Is the Queen Mother of the West shining?

According to the ancient document Shan Hai Jing, its image is a monster with leopard tail and tiger teeth, leading a group of monsters who love to make trouble. Known as the "mother of all animals." It turns out that the Queen Mother of the West is a great god in charge of disasters and punishments. In later novels and operas, she was regarded as the spouse god of the Emperor of Heaven because of her fame, so her image gradually changed into a beautiful lady and became a noble "Queen Mother of the Western Heaven". During the flat peach banquet, immortals celebrated their birthdays in Yaochi, which is also a symbol of immortality. She is the highest and most respected fairy in the heavenly palace. In heaven, she is in charge of the banquets of various immortals, specializing in human marriage and childbirth.

The Queen Mother of the West is the oldest goddess in China (some people thought she was male in the early days, but later her gender was gradually transformed by the people because of her name). As early as the Shang Dynasty in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, she was called "the Queen Mother of the West", and some commentators think that this refers to the Queen Mother of the West. In Shan Hai Jing, an ancient witch book, the Queen Mother of the West appeared as a half-man, half-beast, showing a strong totem color and a certain temperament of a god of punishment and killing.

The Queen Mother of the West was also mentioned in Mu Zhuan, but she appeared more as the leader of a distant alien tribe. The story of the Queen Mother of the West meeting Zhou Muwang and drinking in Yaochi was inherited by later generations. Annals of Bamboo Books and Records of the Historian Zhao both claim to have seen the Queen Mother of the West.

The story of Hanwu, the biography of Emperor Wudi and the novels of the Six Dynasties also share the common plot of Emperor Wudi and the Queen Mother of the West. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a famous emperor who believed in Xiandao in the history of China. On July 7th, he heard that the Queen Mother of the West was going to enter the palace, so he quickly prepared for it. At midnight on July 7th, the Queen Mother of the West arrived at the Palace of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in a Ziyun car. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty welcomed the Queen Mother to the palace, the Queen Mother gave him seven peaches to enjoy (some documents say five peaches). The Xiantao of the Queen Mother of the West is planted in the flat peach garden in Xianshan, Kunlun Mountain. It only bears fruit once every three thousand years, which has the effect of bringing the dead back to life and living forever. It is said that just eating a peach can prolong the life span of 3000 years.

According to the development of primitive religion, the image of the Queen Mother of the West should be developed from the image of a priestess in ancient witchcraft ceremonies. In the matriarchal clan period of primitive society, the position of priest was held by the female elders in the tribe. She became the supreme authority of the tribe, the spokesperson of the gods of heaven and earth, and was responsible for presiding over sacrifices. In ancient times, sacrifice killing was an important content, and the work of sacrifice killing was done by priestesses-this is also an important reason why the Queen Mother of the West was regarded as a god of death.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the belief in the Queen Mother of the West once again became a folk fashion. After four years of mourning for Emperor Jianping, the people were down and out, and a large number of Kanto people fled their homes. In the process of escape, rice stalks were used as the queen mother of the west and as the incense of the queen mother of the west for protection. After twenty-six years in the county, I went straight to the Imperial Capital and met in the capital, singing and dancing to worship the Queen Mother of the West.

People's sufferings provide people with opportunities to make gods. As the reformed god, the Queen Mother of the West officially ascended the altar. This kind of folk sacrifice was finally officially recognized, and the belief in the Queen Mother of the West became an important folk belief in the Han Dynasty.

This religious fanaticism initiated by the people finally influenced the early Taoism, and the idea of immortality contained in the belief of the Queen Mother of the West also appealed to Taoism for longevity. Therefore, Taoists used ancient witchcraft materials and adapted them to create the well-known Queen Mother and Dong. Then, during the popularization of Taoism, Dong was interpreted as the Jade Emperor, while the Queen Mother was transformed into the Queen Mother.

In recent years, archaeological studies have found that "Queen Mother of the West" may be the name of a tribe in the northwest of China in ancient times, but because of its fierce nature, it was misinformed by the Chinese in the Central Plains as the god of punishment and killing. Some western archaeologists and historians even directly refer to some ancient Qiang and Di tribes as "Queen Mother of the West". There are also studies that the "Queen Mother of the West" is related to Hindu Shiva.

