Ziweixing 1240

1 Judy 2, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, centered on the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe. Among the three halls, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the "Golden Hall", is the place where the emperor held the court meeting, also known as the "former court". It was a place where feudal emperors exercised their power and held grand ceremonies. In addition, there are Wenhua Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion, Shangyuanyuan and Sonan on the east side of the two wings; There are buildings such as Wuying Hall and Interior Office in the west. The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, flanked by hall of mental cultivation, Liu Dong Palace, Liu Xi Palace, Zhai Palace and Yuqing Palace, followed by the Imperial Garden. This is the residence of the feudal emperor and empress. Ningshou Palace in the east of the Forbidden City was built after Emperor Qianlong abdicated. There are Cining Palace and Shou 'an Palace in the west of the palace. In addition, there are buildings such as China Palace and Beiwu. Forbidden city tour guide

The construction of the historical Forbidden City in Beijing lasted 14 years, which was built on the basis of the Palace of the Yuan Dynasty during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. Kuai Xiang (1397- 148 1 year, from Suzhou) was a designer in the early Ming Dynasty. Known as "Fast Luban".

1, The Palace Forbidden City was built in Gong Ji, Zhou Li, in strict accordance with the principle of "walking before sleeping, leaving the ancestors and staying at the right club". The whole Forbidden City, brick by brick in architectural layout, is showing the supremacy of imperial power, and it is combined into a whole through the changes and ups and downs of its shape. Functionally, it conforms to the hierarchical system of feudal society. At the same time, it achieves the artistic effect of balance and body change. The roof forms of buildings in China are rich and colorful. In the Forbidden City, there are 10 different kinds of roofs. Take the three halls as an example. The roofs are different. The roofs of buildings in the Forbidden City are covered with glazed tiles of various colors. The main temple is mainly yellow. The buildings in the prince's residential area use green. Other colorful stained glass, such as blue, purple, black, emerald, malachite green, sapphire blue, etc., are mostly used in gardens or glass walls. There are glazed kissing animals at both ends of the main ridge on the roof of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and the swallowing ridge is steady and powerful. Kissing animals have beautiful shapes, which are both components and decorations. Some ceramic tiles create three-dimensional animal images such as dragons and phoenixes, lions and seahorses, symbolizing auspiciousness and majesty. These components play a decorative role in the building. At that time, the front hall of the Forbidden City required magnificent architectural modeling and clear and open courtyards, symbolizing the supremacy of feudal regime. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is located in the diagonal center of the Forbidden City, and there are ten auspicious animals on each corner, which are lifelike. The designers of the Forbidden City thought it would show the majesty of the emperor and shock the world. The palace behind requires a deep courtyard and a compact building. Therefore, the six palaces in the East and West are self-contained, each with its own palace doors and walls, which are arranged in an orderly manner. Together with the palace lanterns and embroidered beds, they are all arrangements to meet the needs of luxury life. Behind the palace is the backyard. In the back garden, there are pines and cypresses that never wither, exquisite rockeries with strange rocks and pavilions around them, which are beautiful and quiet. Buildings in the Forbidden City (20 pieces) II. Central Axis The Palace Museum is arranged along a north-south central axis, and the three main halls, the last three palaces and the imperial garden are all located on this central axis. And spread to both sides, straight from north to south, symmetrical left and right. This central axis runs through the Forbidden City, Yongdingmen in the south, Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north, and runs through the whole city. It is magnificent, carefully planned and extremely spectacular. The Forbidden City is the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of working people hundreds of years ago. When it was first built, there were 100,000 enslaved laborers, including 1 million laborers. Under the social production conditions at that time, it fully reflected the high wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient China. At the same time, in order to build the Forbidden City, in the Ming Dynasty, most of the wood needed was collected from Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, and countless working people were forced to cut down and transport wood in the deep forests. Most of the stones used are collected from the outer suburbs of Beijing and the mountainous areas two or three hundred miles away from the suburbs of Beijing. Each stone often weighs several tons or even dozens or hundreds of tons. For example, there is a Yunlong stone carving weighing about 250 tons on the back eaves of Baohe Hall. Architects believe that the design and architecture of the Forbidden City are really unparalleled masterpieces. Its plane layout, three-dimensional effect, grandeur, grandeur and harmony in form, and grandeur and luxury in architecture are the essence of ancient architectural art in China. It marks the long cultural tradition of China and shows the outstanding achievements of craftsmen in architecture more than 500 years ago. Standing on the high mountain to see the Forbidden City, there are no windows at all, in case the assassin can't find his way. There are two tin cans in front of the gate, which are fireproof and filled with water. In winter, in order to prevent the water in the tank from freezing, we put quilts around and barbecue with charcoal fire. Aerial view of the Forbidden City in Beijing

