Encyclopedia of osmanthus trees

Osmanthus fragrans, Oleaceae, Oleaceae, Osmanthus fragrans is elegant and luxuriant, with evergreen seasons and pleasant fragrance. Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen broad-leaved tree with a height of15m, a crown covering 400 square meters and yellow flowers. Osmanthus fragrans likes to grow in warm areas, with strong resistance to stress, high temperature and cold, and can overwinter in the open air in the south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in China. Osmanthus fragrans is native to southwest China and eastern Himalayas, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Lingnan. Osmanthus fragrans was selected as the city tree of Hanzhong, Yichun, Xianning and tongren city in China.

catalogue

1. Living habits

2. Morphological characteristics

3. Distribution range

4. Maintenance technology

5. Main values

6. Crop cultivation

Living habits

Osmanthus fragrans is a kind of evergreen tree, which belongs to short-day plants and is suitable for cultivation in many parts of the country.

Flowering time

From mid-August to the beginning of 10, Jingui has a strong fragrance and people can't put it down.

edaphic condition

Osmanthus fragrans has no strict requirements on soil, except alkaline soil, low-lying land and soil that is too sticky and poorly drained, it can generally grow. The slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is more suitable.

morphological character

Osmanthus fragrans is elegant, with lush foliage, evergreen seasons and pleasant fragrance. Evergreen shrubs to small trees, the height can reach 12m, and the crown can cover 400 square meters; Bark gray, indehiscent. Buds overlap. The leaf surface is smooth, leathery, dark green on the paraxial surface and light green on the distal surface. The leaves are oval, 5~ 12cm long, pointed at the top, wedge-shaped, and serrated on the whole or upper part. Flowers clustered in axils or cymes; The flowers are small, yellow and white, and fragrant. Drupe oval, purple-black. Flowering: September ~ 65438+ 10. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings have obvious taproots, developed and deep roots. Young roots are yellow-brown, and old roots are yellow-brown.

distribution range

Distribution in China

Osmanthus fragrans is native to the eastern Himalayas in southwest China, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. Wild osmanthus fragrans grows in southwest China, Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places, and is now widely planted in the Huaihe River Basin and its south area. Its suitable area is north to the lower reaches of the Yellow River and south to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. It is extremely common in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Osmanthus fragrans originated in southwest, south and east China, and now there are wild resources in Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Zhejiang.

Distribution of other countries in the world

Widely cultivated in Europe, America and many countries in Southeast Asia. Osmanthus fragrans is cultivated in Japan and India. Osmanthus fragrans from China was introduced to Britain in 177 1 and then expanded rapidly. Nowadays, Osmanthus fragrans is widely cultivated in many countries in Europe, America and Southeast Asia and has become an important aromatic flower plant.

Maintenance technology

1, water drainage

Osmanthus fragrans is mainly watered within one month after new planting and in the summer of the same year. The newly planted osmanthus must be watered, and it can be watered in time according to the weather and site conditions. Conditionally spray water on the crown of the plant to maintain a certain air humidity and reduce the evaporation of water from the seedlings. In addition, in order to promote the early flowering of osmanthus fragrans, in mid-September, when the flower buds begin to germinate, appropriate amount of water should be used to keep the soil moist. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings do not need a lot of watering during normal maintenance, but can be properly watered in particularly dry summer and autumn. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, and poor drainage will cause a lot of fallen leaves, root rot and even death. Drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants in time and planting with a certain amount of sand can promote the growth of new roots.

2. Rational fertilization

The principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently should be followed, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, before the buds begin to swell, the roots begin to move and absorb fertilizer. Therefore, in early spring, organic fertilizer should be applied to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Spring shoots are branches that bloom in autumn that year. Spring seedlings are growing vigorously and will bloom more in the future. After Osmanthus fragrans blooms in autumn, in order to restore tree vigor and supplement nutrition, inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. The newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans has weak absorption capacity because of its damaged root system, so it is not appropriate to topdressing too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil and covered with soil, and the root system should not be in direct contact with the fertilizer, so as not to damage the root system and affect the survival rate.

Fertilizer must be applied where the roots can absorb it. Seedling roots are concentrated, and transplanting is easy to survive. Therefore, fertilization in nursery should not be too far away from seedling crown, otherwise the root system will expand outward. But it is not suitable to be applied under the trunk, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer.

3, plastic pruning

Pruning osmanthus fragrans is an important measure to cultivate single-dried osmanthus fragrans. Timely and reasonable pruning can make it ventilated and transparent, strengthen photosynthesis and reduce pests and diseases, so that osmanthus fragrans grows rapidly, its trunk is straight and its tree shape is beautiful.

