What should I pay attention to when pruning and pruning flowers?

(1) Functions and methods of flower pruning: The pruning of flowers can create a good plant shape, regulate the reasonable distribution and supply of nutrients in the body, prevent the excessive growth of branches and leaves, be conducive to flower bud differentiation and bud pregnancy, create good ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Pruning: This method is most commonly used for pruning. Pruning is mainly for thinning and cutting. Branching is to cut off dense branches, cross branches, inward branches, overgrown branches, twigs, pests and dead branches from the base, so that trees are arranged in layers, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, so that nutrients are concentrated and the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced. Short cutting can cut off 1/3 ~ 3/4 of the branch length, aiming at controlling excessive elongation of flowers and trees, promoting lateral branch germination, regulating growth, making the crown uniform, beautiful and plump, which is beneficial to flowering and fruiting. Flowers and trees with terminal buds should not be cut short.

Pruning: Pruning is generally to cut off the top of the growing plant during the flower growing season, so as to make the plant short and strong, promote the development of lateral buds and form more flower buds.

Core-picking: Cutting or removing the top of a plant is called core-picking, which is mostly used for herbaceous flower seedlings. Remove tender buds, promote their sprouting side branches or thickening growth, or promote flower bud differentiation. For example, after planting, young plants such as chrysanthemum, dark plum, begonia Siji and golden bell flower should be picked to promote multi-lateral branches, make the plants plump and increase the number of flowers.

Bud stripping: adventitious buds often occur at the base or stem of flowers and trees, which consumes nutrients and disturbs the plant shape. Erase them in time to ensure that the flowers in the middle bloom bigger. Generally, only chrysanthemums and Dali flowers need bud stripping.

Leaf picking: yellow leaves and leaves damaged by pests and diseases should be picked at any time during the growth period. When arranging flowers, some leaves should be removed to reduce water evaporation, which is conducive to survival. Some foliage flowers, such as Acer truncatum Bunge, can promote new leaves and make them more beautiful by cutting off the old leaves.

Bud removal: mainly used for peony, rose, peony, camellia and so on. In order to concentrate nutrition and promote flowers to be large and colorful, some excessive lateral buds should be removed, leaving only 1 ~ 2 key cultures.

Fruit thinning: For the flowers and trees that need to be planted, such as Clivia, as long as some strong ones are left and the weak ones are removed, the rest will grow better. Used for some ornamental flowers and trees, such as citron, bergamot, kumquat and pomegranate. In order to save nutrients and avoid fruit hanging in the second year, when the young fruit grows to a diameter of about 1cm, a certain number of irregular and too small fruits should be removed, so that only 1 ~ 2 fruits are left on each branch, which promotes the color of big fruits and the growth of new shoots, which is beneficial to the next year.

Cut off residual flowers: used for flowers and trees that do not need to be planted, such as azaleas, primroses, roses, etc. Remove the residual flowers in time after flowering to promote the emergence of new flower buds.

Root cutting: before transplanting deciduous flowers and trees in the open field, all damaged roots, aged roots and dead roots should be cut off. When changing potted plants, redundant and curly roots should also be properly thinned to promote more fibrous roots to germinate for fertility. Some flowers can't blossom and bear fruit because of overgrowth. Some roots can be cut off to inhibit overgrowth of branches and leaves to promote flowering and bearing fruit.

(2) Pruning time: The pruning time of flowers and trees varies with varieties and cultivation purposes, and can generally be divided into two types: growth pruning and dormancy pruning.

Pruning in growth period: usually carried out during the growing season of flowers and trees or after flowering. Prune long branches, diseased branches, dead branches and pedicels in time according to the growth and cultivation requirements of flowers and trees.

Dormancy pruning: it should be carried out in early spring when the sap just begins to flow and the buds are about to germinate. Pruning too early, the wound is difficult to heal, and the new buds are vulnerable to cold current after germination; Pruning is too late, new buds have grown, wasting a lot of nutrients. Dormancy pruning is often used for woody flowers or perennial flowers. Such as rose, crape myrtle, hibiscus, kumquat, hawksbill, bergamot, hibiscus and so on. When the branch blooms in that year, it can be re-cutted during the dormant period to promote it to sprout more new branches, blossom more and bear more fruits; Used for plum blossom, peach blossom, spring jasmine, forsythia, clove and so on. In spring, most of their flower buds are formed on the branches of the first year, so they can't be pruned again during the dormant period, so they can only prune the autumn branches without flower buds, otherwise they will prune the flower branches, and they will only be pruned one or two weeks after flowering to promote the germination of new buds and form the flower branches of the second year.

(3) Pruning principle: plants with strong germination should be cut more and then cut; Those with poor germination ability should be cut less and lightly. For garden tree species, it is generally to cut strong main branches and weak main branches lightly.

When the branches bloom, they should be cut off after flowering. For example, roses, roses and other flowers should be cut off in time after flowering, so that new branches can sprout and bloom again. Generally, deciduous shrubs should be pruned again during the dormant period after autumn.

Young garden plants should not be strongly cut, while old trees should be strongly cut to promote new branches.