3. Four Doors in the Forbidden City There are four doors in the Forbidden City, and the main entrance is called the meridian gate. There are five holes in the meridian gate. Its plane is concave and spectacular. There are five exquisite white marble arch bridges leading to Taihe Gate behind the Wumen Gate. The east gate is called Donghuamen, the west gate is called Xihuamen and the north gate is called Shenwumen. There are exquisite turrets in all four corners of the Forbidden City. The turret is 27.5 meters high, with a cross-shaped roof, triple eaves, mountains all around and many angles staggered. It is a wonderful building. The main entrance is the "Wumen Gate", commonly known as Wufenglou. The east, west and north sides are connected by a platform 12 meters high, surrounded by a square. There is a 1 building. There is a heavy building in the middle, which is 9 halls with wide faces and double eaves. There are four pavilions, with eaves and roofs on the left and right protruding walls, which are connected by open corridors. Each wing has a 13 hall, and each corner has a tall corner pavilion that supports the main hall. The gatehouse of this shape is called "Quemen", which is the most advanced form of the ancient gate in China. The buildings in this group of cities are magnificent and the first peak in the Palace Museum. The meridian gate is the place where the emperor issued letters and ordered expeditions. Every time the imperial edict is read out and the almanac is issued, officials of civil and military affairs will gather in the square in front of the meridian gate to listen to the imperial edict. Usually only the emperor can enter and exit the main entrance of the meridian gate. The emperor gets married, the queen enters once, and those who win the first prize, the second place and the third place in the palace entrance examination can walk out of this door once. The ministers of civil and military affairs went in and out of the east gate, and the royal princes went in and out of the west gate. The back door is Shenwumen, which was called Xuanwu Gate in Ming Dynasty. Xuanwu is one of the four ancient beasts. From the azimuth, Zuo Qinglong, Right White Tiger, Former Suzaku and Later Xuanwu dominate the north, so the North Palace Gate of the Forbidden City is named Xuanwu. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed "Shenwumen" because of taboo. Shenwumen is also a city gate building, with the highest-grade double-eaved roof, but its main hall has only five bays and a veranda, and there are no wings extending forward from left to right, so it is one level lower than Wumen in shape. Shenwumen is the entrance guard for daily access to the palace. Now Shenwumen is the main entrance of the Palace Museum. Donghuamen corresponds to Xihuamen, and there is a dismount monument outside. Inside the gate, North Henan Golden Water Flow, Shiqiao 1, North Bridge Sanmen. Donghuamen and Xihuamen have the same shape, with a rectangular plane, a red podium and a white jade base, among which there are three coupon doors with excircle coupon holes. There are towers, yellow glazed tiles and double eaves on the rostrum. The tower is five rooms wide and three rooms deep, surrounded by corridors. After the death of the emperor, his coffin was transported out of Donghuamen, so it was commonly called "the gate of hell". The Taihe Gate in the meridian gate has a vast courtyard. There is an arc-shaped inner Jinshui River in the courtyard, which runs from east to west, with the Taihe Gate facing the outer court in the north, with courtrooms and cloisters on the left and right. There are five bridges on the Jinshui River, which are equipped with white marble railings that rotate with the river like jade belts. The most attractive buildings in the Forbidden City are three halls: Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe. 4. The three halls are located in the Taihe Gate, in an open-air courtyard of more than 30,000 square meters, and are the centers of foreign dynasties: Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall, which are collectively called the three halls (Fengtian Hall, Gaihua Hall and Shenjing Hall in the Ming Dynasty, and Jiajing was renamed Huangji Hall, Zhongji Hall and Jianji Hall). Now it's called the name of the Qing Dynasty). These three halls are the main buildings of the Forbidden City. Their heights and shapes are different, and their roofs are also different, so they are rich and varied but not rigid. