to other counties, and nearly a thousand people have been exempted from handmaiden status and returned home one year later. Those who want to take the Jinshi exam in the south of Hengshan and Xiangshui all regard Zi Hou as a teacher, and all the articles written by people who Zi Hou has personally taught and guided can be seen to be in line with the norms.

When the recalled Jingshi was sent to be a secretariat again, Liu Mengde, a Zhongshan native, was also sent to Bozhou. Zi Hou said with tears: "Bozhou is not a place where ordinary people can live." Besides, I can't bear to see my dream in an embarrassing situation. He can't tell his mother about it. " Besides, there is absolutely no reason for mother and son to be together. "I request the court and prepare to submit a paper. I am willing to trade Liuzhou for a broadcasting state, saying that even if I am convicted again, I will have no regrets. It happened that someone told the emperor the dream, and it changed to Lianzhou secretariat. Oh! Only when a scholar is poor can he see his integrity and loyalty! Some people in the neighborhood admire and please each other. Some people often eat, drink, talk big, smile as much as possible, express their willingness to live under each other, shake hands, show each other the shape of their liver and lungs, cry at the sun, and swear that no one will abandon their friends regardless of life or death, which is as credible as truth. Once you encounter a small conflict of interest, as small as a hair, you will turn your face and deny people. When a friend falls into a trap, he won't reach out to save him. Instead, he will take the opportunity to push him and throw stones down. There are such people everywhere! This should be something that even those animals and savages can't bear to do, but those people think they have a way. When they hear Zi Hou's noble morality, they should feel a little ashamed!

When Zi Hou was young, he was brave and helped others. He didn't value and cherish himself, and thought that fame and fortune could be achieved overnight, so he was implicated and despised. After relegation, he died in a remote place without the recommendation and introduction of people who were familiar with him and had power and status. His talents could not be used by the world, and his ambitions could not be displayed at that time. If Zi Hou had been an official in Yushitai and Shangshu Province, he could have restrained himself as carefully as in Sima Shi and Secretariat, and naturally he would not have been demoted. After being demoted, if someone can recommend it, they will be re-appointed, not bad. However, if Zi Hou has not been reprimanded for a long time and the poverty situation has not reached the extreme, although he can join the officialdom, his literary poems will certainly not be as underground as they are today and spread to future generations. There is no doubt about it. Even if Zi Hou's wish is realized, once the rank is equal, what is the gain and loss of trading that for this? Someone must recognize it.

Zi Hou died at the age of 47 on the eighth day of November in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe. /kloc-July 0/5 10 was buried next to the ancestral cemetery in wannian county. Zi Hou has two sons: the eldest son is Saturday, only four years old; The youngest is qi zhou, born after Zi Hou's death. Two daughters, both very young. His coffin can be buried in his hometown, and all the expenses will be paid by Mr. Pei Li Xing, a native of Hedong. Mr Li Hang is an honest man. He is Zi Hou's friend, and Zi Hou is devoted to him. Finally, he handles affairs by himself. It was his cousin Lu Zun who buried Zi Hou in Wannian County Cemetery. Lu Zun, a native of Zhuozhou, is cautious and never satisfied with his studies. Since Zi Hou was denounced, Lu Zun followed him and lived with his family until his death. It can be said that he is a man who has finished what he started. Since he sent his son to be buried, he is ready to arrange his family.

The inscription says: "This is a secluded room with thick son, which is firm and comfortable, and will certainly benefit children and grandchildren."

To annotate ...

(1) Zi Hou: written by Liu Zongyuan. As an epitaph, it should be called the official title of the deceased, because Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are close friends, so it is called Zi. Taboo: name. The living are named, and the dead are taboo.

(2) VII: Liu Zongyuan, the minister of history books, and Liu Qing, the seventh ancestor, worked in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was a public official in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Son Liu Dan, assistant minister of Ren Zhongshu in Northern Zhou Dynasty, was named Yin Gong. Han Yu recorded it incorrectly. Attendant: The governor under the door is responsible for conveying the emperor's orders. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, ministers were the same as prime ministers. Tuoba Wei: The monarch of the Northern Wei Dynasty was named Tuoba (later renamed Yuan), so he was called Tuoba.

(3) Zeng Bozu (teacher): Zi, grandson of Liu Dan, brother of Liu Zongyuan's great-grandfather Xia. For Gao Bozu, this is Zeng Bozu's mistake. During the Zhenguan period (627-649), Liu Shi was a calligrapher in China. Because his niece Wang is the princess of the Crown Prince, she was promoted to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. After the king proclaimed himself emperor, he was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu. In 652 (the third year of Yonghui), Chu Suiliang was appointed secretary of the secretariat, equivalent to the prime minister. Later, Emperor Gaozong wanted to abolish Wu Zetian as the queen, and Emperor Hanyuan and Chu Suiliang worked hard for it. Wu Zetian falsely claimed that Liu wanted to rebel with Han and Chu and was killed.

(4) Chu () Sui Liang: Good word, once an official in the official department, a scholar with the book, and an assistant minister in the book. On his deathbed, Emperor Taizong ordered him to assist Emperor Gaozong together with Sun Chang Wuji. Later, he was demoted and died of illness for discouraging Emperor Gaozong from changing to Wuhou. Yu 'an: Apollo, an official to a servant, was also demoted to save Chu Suiliang.

(5) Imperial Examination: the honorific title of the ancient reigning emperor to the first emperor, which was later extended to the ancestor's honorific title. In this paper, it refers to my late father.

