What problems should be paid attention to in housing greening?

First, the landscape trend of modern residential areas

1、"? People-oriented? ”？ Ideological orientation?

As the living environment of urban residential areas, the first thing to understand is the requirements of residents, that is, the greening and beautification of modern residential areas should consider the requirements of residents' life and leisure to the maximum extent. The improvement of the quality of life demanded by modern people revolves around material life and spiritual life. Today, when material life is satisfied and spiritual life is gradually enriched, people will pursue a healthier and more friendly environment. In the greening of modern residential areas, we should not only consider the elements of beauty, but also fully consider the main body in modern residential areas? ——? People's needs, only by understanding this demand, and then designing from this demand, and carrying out necessary aesthetic treatment, can we achieve the satisfactory effect of residents. What should be done for a community design that can meet the practical and aesthetic principles? "? People-oriented? ”？ Based on this ideology, we should consider comprehensively from the standpoint of human beings and realize the harmony between man and nature. The harmonious development between man and nature is a trend of urban development today, which is correct now and for a long time to come.

In 1990s, especially in recent years, with the vigorous development of real estate development industry, people's increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasing requirements for living environment, more and more people began to emphasize a new selection criterion in the process of choosing housing: landscape environment, that is, whether the natural landscape and human landscape around residential areas are rich, harmonious, full of green and vitality. This ecological concept of modern living has injected new contents into the environmental design of residential quarters, and at the same time put forward higher requirements for the environmental design of residential quarters. Today, people's housing consumption tends to be more rational and idealized, and people pursue high-grade ideal homes. The comprehensive environment of residential areas is more and more dominant in people's minds, and the green space of residential areas is an important part of the comprehensive environment. Therefore, the importance of greening planning and design in residential areas has been paid more and more attention, and the environmental design of residential areas has also entered a stage of steady development.

2. insist? "? Sustainable development? ”？ What is the development direction of ecological park?

18? Since the 20th century, all countries in the world have taken the degree of industrialization as the standard to measure their economic strength, namely? "? Let go of the pursuit? GDP？ Is growth regarded as the only goal and driving force for building a strong country? ”？ Under the guidance of these concepts, human beings have caused endless damage to nature. However, mankind soon saw their negative influence on the world. 1972? When was the Declaration on the Human Environment adopted? 1982? In Our Common Future, the concept of sustainable development was clearly put forward for the first time. "? It not only meets the needs of contemporary people, but also does not harm the development of future generations' ability to meet needs. ？" "? Sustainable development? " ? The direct embodiment of the theory that attracts great attention from all walks of life and is used to guide the greening of urban residential areas is the emergence of green landscape in ecological residential areas. According to the principles and methods of landscape ecology, the spatial structure of landscape elements such as corridors, mosaics and substrates should be rationally planned, so that the number and spatial distribution of landscape elements are reasonable and the information flow, logistics and energy are smooth. Landscape not only conforms to ecological principles, but also has certain aesthetic value, which is suitable for human settlements. ?

3. The healthy concept of modern residential landscape?

2002? In, Zero Survey Company conducted a market survey in China. "? What do you want most? ?" ? Some respondents? 70%? The people above chose? "? Healthy? ”？ . It can be seen that modern people pay more attention to health than ever. According to the World Health Organization's definition of health:? "? Health means that people are completely in good condition physically, mentally and socially. ?" ? Comfortable, convenient and pleasant modern residential areas can not be achieved by planting trees, grass, placing sculptures and setting seats, nor can they be measured by building density, floor area ratio and greening rate. The comfort of residential area comes from the rationality of its function and the effective organization of space, and from creating a good humanistic environment for the city. Surrounded by huge work pressure, monotonous life content and complicated interpersonal relationships, it is difficult to keep healthy and have a sense of health. Therefore, designers who attach importance to environmental issues should strive to create a living environment more suitable for modern people, get out of the simple pursuit of artistic form and vision, and pay attention to the regulatory role of ecology on people's body and mind. The planning of garden green space in modern residential areas should take residents' safety, sanitation, neatness, reducing heat island effect and improving urban microclimate as the starting point, and create a comfortable, beautiful, healthy and natural living environment by building high-quality green space environment. Introduce nature into modern residential areas and every household, and make comprehensive consideration, scientific demonstration and reasonable planning with the theories of landscape, behavior, ecology and aesthetics, so as to provide people with a good modern living environment. ?