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe are all built on the 8-meter-high I-shaped abutment made of white marble, with Taihe in front, Zhonghe Hall in the middle and Baohe Hall in the back. From a distance, it looks like a fairy que in Gong Qiong. The abutment has three overlapping layers, and the upper edge of each platform is decorated with railings, sentries and faucets carved with white marble. Among the three platforms, there are three stone steps carved with dragons, which set off the "Royal Road" with waves and flowing clouds. There are 14 15 carved railings, Yunlong Xiangfeng 1460 carved sentry box and 165438 faucet on the 25,000m2 countertop. Three sets decorated with so many white marble, with overlapping shapes, are unique decorative arts in ancient buildings in China. And this kind of decoration is the drainage pipe of the countertop in terms of structure and function. A small hole was carved under the railing. There is also a small hole carved on the faucet, which extends below the sentry post. Every rainy season, three groups of rainwater are discharged from small holes layer by layer, water flows out from the faucet, and the dragon sprays water, which is spectacular. This is a scientific and artistic design. The Hall of Supreme Harmony (called Fengtian Hall and Huangji Hall in Ming Dynasty), commonly known as "Golden King Hall", is 35.05 meters high, 63 meters east and west, 35 meters north and south, with an area of 2,377.00 ㎡. The ratio of length to width is 9: 5, which means the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The area is the largest among the main halls of the Forbidden City, and the shape is also the highest and most magnificent building. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is a temple with five ridges and four slopes, with long ridges in the east and west and two oblique vertical ridges in the front and back, thus forming a roof with five ridges and four slopes, which is called fairy hall style in architectural terminology. There are 10 kinds of wild animals under the eaves (dragons, phoenixes, lions, horses, seahorses, sisters-in-law, gambling on fish, sisters-in-law, bullfighting and walking), which is a special case of ancient architecture in China. From the Ming dynasty in the14th century, the double-eaved palace was the highest-ranking form of the feudal dynasty palace. The Hall of Supreme Harmony has 72 pillars with a diameter of 1 m, among which 6 are dragon pillars coated with gold powder around the throne. There are painted gold pillars and exquisite dragon caissons in the hall. In the middle of the hall is the symbol of feudal imperial power-the golden throne of Qi Diao Dragon, which is located on a 2-meter-high platform in the hall and houses the golden throne of Qi Diao Dragon. There are exquisite cranes, stoves and pots in front of the throne, and a carved dragon screen behind it. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest wooden structure building in the Forbidden City, the most spectacular building in the Forbidden City and the largest wooden structure building in China. The whole hall is resplendent and magnificent. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the place where the emperor held important ceremonies. That is, the emperor ascended the throne, birthdays, weddings, New Year's Day and so on are celebrated here. Zhonghe Hall (called Gaihua Hall and Relay Hall in Ming Dynasty) is one of the three halls in the Forbidden City and the smallest one in the outer court, located behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Zhonghe Hall is 27 meters high, square in plane, three rooms wide and deep, with cloisters all around and brick floor, with a building area of 580㎡. The yellow glazed tile has a pyramid-shaped roof with a single eaves and four corners, with a gold-plated top in the middle. The top of the four ridges gather into a pointed shape, and the spherical treasure top is covered with a bronze tire, which is called the quadrangular pointed shape in architectural terminology. Zhonghe Hall is the place where the emperor rested and practiced etiquette before going to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for a ceremony. Before going to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the emperor stopped here for a short time, accepted the salute of cabinet ministers and officials of the Ministry of Rites, and then entered the Hall of Supreme Harmony for a ceremony. In addition, before the emperor worships the heaven and the earth and the ancestral temple, he will also review the "classes" written in the eulogy here, and then look at the farm tools here before going to Zhongnanhai to carry out farming. Inside the Zhonghe Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing

Baohe Hall (called Shenshen Hall and Jianji Hall in Ming Dynasty) is also one of the three halls of the Forbidden City, located behind Zhonghe Hall. Baohe Hall is 29 meters high, rectangular in plan, 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep, with a building area of 1240㎡. Yellow glazed tile double eaves xieshan roof. There is a positive ridge in the center of the roof, with two vertical ridges in front and two vertical ridges in the back. The lower part of each vertical ridge is inclined with a fork ridge, which, together with nine positive ridges, vertical ridges and fork ridges, is called inclined mountain type in architectural terminology. Baohe Hall is the place where the emperor fetes foreign princes and ministers every New Year's Eve. Baohe Hall is also the place where imperial examinations are held. 5, the last three palaces 1) Overview The second half of the Forbidden City building is called the Palace, which is the place where emperors and concubines live and entertain. The dividing line between the former dynasty and the palace is Ganqing Gate, with the former dynasty in the south and the palace in the north. There is a glazed wall around the Gan Qing Gate, which is the seat of the "Imperial Gate" in the Qing Dynasty. Taihe Gate and Gan Qing Gate are both temples. Although they were named doors, in the Ming Dynasty, the emperor handled political affairs in Taihe Gate, and in the Qing Dynasty, the emperor went to Qingmen to handle political affairs. The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, and its east and west wings are East Sixth Palace and West Sixth Palace respectively. It is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs, and it is also the place where the emperor and his queens live and live. The second half is the same as the first half in architectural style. The image of the first half of the building is serious, solemn, grand and majestic to symbolize the supremacy of the emperor. The second half of the palace is full of vitality, and most of the buildings are self-contained courtyards, including gardens, study rooms, pavilions and rocks. Ningshou Palace on the east side of the Forbidden City was built at a cost of1122,000 taels of silver when Emperor Qianlong announced his abdication. 2) Gan Qing Gonggan Qinggong is in front of the inner court of the Forbidden City and behind the Baohe Hall. Gan Qing Palace is the main hall of the palace, 20 meters high. There is a throne in the middle of the double eaves hall, and there is a "fair and bright" plaque inside. This plaque became the place where the names of the heirs to the throne were placed after Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. In order to prevent the princes from fighting for the throne and killing each other, Yongzheng adopted a secret storage method, that is, before he died, he wrote the list of heirs to the throne on paper and put it in a box, one on a "fair and square" plaque, and the other was carried by the emperor. After the emperor died, he opened the box and publicly announced the emperor's heir. There are warm pavilions at both ends of Gan Qing Palace. It is the place where the emperor reads and sleeps. Twenty-seven beds were placed in the West NuanGe of Gan Qing Palace, which was the bedroom of the feudal emperor, and the emperor was free to choose. It is said that this can prevent assassins from stabbing. Before Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, this was the place where the emperor lived and handled government affairs. After Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the emperor moved to hall of mental cultivation, but he still read newspapers, played newspapers, appointed officials and summoned officials here. There are some things around Gan Qing Palace, and there is a hall for storing the emperor's crown, robes, belts and shoes, and a hall for storing books and calligraphy. There is an upper study room for the prince to study, and a south study room for the Hanlin bachelor. 3) Kunning Palace Kunning Palace is behind the "inner court" of the Forbidden City. The double-eaved Kunning Palace is the bedroom of the Empress of the Ming Dynasty, with warm pavilions at both ends. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed into a place of worship. After Yongzheng, Xinnuange was a place where shamans offered sacrifices. Among them, Dongnuange is the bridal chamber of the emperor's wedding, and Kangxi, Tongzhi and Guangxu all held weddings here. 4) Jiaotai Dian Jiaotai Dian is located between Gan Qing Palace and Kunning Palace, which means "harmony between heaven and earth, well-being and happiness". It was built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the third year of Qing Jiaqing (A.D. 1798). It is a square temple with four corners, a gilded dome and dragons and phoenixes. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this hall was the place where the Queen's birthday celebration was held. The queen meets the concubines here. The so-called queen's silkworm-kissing ceremony in Qing dynasty needs to check the preparations for the ceremony. There are also 25 "Bao Xi" (seals) from the Qing Dynasty (now in the Treasure Hall). 5) The six palaces of the East and West are located on the east and west sides of the last three palaces, with a total of twelve palaces, which are the places where the concubines of the Ming and Qing emperors lived. Liu Xi Palace: Taiji Hall, Yongshou Palace, Xian 'an Palace, Palace of Gathered Elegance, Tiaohe Hall; East Six Palaces: Zhongcui Palace, Jingyang Palace, Yan Xi Palace, Yonghe Palace and Ren Jing Palace. These palaces are basically two houses, one palace and two houses. Each courtyard has a hall, an annex hall and a palace gate. Some courtyards also have balconies and back halls. Empress Dowager Cixi once lived in Palace of Gathered Elegance and Changchun Palace. When Cixi was in Palace of Gathered Elegance, she once renovated Palace of Gathered Elegance, making it the most luxurious palace in the East and West! 6) Other areas of the Forbidden City include Nansan Palace, Imperial Chef, Cining Garden, Waidong Palace, Huaying Palace, Shouan Palace, Fu Jian Palace Garden, Shoukang Palace, Gandong Fifth Palace, Wenhua Palace and Wuying Palace. These palace complexes are located on the east and west sides of the main building of the palace, among which the seventh Zhongnan Third Palace and Gandong Fifth Palace are the residential areas of the Prince, Shoukang Palace, Shouan Palace and Cining Garden. Waidong Palace is the palace of Emperor Qianlong.

cultural relic collection

The Forbidden City, one is to appreciate the rich and colorful architectural art; The second is to watch the precious cultural relics displayed indoors. The Palace Museum has a large collection of precious cultural relics. According to statistics, there are 1052653 pieces, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of cultural relics in China. As of June 5438+February 3, 20051,the total number of first-class cultural relics collected by cultural relics collection units of China Cultural Relics System has reached 109 197, all of which have been filed in National Cultural Heritage Administration. Among the 1330 collection units that preserve first-class cultural relics in China, the Palace Museum ranks first with 8273 pieces (sets) and has many unique national treasures. Some palaces in the Forbidden City have set up comprehensive historical art galleries, painting galleries, classified ceramic galleries, bronze galleries, Ming and Qing arts and crafts galleries, sculpture galleries, toy galleries, Four Treasures of the Study galleries, toy galleries, treasures galleries, clocks and watches galleries and cultural relics exhibitions in the Qing Dynasty. They have a large collection of ancient art treasures and are the richest museums in China.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia