The Historical Background of the Forbidden City in Beijing

The Forbidden City is also called the Forbidden City. In ancient China, the planning concept of "harmony between man and nature" was emphasized, and the stars in the sky were used to correspond to the capital planning, so as to highlight the legitimacy of political power and the supremacy of imperial power. The Emperor of Heaven lives in Wei Zi Palace, and the emperor on earth claims that he is the "son of heaven" ordered by God. His residence should be a symbol of Wei Zi Palace, so as to conform to the Heaven Emperor. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records that "there is a Wei Zi Palace in the sky, which is the residence of God". The king built a palace and liked it. "

2, the construction principle

The Forbidden City was built in strict accordance with the principle of "the former dynasty was in the city, and the left ancestor was in the right society" in Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji. The whole Forbidden City, in terms of architectural layout, is combined into a whole through the changes and ups and downs of its shape.

3. Construction process

Beijing was originally the fief of Judy, the prince of Yan. After the war of Jingnan, in the first year of Yongle (1403), Li Zhigang, an official of the Ministry of Rites, said that Yanjing Beiping was the emperor's "land of dragon's prosperity" and should follow Ming Taizu's example and take Fengyang as its capital. Therefore, Ming Taizu Chengzu vigorously promoted the position of Beiping House in Yanjing, taking Beiping as Beijing and changing Beiping House into Shuntianfu, which is called "in the line".

4. Ming dynasty

After the completion of the Forbidden City, the court history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was more than 500 years, including the activities of queens, hierarchy, power struggles, religious sacrifices and so on. In the 18th year of Yongle (1420), Beijing Palace was completed. The following year, a fire broke out and the first three halls were burned down.

Extended data:

Architectural layout of the Forbidden City;

Overall mode

The Forbidden City is located in the center of Beijing. The layout is based on the principle of "Left Group, Right House, Facing the Future". It is built on the central axis of Beijing, eight kilometers long from north to south, and the north and south are symmetrical. Today, the working people's cultural palace in front of the Forbidden City is the ancestral temple of the Ming and Qing emperors. On the right front, Zhongshan Park is the social altar where the emperor worships the land gods and the valley gods. There is a courtier's office in front; There is a market for people to trade in the back.

Distribute outward

The outer court is the place where the emperor handles political affairs. There are three main halls: Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe. Among them, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the highest and most splendid, with a width of 60. 1 m, a depth of 33.33 m and a height of 35.05 m.. The emperor's accession to the throne, wedding, conferring, ordering and going to war will all be held here. At that time, thousands of people "shouted three times" and hundreds of ritual vessels rang bells and drums, which was extremely royal.

imperial capital

The second half of the Forbidden City building is called the Forbidden City. The gate of the Forbidden City, Gan Qing Gate, is surrounded by glazed walls, and the last three palaces are inside. The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, and its east and west wings are East Sixth Palace and West Sixth Palace respectively. It is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs, and it is also the place where the emperor and his queens live and live.

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