Second, the space problem of modern community greening?

1, make full use of space to expand the green area?

In the process of community greening, the standard of green area is stipulated, and the community greening should be guaranteed? 35%? Higher than the greening rate, and the greening rate of the green space itself is greater than? 70%? In other words, the hard landscape in green space, including roads, ground, architectural sketches, fountains, sculptures and other areas can only be controlled in? 30%? Within, this number should be as small as possible. Although the greening quality of a residential area can not be reflected by simple figures, designers must seriously think about it in order to have more greening area. ?

With the improvement of living standards, cars will eventually become people's means of transportation, and garages must be built for residents' cars. In design, the garage can be turned into underground or a three-dimensional parking lot, which has several advantages: one is to reduce noise, and the other is to increase traffic safety. Through this design, the limited non-renewable land in the community can be used for greening outdoor activities to the maximum extent, which is more in line with the requirements of modern community design. ?

In the planning and design of residential buildings, the bearing capacity and leakage prevention of roof greening should be considered. The house designed in this way can green the roof and walls according to the actual situation, achieve the six-sided greening effect of the space, improve the living environment to the maximum extent, and make the residents closer to nature. For example, Riverside Garden, one of the five luxury houses in Shanghai, has formed a complete green chain of roof greening, vertical greening, indoor greening and ground greening, and has become the representative of Suzhou Riverside Green Belt. ?

Because the relative floors of the current houses are relatively high, when overlooking the greening of the community, we should not only consider the residents of the low floors, but also consider the landscape feelings of these middle and high floors. Therefore, designers should give full consideration to the sense of overlooking of residents with higher floors when greening and beautifying residential areas. ?

2, the transformation of the original state of the community?

At the beginning of construction, some residential areas usually just look at the terrain and then level the land, and then build and afforest on the leveled land. This completely destroyed the original local characteristics. At the beginning of community construction, we should fully examine its present situation. During the construction period, the local natural relics and ancient and famous trees should be properly protected and utilized. Because natural relics and ancient and famous trees are symbols of historical and cultural accumulation, under conscious protection, they can reflect the cultural atmosphere of a residential area and show the characteristics of the residential area, which is conducive to improving residents' health awareness. ?

3. Design of outdoor spaces such as landscape roads, sculptures and fitness facilities in residential green space?

When designing landscape roads, sculptures and fitness facilities, we must comprehensively consider the scale of buildings, landscape sketches and trees and quantify them reasonably. Everyone needs a moderate outdoor space. While increasing the green area as much as possible, we should consider everyone's participation in the garden. Because the green space without human participation and perception is pale, meaningless and tasteless. Community green space needs to be public, open and participatory. To meet this demand, it is necessary to gather residents in the community green space as much as possible, which is also often discussed now? "? Habitat? ”？ With what? "? People get together? ”？ problem Outdoor spaces such as landscape roads and fitness facilities are reasonably distributed in the green space. "? People get together? ”？ The needs of. ?

Thirdly, the choice and configuration of plants in the landscape of modern residential areas.

When choosing green vegetation in modern residential areas, we must pay attention to residents' preferences and choose plants that residents like to see and hear. Based on the health concept and consciousness of modern residents, non-toxic trees and shrubs must be selected for the greening of residential areas, and medicinal, health-care and aromatic plants with beautiful appearance, fast growth and extensive management can be selected for the greening of modern residential areas, which is not only beneficial to human health care, but also can regulate body and mind and beautify the environment. Trees, shrubs and flowers such as Cinnamomum camphora, Ginkgo biloba, Cedar, Cypress, Podocarpus, Cedar, Loquat, Ficus carica, Michelia, Peony, Ophiopogon japonicus, Hemerocallis, Hosta, Iris, Reineckea carnea, Belamcanda, and Chrysanthemum indicum. While giving priority to healthy plants, we should also pay attention to plants with longer flowering period and better leaf color, such as Malus pendula, Malus carica, Bauhinia, Eucommia ulmoides, Sakura, Germany, Snowflake, Huangxin, Admiralty, Yingchun, Tang Di, Wei Zi, Jinsimei, Gardenia, Osmanthus fragrans, Acer negundo, Chimonanthus praecox and so on. ?

