Excuse me: the cultivation methods and management methods of Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora and Lagerstroemia indica.

Ginkgo biloba: key points of cultivation techniques. Seedling raising of ginkgo biloba. The embryo is dormant. Ginkgo trees should be planted in early spring along the sidewalk or after layering in winter. When the height of seedlings exceeds 1 m, they can be planted. Male trees should be selected for street trees. It can also be propagated by cutting and tillering. In order to promote early fruiting and cultivate excellent clones, bud grafting or branch grafting can be used for propagation and planting. 1. Sowing seedlings requires harvesting large particles, and the mother tree with a tree age of about 80 years is the best, and the harvested seeds should be peeled and dried in the shade. Autumn sowing can be done in the south, and spring sowing is suitable in the north. The seedbed should be sandy loam with good water permeability. About 2.2 months (after thawing in the north), half of the sprouting branches with roots were dug and planted in the nursery, with a diameter of 1cm ~ 4cm. This method is easy to survive. Flowering and fruiting after about 10 years. 3. In May and June, soft branches of the current year were selected and cut into 10cm ~ 15cm, leaving 3 ~ 4 leaves on them. Half of the cuttings are often sprayed with water to ensure that the leaves are not dry and can take root in about one and a half months to two months. 4. Transplanted ginkgo seedlings can be planted with bare roots below 5 cm in diameter, and generally cultivated with soil above 6 cm. The seedlings planted with bare roots are in a slow seedling stage. Seedlings with clods can grow in the same year. After the seedlings are planted in rows, they are flooded. When planting a big tree, it is best to fill the pit with water before planting it. After the water in the pit infiltrates, plant big trees in the pit and tamp them so that the water in the pit can come back to moisten the roots. The next watering should be to dig a diversion ditch beside the pit and fill it with water, so that the water can slowly penetrate into the roots of Ginkgo biloba. Don't drown with water. The main reason why many people transplant ginkgo biloba is not dryness, but soaking. Because the root system of Ginkgo biloba has a large respiratory capacity, it is submerged by water, and the root system is suffocated by hypoxia, so it cannot produce new roots, and the root system gradually decays. Some ginkgo leaves can disperse even after death, and even germinate in the second and third years, but the leaves are very small, and they will not grow until the nutrients in the body are exhausted. This is the "fake living" phenomenon of ginkgo biloba. However, some ginkgo leaves do not appear in the first year after planting, or even in the second year. If you pinch the skin, you will find that the skin is fresh and the branches will not shrink. This kind of tree may not be dead, but it may appear again in the third year. This phenomenon is also known as the "suspended animation" phenomenon of Ginkgo biloba. To determine whether Ginkgo biloba is a fake death or a fake life, we should not only look at the leaves, but also look at the roots. Therefore, buying big seedlings, especially those from abroad, must depend on whether the roots are black. If it is, it means that this seedling is a fake live seedling, no matter how cheap it is. The xylem of fresh seedlings should be white, the bark slightly red and the xylem tight. 5. Seedling management (1) Ginkgo biloba does not need to be watered frequently after it survives. In the northern region, water once after thawing and before germination. In May, if the weather is dry, you can water it once, because this is the peak growth period of Ginkgo biloba. Autumn and mid-August are the second growth peak of Ginkgo biloba in a year, which can be watered once and combined with fertilization twice. (2) Fertilization: Fertilization in nursery can be carried out in spring and summer. In spring, apply 5000 kg to 10000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu between two rows, and then plough it once with a small rotary tiller to evenly ram the fertilizer into the soil. Large seedlings can open several radial ditches, and organic fertilizer and topsoil can be evenly mixed and filled into the ditches. If the amount of fertilization is large, it can be applied once a year in spring, but if the amount is small. (3) Pruning: Ginkgo biloba generally does not need pruning, because there are few new shoots of Ginkgo biloba, even the seedlings in the nursery should leave as many branches and leaves as possible to accelerate their thickening. Cut off the branches below 1.8 meters one year before the seedlings are sold. After growing for one year, the cut is full, the skin is smooth and the branches are upright. (4) intertillage: Appropriate intertillage can improve the permeability of soil, and intertillage can trim the fibrous roots of Ginkgo biloba and stimulate more fibrous roots to germinate. The number of intertillage can be once in spring and once in autumn. (5) Disease prevention and insect control: The disease of Ginkgo biloba is mainly seedling damping-off. The main pest of field seedlings is beetle larvae (grubs). Pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification at seedling