(1) When osmanthus fragrans germinates, the buds on the trunk and base can also germinate. The useless buds at the lower part of the trunk should be peeled off in time to concentrate water and nutrition, promote the development of the upper branches and form an ideal tree shape.

(2) To cultivate dried osmanthus fragrans by thinning branches, we should consciously cultivate the trunk straight from the beginning of seedlings, maintain a certain height under branches, and cut off useless branches. Generally, the height under the branches of osmanthus fragrans is about 1.5 meters.

(3) Cut the overgrown top branches to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans at about 3.5 meters and the crown width at 2.5 ~ 3 meters. When transplanting Osmanthus fragrans, in order to maintain a complete tree shape, it is not advisable to cut it forcefully, but only cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches, sparse overlapping branches, cross branches and thin branches, and control long branches.

Main value

Ornamental value

Osmanthus fragrans is evergreen all year round, with lush foliage and blooming in autumn. Widely used in gardens, it is often used as a landscape tree, planted alone, opposite or in clusters. In the classical gardens of China, osmanthus flowers are often matched with buildings, mountains and rivers, and stone machines, and shrubs are planted near pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions. Old-style gardens are often planted relatively, which was called "double laurel in the court" or "double laurel leaves fragrance" in ancient times.

Osmanthus fragrans is resistant to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, and it is also a good greening flower in industrial and mining areas.

Commonly used in gardens, residential areas, gardens, schools, institutions, factories, hillsides, courtyards, roadsides and buildings. When in full bloom, the flowers are full of branches and the fragrance is overflowing. With high ornamental value, it is an ideal tree species to beautify the courtyard.

Medicinal value

For osmanthus fragrans, "Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "The taste is bitter and sweet, the nature is warm and low, and it is non-toxic. It has a good effect on treating excessive phlegm, sneezing and coughing, intestinal wind and blood dysentery, hernia and other diseases.

1. osmanthus tea has the functions of whitening skin, eliminating toxins in the body, moistening intestines and relaxing bowels, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, preserving health and moistening lungs;

Second, osmanthus tea has the effect of warming yang. The efficacy and function of osmanthus tea have certain health-care and health-preserving effects on hypertension due to yang deficiency, such as dizziness, lumbago, chills and cold limbs, loose stool, long urination, pale tongue, white fur and thready pulse.

3. osmanthus tea can prevent and treat halitosis, blurred vision, urticaria, duodenal ulcer and stomach cold and stomachache.

Fourth, the efficacy and role of osmanthus tea is helpful for people with bad stomach, which can warm the stomach, especially drinking osmanthus black tea, which can play a good role in warming the middle and dispelling cold, warming the stomach and relieving pain.

5. osmanthus tea has obvious soothing effect on the symptoms of thirst after drinking boiled water in winter.

6. Osmanthus fragrans tea made by mixing tea and osmanthus fragrans has both the efficacy of tea and the efficacy of osmanthus fragrans itself.

Seven, at the same time, mixing osmanthus tea with other scented teas can achieve more health care effects. it wont hurt you to try it Western medicine with faint fragrance can treat mental malaise.

Osmanthus fragrans has edible value and is deeply loved by our people. Osmanthus fragrans can be used to make many foods, such as Osmanthus Jelly and sweet-scented osmanthus candy. In addition, osmanthus can also soak in wine. In the south of our country, old people pick them, dry them and put them in pillows to rest their souls. I like to brew osmanthus wine, which tastes sweet and pleasant.

plant culture

Osmanthus fragrans is a symbol of nobility, chastity, honor, friendship and good luck. Those who have a successful career are called laurels, and the myth of laurel of the moon palace fairy gives people endless reverie. In the long historical development process, Osmanthus fragrans and Osmanthus fragrans have formed profound cultural connotations and distinctive national characteristics.

People like osmanthus fragrans, and all provinces (autonomous regions), cities and counties in China regard osmanthus fragrans as the city flower, provincial flower and county flower. The city flower of Hangzhou and Guilin is osmanthus fragrans. Five old osmanthus producing areas in history: Xianning in Hubei, Wuxian in Suzhou, Guilin in Guangxi, Manjuelong in Hangzhou, Xindu in Sichuan and Changde in Hunan.

Osmanthus fragrans is a symbol of nobility, chastity, honor, friendship and good luck. Those who succeed in official career are called laurels. The myth of laurel, a fairy in the Moon Palace, has given the world endless reverie. In the long historical development process, Osmanthus fragrans has formed profound cultural connotations and distinctive national characteristics.