When arranging plants in residential areas, we should also pay attention to their hierarchical collocation. Using the mixture of arbor, shrub and ground cover, four levels of high, middle, low and ground cover are configured to divide and connect the space, and the space has a more natural rhythm through each level. In this level of collocation, it should be noted that the ratio of trees to shrubs is about? 1? :? 3—6? Is the lawn area (excluding the projection range of trees and shrubs) not higher than the green area? 30%? In addition, we should pay attention to the richness of plant species. While paying attention to the use of color block combination, the community should completely abandon the misunderstanding of large color block landscaping in the past. However, the treatment of color blocks still plays an important role in gardens. When the color blocks are arranged, the colors are concise and bright, and various figures and patterns can be made at will according to the requirements of designers; The pattern shape of color blocks can achieve the fastest molding effect and meet the requirements of rapid greening and beautification; Maintenance is relatively simple, and good greening effect can be achieved only by frequent intermittent pruning after one molding; As long as the color-leafed tree species are reasonably selected, the color blocks can remain basically unchanged in all seasons. More importantly, the design of the color blocks is more in line with the aesthetic concept of modern people, especially in European architectural communities, and the environment is more harmonious; It is easy to make people feel that the environment is neat and orderly, with a strong modern atmosphere. Reasonable use of color blocks can attract people's attention to the greatest extent. At present, the common color block combinations are: the red block is red Berberis and red maple; The green blocks are Euonymus japonicus, Euonymus japonicus, Euonymus japonicus and Rhododendron; Yellow blocks include Ligustrum lucidum, golden coral and boxwood in Phnom Penh; There are also red and green grass, snow chrysanthemum and other herbal flowers.

There should not be too many kinds of plant materials to avoid monotony. Efforts should be made to form characteristics with plant materials and make changes in unity. On the basis of unified tone, each group and each green space has its own characteristic tree species, such as Yulan Garden, Gui Huayuan, Lilac Road and Sakura Street. We should also consider the landscape of the four seasons and the effect of early general greening, and adopt the combination of green trees and deciduous leaves, trees and shrubs, fast-growing trees and slow-growing trees, and pay attention to the combination with the general, different tree shapes and color changes. Planting hedges, flowers and turf will make trees, shrubs, flowers, hedges and grass set each other off, enrich and beautify the living environment, thus achieving the purpose of being beneficial to physical and mental health.

Fourthly, the application and development of modern residential waterscape.

Hydrophilia is human nature, so waterscape is a very important and indispensable aspect. The development and utilization of water can not only create a poetic landscape effect, but also use certain means to expand, extend and guide the space. More importantly, according to experiments, residents with waterscape nearby are healthier than those without waterscape. Using the designer's creativity, the content of landscape environment is diversified, thus activating space and creating emotion. ?

Space expansion: large-scale plane space has certain control and space expansion functions in environmental space. On the one hand, the form of water nothingness weakens the spatial boundary, extends the spatial scope and contributes to the expansion of space; On the other hand, the reflection in the water not only brings light wave dynamics to the water surface, but also creates a virtual space on the water surface, resulting in an open and far-reaching feeling. ?

Spatial hierarchy: As a visual object, waterscape has rich visual hierarchy. Its diverse forms and plasticity can be flexibly organized into various points, lines and surface waterscapes, forming a three-dimensional space through different superposition methods; And use the surrounding environment and buildings to block, divide and enrich the space, play the role of point view, contrast view and background, and obtain rich spatial levels.