stage, loosen topsoil and spray bordeaux mixture to prevent wilting. The way to control grubs is to apply decomposed organic fertilizer as far as possible. When applying fertilizer, the whole garden is sprayed with 500 times of 39 1 1 pesticide solution once, and then rotated again to rotate the sprayed fertilizer into the soil. Another method is to wet bran and rice bran, mix them with trichlorfon, use them in a bucket for two days to fully absorb the pesticide, then sprinkle them into the ground and then cultivate them. Another method is to bury a pile of hay every 10 meter, often pour some water on the hay, open the hay every two months, and there will be many grubs under it, which will be killed in a concentrated way. (6) Cultivation of fruiting trees: Ginkgo biloba is dioecious and cross-pollinated, so the fruiting trees should be matched with pollinated trees. Ginkgo biloba has a strong pollination ability, and 25 kilometers downwind in the breeze is the effective pollination area. The difference between male and female trees is that the female branches rotate obviously, the branches grow horizontally, the leaves are thicker, and the male branches are upright and alternate. Ginkgo orchards are planted at a spacing of 4m× 6m, and the seedlings grow rapidly. Selecting seedlings with DBH of 3 cm to 4 cm, cutting and grafting. Generally, a 3-year-old scion with shiny skin, 3-6 short branches and large fruit grains is better. It can bear fruit in 3-4 years after grafting. Magnolia grandiflora: sowing and seedling raising 1. The fruit of Magnolia grandiflora ripens in September-10. Ripped at maturity to reveal the red aril, which needs to be harvested in time when the fruit is slightly cracked and the aril just turns red and turns to Huang Shi. After picking the fruit, dry it in the shade for 5-6 days to promote cracking, take out the seeds with arils, soak them in clean water for 1-2 days, wipe off the arils to remove the shriveled seeds, or scrub them with plant ash. The obtained white seeds are mixed with kerosene or zinc phosphide to prevent rodents. 2. There are two sowing dates: sowing with harvest (autumn sowing) and spring sowing. The seedbed should choose fertile and loose sandy soil, dig deep to kill weeds and insects, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. After leveling the bed surface, open a sowing ditch with a depth of 5 cm, a width of 5 cm and a spacing of 20 cm, then sow the seeds, sow them evenly in the ditch, and slightly compact them after covering the soil. 3. Seeding seedling management When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, they can be transplanted. Because of the slow growth in seedling stage, it is necessary to weed and loosen the soil frequently. Top dressing 3 times in May-July, and fully decomposed dilute manure water can be used. Grafting seedling Magnolia grandiflora is often grafted with magnolia (tub, magnolia grandiflora) as rootstock. Magnolia rootstock is raised by cutting or sowing, and can be used as rootstock when its dry diameter reaches about 0.5 cm. From March to April, take the robust branches of Magnolia grandiflora with terminal buds as scions, which are 5 ~ 7cm long and have 1 ~ 2 axillary buds, cut off the leaves, and cut and graft the rootstock 3 ~ 5cm from the ground. After that, the top of the scion is slightly exposed to promote wound healing. Abdominal connection is also possible, and the interface is about 5 ~ 10cm from the ground. In some areas, magnolia tianmu and magnolia protuberata are used as rootstocks, and the grafted seedlings grow faster and the effect is more ideal. Lagerstroemia indica: Lagerstroemia indica is robust, easy to cultivate, and requires little soil, but it grows best when planted in deep and fertile sandy loam. Love the light, and should be planted in the lee or under the root of the south wall of the courtyard. If the light is insufficient, plants will not only spend less or not, but even grow weak and have small branches and leaves. Lagerstroemia indica is cold-resistant, but it should be well protected from cold and heat at seedling stage, and the adult plants over three years old do not need heat preservation. Lagerstroemia indica is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. Water it once a year before germination in spring and after defoliation in autumn. If it is not too dry at ordinary times, you don't need to water it. Drainage should be done well in rainy season to prevent water from rotting roots. Fertilization can be applied after defoliation in winter and before germination in spring every year, such as applying human manure or sesame paste residue, which can make plants grow vigorously and flowers big and colorful in the coming year. Generally, pruning should be carried out after defoliation in autumn, and long branches, dead branches, drooping branches, pests and diseases branches, slender branches and endogenous branches should be cut off in time during the young tree period, so that the upper part of the trunk can obtain sufficient nutrients and form a good crown. Lagerstroemia indica is vulnerable to aphids, scale insects, spiny moths and leaf roller moths during the growth period. If it happens, dimethoate EC with 1000 times can be used to kill scale insects and aphids, and 80% dichlorvos EC with 1500 times can be used to kill spiny moths and leaf rollers. The propagation of Lagerstroemia