In the Tang Dynasty, Du Guangting's "A Record of Immortals in Yucheng" said: "The golden mother is Yuan Jun, and the nine spirits are wonderful, and the golden mother in Guishan is also. 1 The Golden Mother of Jiuguang Guishan in Tailing, 1 is called the Queen Mother of the West. It is the best in Xihua, and the cave is extremely respectful. " Together with Dong, it is the manifestation of the Yin and Yang qi of heaven and earth, assisting heaven and earth and praising the education. The Queen Mother of the West is also in charge of all the fairies who have attained the Tao. Anyone who achieves immortality should worship Dong first, the Queen Mother of the West first, and then appear before Sanqing. "The basis of suppleness is the element of extreme yin, and to the west of it, the mother raises a group of products. Those who climb the fairy road in heaven, earth, three realms and ten sides are salty. " (Complete Works of Taoist Books in China, 45 volumes, 196 pages)

In fact, among the orthodox Taoist gods, the Jade Emperor and the Empress Dowager are not husband and wife. The Queen Mother of the West is the mother god of congenital yin condensation, and she is the first of all female fairies in the Tiangong. She is "the best in West China, the most respected cave" and is in charge of the fairy mountain in Kunlun. Dong is the first male fairy condensed by the innate yang, who is in charge of Penglai Fairy Island. The Jade Emperor is the head of the immortals and the Lord of the Three Realms. The Queen Mother of the West appeared before the Jade Emperor, so they were not husband and wife.

The mantra of the Queen Mother of the West (Yaochi Jinniang) is: "Hum. The golden mother knows this land. Hey. "

Most of the husband-and-wife stories of the Jade Emperor and the Empress Dowager only appear in novels and folklore. In these legends, it shows that the Queen Mother of the West is the real authority in heaven. He had seven daughters with the Jade Emperor, which are recorded in the literature such as Biography of Immortals, Yucheng Immortals, and The Mirror of the Past. The Emperor of Heaven and the Queen Mother have 24 daughters, five of whom have been confirmed. Details are as follows:

The fourth woman-named "Hua Lin" and nicknamed "Mrs. Antarctic King".

The thirteenth woman-named "Melanie" and nicknamed "Mrs. Right King".

The twentieth female-named "Qing E", nicknamed "Mrs. Wang Ziwei".

No.23 female-named "Yao Ji" and nicknamed "Mrs. Yunhua".

The 24th female-Wan Luo, posthumous title's "Mrs. Wang Taizhen".

It is recorded in "Daozang Daoji": "The Empress Dowager was sitting in the temple, dressed in gold and humiliated, with bright literary talent and elegant appearance. Her spirit was flying in a big ribbon, her waist was adorned with a viewing sword, and her head was crowned with a morning tassel. Observe that the 30 A's in a year are very short and beautiful.

Shan Hai Jing? "Xishan Jing" says: "The Queen Mother of the West lives on the Jade Mountain, looks like a human being, and the leopard's tail and tiger's teeth are good at whistling, and she is full of success, which is the strength of the company's five disabilities. It means that the Queen Mother of the West is roughly like an individual, with a powerful appearance, and is a monster in charge of disaster (plague) and punishment. According to the legend of immortals, the Queen Mother of the West was born in the most wonderful gasification in western China. She and Dong share the immortal books of men and women in the three realms of the world, which are in harmony with the West. Her deity is second only to Sanqing, which is very noble. The Queen Mother of the West, a lofty Taoist goddess, gathered the wonderful breath of Western China and was born in Yichuan, Shenzhou. She first lived in the west, was the master of yin spirit and yin qi, and was the supreme of cave yin. The ancients paid attention to contrast, but Dong was actually a fictional fairy position to enjoy the Queen Mother of the West.

Yaochi Jinniang Xianju lives in the Rocky Mountains in the west of China, and its first main temple is located in Huishan, Jingchuan County, Gansu Province. It can be seen that the sacred place of Jinniang Xianju in Yaochi should not be outside Gansu. Xianju Sanctuary is very accessible to people, and it is rare for the ancients to see the sacred face of Yaochi Jinniang. The description of Jin Niang's fairy posture and dress is elegant and dignified. The Queen Mother of the West lives in a hanging garden on Kunlun Mountain, which is called Lang Feng Garden. There is a nine-story jade building with a jade pond on the left and green water on the right. There are five daughters (see the daughter of the Queen Mother) named Hua Lin, Melanie, Qing E, Yao Ji and Yu Ai.