(6) Dr. Taichang: the official in charge of ancestral temple etiquette in Taichang Temple. When Jin Ryu was in Tang Suzong, Zuo Wei led government soldiers to join the army and assisted Guo Ziyi in defending the north. Later, he was transferred to Chang 'an as the main thin, and his mother mourned after her death. Later, he was named Dr. Taichang. He is willing to be the county magistrate of Xuancheng (now Anhui) because he respects the old and loves the young, and he is lonely and weak in Wu, and he has repeatedly declined politely. It may be the author's fault to say that "Dr. Tai Chang was abandoned by his mother".

(7) dignitaries: this refers to the sinus god. Jin Ryu once moved to the palace to assist imperial advisers. Because he refused to frame Muzan, an imperial minister and prime minister, and rehabilitated Muzan's unjust imprisonment, he offended Dou Shen, who framed him for other things and demoted him.

(8) Death of dignitaries as their agents: Dou Shen was later demoted for committing crimes and was executed by Tang Dezong the following year.

(9) Shi: an official of Yushitai, who is responsible for picketing bailiffs and interrogating cases.

(10) is honest and straightforward: Guo Ziyi once told Jin Ryu that he would join the army and work as a clerk in Jinzhou. Jinzhou was arrogant and fierce, and officials dared not argue with him. Jin Ryu had to fight with him, so he said so.

Make an appreciative comment

This article was written by Han Yu when he was a secretariat in Yuanzhou in the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820). Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the corresponding leaders in the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. I have a deep personal relationship and a deep friendship. Liu Zongyuan died in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe, and Han Yu wrote many words of mourning and commemoration, which is one of the more representative ones. This paper summarizes Liu Zongyuan's family background, life, friends and articles, focusing on his political achievements and literary style. Han Yu praised Zong Yuan's political talent, the virtue of being brave, the spirit of being anxious for friends and the spirit of striving for progress. Tears of sympathy filled his eyes when he thought of his long-term exile. However, Zongyuan's early participation in the Wang clique and his attempt to reform the law were extremely taboo and vague, which showed the author's conservative thoughts. Han Yu affirmed Liu Zongyuan's outstanding achievements in literature and revealed Liu Wen's cynicism and its practical significance. The full text is written heartily, frustrated and depressed, which is caused by Han Yu's true feelings.

Epitaph is an ancient style. There are carved stones in or near the tomb to commemorate the dead, so that future generations can pay close attention to them. Articles are usually divided into two parts. The first part is the preface, which describes the surname, title, lineage and life story of the deceased. The second half is a rhyming inscription, expressing mourning and praise for the dead. The inscription on this epitaph is extremely short, which is a deformity.

From the full text, we can see two implicit points: First, it implies the relationship between being a man and writing. The second is the relationship between being a man and being an official. Combining two into one, that is, a question based on character. This issue is the core of China's traditional culture, especially Confucianism, and Han Yu's attitude towards this issue is quite objective. He especially respects Liu Zongyuan, so this paper has been focused on the key issue of "human quality". Although there are many natural paragraphs, the central idea above is clear and consistent.

The reason why this article is well-known and enduring is that the author has soaked and poured rich emotions into it. As a result, angry pens are frequent and grievances are common. The traditional inscription form is naturally broken in writing, forming a special style charm of narration, discussion, profound implication, sincerity and euphemism. This feature is very obvious even in the last inscription. Inscriptions have been composed of four-character rhymes since ancient times, and most of them are used to summarize the above-mentioned things. However, Han Yu consciously only wrote three odd lines with rhyming corners but unfashionable, so he wrote them off. Is this just to reform the style? If future generations can understand Liu Zongyuan's attachment to his weak young son, then these three inscriptions by Han Yu are the most appropriate words for the deceased and can let the deceased rest in peace.

Working background

As one of the literary styles, epitaph has its own style, such as recalling the ancestors before the tomb owner, and then explaining the situation of Xu An and his children behind him, which are unavoidable when writing epitaphs for celebrities. When writing this kind of articles, it is the best policy not to be completely bound by style, but to actively use style. This paper first describes Zi Hou's ancestors, focusing on his integrity and integrity. Later, Pei and Lu Zun devoted themselves to the funeral arrangements of Zihou and family support for the elderly, showing their constant friendship, which can reflect the style of the tomb owner and make the full text an organic whole. Shen Deqian commented: "It's gloomy and bleak, and the epitaph will last forever!" This article sums up quite well.

Brief introduction of the author

Han Yu (65438+768-February 25th, 824) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province). He claimed to be "the ancestral home of Changli County" and was called "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli". Minister of the Middle Tang Dynasty, writer, thinker and politician, son of Han Lang, Minister of the Middle Qing Dynasty. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he served as the prime minister of Pei Du, Sima in March, to fight against the "Huaixi Rebellion". Speak out to welcome the Buddha's bones and be demoted to Chaozhou secretariat. Official ups and downs, tired of the official department assistant minister, known as the "Korean official department." In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died of illness at the age of 57, and was posthumously awarded as the history of the Ministry of Rites. Posthumous title is called Wen, so he is called Han Wengong. In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Bo in Changli County was posthumously sealed to worship the Confucius Temple. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu ranked first among the "Eight Masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties" and was known as "a great writer" and "a hundred schools of literature". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi are also called "four great writers through the ages". Advocating writing theories such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "moderation in words", "no words in words" and "following words" is of guiding significance to future generations. He is the author of The Collection of Han Changli.