indica can be carried out by sowing, cutting and dividing plants, but the cutting method is the best, which not only has high survival rate, but also has fast plant formation, early flowering and high seedling rate. Cutting can be carried out in June. Select one-year-old robust branches with good lignification and no diseases and insect pests, cut and grow to about 15cm with sterile branches, cut off the lower leaves, leaving only two or three upper leaves, insert them into an intertillage sterile seedbed with a depth of about 10cm, and then cover them with plastic film and reed curtain for moisture and shade. Spray water 1 time every day after cutting, keep the humidity above 70%, and take root after 45 days. After the cuttings grow new buds, they are gradually illuminated, the plastic film is removed, and fertilization begins two months later. Cutting seedlings should be well protected from cold and heat when overwintering in seedbed, and can be transplanted and planted in April of the following year. Propagation technology Lagerstroemia speciosa has beautiful figure, smooth trunk, bright color and long flowering period, which can reach more than 100 days in summer and autumn. It is a good ornamental, which can be used not only for beautifying courtyards, parks and green spaces, but also for potted viewing. Lagerstroemia indica likes sunshine, is slightly tolerant to shade, drought and waterlogging, and is strong in pruning. It grows well on calcareous soil and has strong cold resistance. Lagerstroemia indica can be propagated by sowing, cutting, layering, dividing plants, grafting and other methods. 1. A large number of healthy and tidy seedlings can be obtained by sowing and raising seedlings once. Collect1October165438+February 65438+February mature seeds, remove the peel, slightly dry the seeds, and put them in a container for drying and preservation. In March of the following year, the sandy loam seedbed was planted with wide banners or spread, covered with a layer of fine burnt marl and covered with grass, so that no seeds could be seen. Germinate for more than 10 days, uncover the grass in time, and sow after the rain when two pairs of true leaves appear; Weed frequently at seedling stage, topdressing thin fertilizer 2-3 times in June-July, and irrigating in summer to prevent drought. The height of seedlings at the end of the year is about 40-50 cm. Flowers can bloom in the year of vigorous growth, so they should be cut off in time and transplanted and grown up in the spring equinox the next year. 2. Cutting propagation can be hardwood cutting and softwood cutting. Hardwood cutting is generally carried out in the middle and late March to early April before the branches germinate. Select stout annual branches, cut them into cuttings with a length of15cm, and insert them into a loose and well-drained sandy loam seedbed, and the cuttings are deep enough to expose the top buds of the cuttings. After insertion, it is filled with water and covered with plastic film to keep moisture and heat. When the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, you can remove the film, put on the sunshade net and water them in time. The branches can grow to about 60-80 cm in that year. Softwood cutting is carried out in July and August, when the new branches grow vigorously and have the most vitality. Select semi-lignified branches and cut them into cuttings of 8 ~ LOCM length, leaving 2 ~ 3 leaves at the top. The cutting depth is 3 ~ 4cm. After inserting, you can water it and shade it with a shade shed. Generally, it can take root in about 20 days. Remove the film, keep the sunshade net, and then water it in time. Branches can grow to about 60-80 cm in that year, and the survival rate is very good. 3. Meristem propagation In early March to April or autumn, the roots of tillering seedlings sprouting in the rhizosphere of plants are dug out, the roots and branches are appropriately pruned and planted separately. Small seedlings can be bare-rooted, and big seedlings should carry mud balls. During the tending period, they should be pruned and trimmed frequently to maintain a beautiful tree shape and promote the flourishing of flowers and branches. 4. layering propagation can be carried out all year round, especially in March-April in spring. In the air layering method, branches of 1 ~ 2 years old can be selected, cut and girdled with a sharp knife to expose xylem, and rooting powder solution can be applied about 3 cm above the cut part (diluted according to regulations). When it is dry, put a cylindrical plastic bag around the cut part, fill it with loose garden soil, water it and tie it tightly at both ends, and check it after one month. If the soil is too dry, it can be hydrated and moisturized. 