The queen mother has a treasure, that is, she eats fairy peaches (also known as flat peaches), which bloom once every three thousand years and bear fruit once every three thousand years. Eating it can prolong life. Whenever the flat peaches are ripe, the Queen Mother will call the immortals to hold a grand birthday party, which is called "Yaochi Juqing". Therefore, people regard the Queen Mother as a symbol of immortality. In myths and legends, Chang 'e stole the elixir from her husband Hou Yi and flew to the moon. The Queen Mother of the West is in charge of the West, and all fairy girls in the sky or on the earth are under her control. Together with Dong, she governs the two great vitality of the East and the West and educates the world and everything. The heavenly queen claims to be the daughter of the heavenly emperor, who is the floorboard of the gods. According to the Book of Rites, Di Qing, Chi Di, Huangdi, Bai Di and Hei Di are all called Heaven Emperor. In the Biography of the Queen Mother of the West, it is mentioned that the golden mother and the carpenter * * * are in charge of Yin and Yang, raising heaven and earth, and pottery is everything. All the fairies in the three realms and ten squares are under their jurisdiction.

"Fairy Biography" records: "The Queen Mother of the West, that is, the Golden Mother of Guitai, is Xihua's highest respect for Miao Dongyin. Yu was born in Yichuan, Shenzhou. His common surname is Hou or Yang, and he is afraid to return. The word is graceful and graceful, and the word is too empty. "

"Biography of Grand View Garden in Historical Records" records: "In ancient times, there was a fairy of the Queen Mother of the West, surnamed Yang, or surnamed Hou, whose name was Hui. One is Wan Yi who lives in Kunlun. 」

According to the Taoist scriptures, "The Empress Dowager was sitting in the temple, wearing a golden sash, brilliant literary talent, graceful manners, a flying ribbon, a beautiful sword around her waist and a crown of morning tassels. After observation, she is thirty years old, short, graceful and beautiful.

"The Three-hole Classic of Taoist Collection" records: "The Queen Mother of the West, who has the spirit of the Moon, has a natural surname, the word Junsi, and has jurisdiction over Kunlun and Beidou." Queen Mother Lexi is the fourth immortal, second only to Dong.

"Seven Signs of Yun Qi" records: "There are nine spirits on the platform of the sacred white jade turtle, which is too real and not the Queen Mother of the West".

The Record of True Immortals in the Early Yuan Dynasty: ... After two robberies, a jade girl in Taiyuan was born in a pool of blood of a stone stream. She is eloquent, full of human figures and wonderful natural gestures, and often swims between thick places, sucking Tianyuan and calling herself the Virgin of Taiyuan. ..... Notre Dame de Taiyuan gave birth to thirteen emperors, and he was thirty-six thousand years old. The book is called Fusang the Great and Dong, and the book is called Daddy Yuanyang. She gave birth to another nine-light Xuan Nv, the Queen Mother of posthumous title, and the Queen Mother of the West. Jiuguang Xuan Nv and Taiyuan Jade Girl (the Virgin of Taiyuan) are not a god, and Taiyuan Jade Girl is the mother of Jiuguang Xuan Nv.

Shang Gao Jade Emperor Collection Classics: Jade Emperor is a Taoist body, a powerful and immortal supreme dharma body in a vacuum. Jinchang students will rise to the other side, teaching methods will be popularized, and cultivation will come true. "

According to Ge Hong's famous book Book in Pillow in his later years, the highest and first god in Taoism is Yuan Shi Tian Zun (also known as Pangu). He existed before the creation of the world, and lived in Yujing Mountain in the center of the sky after the creation of the world. In addition, the natural gas knot has become another statue of Taiyuan Goddess (Jade Girl in Taiyuan), the descendants left by the Yuan God and Taiyuan Goddess, one is Dong Fusang the Great, and the other is the Queen Mother of Taizhen (Queen Mother of the West) Jiuguang Xuan Nv. Later, the Qing school and others attached great importance to the Queen Mother of the West, and later Taoism appeared a Sect that respected the Queen Mother of the West.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The record of the Queen Mother of the West first appeared in the Classic of Mountains and Seas: the Queen Mother of the West, the head of the female fairy, was condensed by innate Yin qi, and all the people in heaven, earth, three realms and ten parties, as well as all the women who achieved immortality, were under the jurisdiction of the Queen Mother of the West. It also records that when the Yellow Emperor in ancient times crusaded against Chiyou's violence, Chiyou was changeable, called for wind and rain, blew smoke and sprayed medicine, and the Queen Mother sent Xuan Nv to send nine gifts to the Yellow Emperor's three palaces and five senses, the strategy of Yin and Yang, the skill of Taiyi to take off his armor and six chivalrous men, the machine of the Yin character, and the five spells and five victories of Lingbao. The Yellow Emperor then conquered Chiyou in central Hebei. After Yu Shun acceded to the throne, the Queen Mother sent envoys to give Bai Yuhuan, Bai Yuyan and a map, and Shun expanded the Yellow Emperor Kyushu into twelve states.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas once described the Queen Mother of the West as "leopard-tailed and tiger-toothed, good at whistling and prosperous in Dai Sheng". At first glance, the Queen Mother of the West is simply an alien thing that is half man and half beast.

Historical Records Zhou Benji: "In the seventeenth year of Mu Wang, I went hunting in the west and saw the Queen Mother of the West". Guo, a scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, commented: "The queen mother of the West is also the king of the West."

"Huang Zhongjing" says: "There are copper columns in Kunlun Mountain, which rise into the sky, so-called Tianzhu. Fiona Fang is three thousand li, which is a shortcut. There is a stone room under it, square hundred feet, and the immortal nine houses rule it. There is a big bird in the sky, named you, flying south, covering Dong Zhang and the Queen Mother with his right wing. There is no feather in a small place on the back, 19 thousand Li. The Queen Mother climbed her wings at the age of eighteen and went to Dong Wang Gong. " Mother and son have gone on a trip.

According to the museum, there are peach trees in Yaochi, which are "three thousand years old". There are three worlds and ten parties in heaven and earth, and all the daughters who have achieved immortality are under the jurisdiction of the Queen Mother of the West.

"Yucheng Fairy Record" contains: "The golden mother is Yuan Jun, and the nine spirits are wonderful. Kim Kyoshima also. No.1 Tailing Jiuguang Guitai Golden Mother, No.1 Yue Wangmu, the strangest in West China, the cave is extremely respectful. In the past, when the spirit was quiet and the body was inactive, if you want to enlighten Gong Xuan and biochemical everything, you must first turn it into a wooden male with Donghua Qi. Mu Gong was born on the blue sea, with a weak atmosphere in the market, and was born with a harmonious atmosphere, also known as the king. With the wonderful breath of the west, the golden mother was born. Jin Mu was born in Yichuan, Shenzhou, and her surname is Gui. She was born and flew. She is also called the Empress Dowager, because she dominates the spirit of Yin, and she is in charge of the West. She is quite large and mysterious in the west, divided into alcohol and essence, forming one gas, and managing two gases with the East Queen Mother. The source of body suppleness is Yuan Yin, which is matched with the West, and the mother raises group goods, and the daughter of the celestial enlightenment is salty. I live in the Quegong of Mangshan Mountain in Guishan. Lang Feng Garden Kunlun Xuanpu has Jincheng Qianzhong, Lou Yu No.12, Qionghuaque, Guangbitang, 9-story Xu Antai, Zicuidan Room, Yaochi and Cuishui on the right. The water below the mountain is weak, and Hong Tao is towering, within reach of the feather wheel. The so-called jade que? Heaven, Qingtai clouds, the words of the green forest, the room of Zhu Xi, Zhang, the bright moon, Dai Huasheng, Pei Ling Zhang, the left maid fairy, the right maid feather boy, the treasure cover stepping on the screen, the feather pavilion shade, the white ring tree planted under the porch, the forest of Dangang is blue, and the silent god of Yao Gan rhymes. ……"

In a large number of literary works, there are many descriptions of the Queen Mother of the West. She is the "Yaochi Jinniang", who pioneered the cultivation of flat peaches and matured in 3,000 years. Whenever the flat peaches are ripe, the Queen Mother of the West will hold a birthday party, and the fairies will come to congratulate her. There is a wonderful description in Journey to the West, Wu Cheng'en.

Because she lives in Yaochi, she is also called the Virgin of Yaochi. The Queen Mother of the West held a flat peach pageant in Yaochi to entertain immortals from all walks of life, only to be disturbed by the Monkey King the Monkey King Po Hou. The flat peach planted by the Queen Mother of the West is the most magical. It's a fairy tree, a fairy root. Small peach trees have been boiled for three thousand years. People's eating exercise is light and immortal. Ordinary peach trees are only cooked once in 6000 years. When people eat them, they soar in the daytime and live forever. The best food is cooked in 9000. People eat it with heaven and earth, with the sun and the moon.

The Queen Mother of the West is the most revered goddess in the Heavenly Palace, and is in charge of the marriage and childbirth of the three realms. In the ancient books of Taoism in China, it has been recorded many times that the Queen Mother of the West sent messengers down to earth. She sent her apprentice Xuan Nv for nine days, helped the Yellow Emperor defeat Chiyou, sent a map of the world to Shun Di to rectify the country, and sent a 23-year-old lady Yunhua (Yao Ji) to help Dayu control water. Those lucky enough to see the holy face are famous for their filial piety, Mu who went to Yaochi to worship his mother, and Emperor Wudi, a good fairy.

In Mu's biography, there is a story about Mu sleepwalking meeting the Queen Mother, who is not a god, but a queen.

"The Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" said: "On the seventh day of July, the Queen Mother ordered to set up her own kitchen. Seven peaches are packed in a jade plate, which is as big as a goose egg and round You Lan in color. The queen mother gave the emperor four, ate three, and left seeds for planting after eating. The queen mother said that this kind of peach could not bear fruit for three thousand years, and the middle land was thin and could not be planted. " At this time, the Queen Mother of the West was a beautifully dressed queen. She went to the temple to meet thousands of immortals and looked like a fairy leader. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism rose, praising the Queen Mother as a god and listing her as one of the seven saints. It was said that the Queen Mother was the daughter of the first Taoist god, Yuanshi Tianzun, and all the women in the three realms and ten squares were subordinate to the Queen Mother. Others are regarded as the mother of Buddha from the beginning, similar to the empress dowager, and have the supreme power to dominate the universe. The Queen Mother of the West, worshipped in many places, is surrounded by six wives, two givers, two promoters and two people who cure plagues and rashes. She is a kind and supreme god.

"The History of the Road in the First Century" records that these two days were inseparable, and moths were in the HarmonyOS system, and they were not formed. Heaven and earth are finally shaped like chickens, and there are real Pangu (Yuan God) and the essence of heaven and earth, which have been swimming in since the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. After the four robberies, the shape of the sky is like a huge cover, with nothing above and nothing below. Beyond heaven and earth, there is no sound, no vitality, no water-like shape, no mountains, no stars on it, the accumulated gas is firm and powerful, and the world floats in it. Without this spirit, heaven and earth would not have been born. The sky is like a dragon, turning back to the clouds. After the four robberies, the second instrument began to divide, with a distance of 36,000 miles. The cliff stone bleeds into the water, and the aquatic protozoa drawn from the shore only need to be born, just need to be born with dragons. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the heavenly king was named Yujingshan, and the palace in the mountain was decorated with gold and jade. He often sucks in the weather and drinks ground spring water. After two robberies, he suddenly gave birth to a girl named Taiyuan Jade, covered in blood and in a stone flow. He can keep his word. When he traveled in a thick place, he sucked up the weather. At this time, the Notre Dame of Taiyuan, posthumous title (the mother of the Queen Mother) and Yuan (the beginning of Yuan Dynasty) were both full of qi, yin and yang were harmonious, there was no heat or cold, the sky was high and the clouds were light, and the ground was calm, no longer breathing, and the declaration and qi were combined, which naturally and fully complemented each other. So much for the prosperity of the avenue. It is solid and immortal.