5. There are several varieties of grafted Lagerstroemia indica, such as Yin Wei, and the flowers are white; Cuiwei, the flowers are blue-purple and lavender; Red, pink, crimson, etc. ; The author grafted several annual or biennial branches with different colors on the same tree, and the survival rate was over 98%. The specific method is: from late February to early March, before the branches of Lagerstroemia indica sprout. When grafting, the well-developed seedlings are selected as rootstocks, and the branches of the required color are used as scions, and the splitting method is adopted. First, the top of the rootstock near the peripheral part is split longitudinally with a knife about 5-8 cm deep, and then the scions of more than two buds with a length of 5-8 cm are cut into wedges and inserted into the split part of the rootstock to align with the cambium. Then wrap the whole spike with plastic film to expose the bud head. This method is used to graft branches of different colors on the same rootstock in layers to form multi-color trees. After 2-3 months of grafting, the membrane can be loosened. At this time, the length of the ear head can reach 50-80 cm. Branches should be cut short in time to avoid being broken by the wind and can be cultivated into thick branches. The survival rate of plants cultivated in this way is very good. Specific practice: from late February to early March, before the branches of Lagerstroemia indica germinate. When grafting, the well-developed seedlings are selected as rootstocks, and the branches of the required color are used as scions, and the splitting method is adopted. First, chop a knife at the top of the rhizome near the peripheral part, about 5? 8 cm deep, and then take the length of 5? 8 cm scions with more than 2 buds were cut into wedges and inserted into the cracks of rootstock, aligned with the cambium. Then wrap the whole spike with plastic film to expose the bud head. This method is used to graft branches of different colors on the same rootstock in layers to form multi-color trees. Grafting 2? After 3 months, the membrane can be loosened and the length of the ear head can reach 50? 80 cm, the branches should be cut short in time to avoid being broken by the wind, and can be cultivated into thick branches. The survival rate of plants cultivated in this way is very good. The author summed up the following conclusions from years of practice: among the five propagation methods, the color of seedlings cultivated by the latter four methods maintained the excellent performance of scions. However, there are many buds and branches produced by plant cutting and division, which need to be removed in time. If you need to practice to become a senior 3? For 6-meter trees, the seedlings propagated by sowing method are better, and the side branches produced are obviously reduced, but the colors of seedlings propagated by sowing method are easy to vary. Cultivation and management The planting of Lagerstroemia indica should choose the leeward and sunny place with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Large seedlings should be transplanted with the ball and the branches should be trimmed properly, otherwise the survival rate will be low. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in the planting hole, water it after cutting, and water it 1 time after 3 days. Lagerstroemia indica germinates late. Under normal circumstances, the leaves will only spread from mid-April to the end of April. Because of root injury, the germination of new plants will be delayed. So don't give up management just because you have no job. After survival, the plant management is extensive, Lagerstroemia indica is strong and easy to cultivate, and the requirements for soil are not high, but it grows best when planted in deep and fertile sandy loam. Sex likes light, so it should be planted in the lee of the sun or under the roots of the south wall of the courtyard. If the light is insufficient, plants will not only spend less or not, but even grow weak and have small branches and leaves. Lagerstroemia indica is cold-resistant, but it should be well protected from cold and heat at seedling stage, and the adult plants over three years old do not need heat preservation. Lagerstroemia indica is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. Water it once a year before germination in spring and after defoliation in autumn. If it is not too dry at ordinary times, you don't need to water it. Generally, water l ~ 3 times in spring drought, and drain well in rainy season to prevent water from rotting roots. Autumn is not suitable for watering. Fertilization can be applied after defoliation in winter and before germination in spring every year, such as applying human manure or sesame paste residue, which can make plants grow vigorously and flowers big and colorful in the coming year. In order to make Osmunda bloom, pruning should be carried out during dormancy. Because the crape myrtle inflorescence is planted at the top of the new branches in that year, the annual branches should be pruned and retracted when pruning, so that the nutrients are concentrated and the branches are strong. Long branches, dead branches, drooping branches, pests and diseases branches, slender branches and endogenous branches should be cut off, and the side branches at the lower part of the trunk should be cut off in time during the young tree period, so that the upper part of the trunk can get enough nutrients and form a good crown. Lagerstroemia indica cultivation and management are extensive, but it is necessary to cut off dead branches, pests and diseases in time and burn them. In order to prolong the flowering period, the branches that have blossomed should be cut off in time so as to germinate again and grow the next round of flowers. In order to make the trunk thicker, you can cut off many flowers and concentrate on cultivating the trunk. Practice has proved that with proper management, Lagerstroemia indica can blossom many times a year, up to 100? 120 days.