Extension and guidance of space: small-scale water surface or point-like water features play a role in the environment, forming the visual focus of space, thus playing a guiding role and its layout is more flexible; Moreover, this kind of waterscape is different from a large area of water surface, and it is easier to swim with people directly, which not only enhances the participation and interest in the landscape, but also satisfies people's hydrophilic psychology and enhances people's health concept and health awareness.

With housing construction becoming a new economic growth point, the construction of residential quarters is in the ascendant, attracting countless eyes. As a cross-century residential district, it is far from enough to have basic elements such as convenient transportation, qualified quality and elegant environment. Therefore, the Ministry of Construction put forward the planning requirements of well-off urban and rural residential quarters based on the living standard of 2 1 the beginning of the century, so as to make the future residential quarters more in line with people's ideal homes. So what kind of vision should the residential quarters facing 2 1 century have? This is a question that all developers should ponder deeply. The residential area in Xing Tao involved in this paper is one of the pilot residential areas of the Ministry of Construction. Some ideas and explorations made in the process of residential area positioning and construction are quite modern, far from simply building houses and selling houses, but building a culture and selling a brand-new lifestyle. ?

At present, a large number of overstocked commercial houses cannot be sold because they are far away from the urban areas and lack corresponding supporting facilities and services. In many real estate disputes, more than 60% are caused by the inconsistency between supporting facilities, environment, property management and developers' commitments. The huge investment in the real estate industry makes almost all developers adopt the rolling development method, that is, building a first-phase house to sell a first-phase house, and it is only possible to build supporting facilities when the housing sales rate reaches more than 50%. Therefore, even if it is a well-equipped community, residential buildings should be built first, and then supporting facilities should be built. Although this move has relatively eased the financial pressure of developers, it has brought various inconveniences to many residents who moved in early, the first of which is the problem of children's enrollment, which deeply puzzles many property buyers. Xing Tao Community is located in the north of the satellite city in the south of Beijing, and its location advantage is not obvious. However, the builders of the community are well aware of the importance of education in people's minds, and decide to build schools first, and then build their homes, with education and culture as the guidance and school construction as the driving force for real estate development. They chose two famous schools with the longest history and first-class teaching quality in Beijing-Experimental No.2 Primary School and Beijing No.4 Middle School as partners to jointly build a Xing Tao school with excellent environment and equipment. Covering an area of 5 hectares, with a building area of 29,000 square meters, it can accommodate 1.700 students. It is a boarding school with a high school. There are not only 22 professional classrooms with excellent facilities, sunshine reading rooms, computer network-aided and other excellent teaching facilities, but also modern supporting facilities such as plastic track, indoor gymnasium and light tennis court, which have been built and put into use, attracting wide attention from all walks of life. ?

If children's education is only a part of the factors that buyers consider, then medical care and old-age care are the problems that everyone will face. Residential quarters should establish a people-oriented service consciousness to solve people's worries. In this regard, many foreign experiences can be used for reference, but it is necessary to consider the domestic objective situation and life concept and establish a community medical and pension model with its own characteristics. The Xing Tao community also intends to explore this. After the community is completed, it is planned to introduce "family doctors" to completely update the existing medical concepts and systems. The community will establish a comprehensive online medical file for housing free of charge and contact the big hospital in case of emergency. Provide appointment and timely two-way service and see a doctor at any time. In addition, it is planned to make an active and effective health care plan according to the actual situation of family members. For special groups such as the elderly, children and pregnant women, regular physical examinations and emergency assistance are implemented. Introduce the concept of "psychological consultation clinic" to keep healthy from "inside" to "outside". Considering that China will enter an aging society in the next century, they want to join hands with the Ministry of Civil Affairs to take the lead in launching apartments for the elderly, and plan to build 6 buildings with about 300 households. There will be an elevator in the building. The first suite is about 40-50 square meters, all of which are one-bedroom and one-bedroom suites with complete indoor furniture and electrical appliances. The first floor of each building will be used as an activity functional area for the elderly, with various recreation rooms, reading rooms, restaurants and medical care rooms. Each floor is equipped with a professional service room, which implements hotel-style management and provides all kinds of instant services such as cleaning rooms, washing clothes, delivering meals and newspapers, so as to meet the various needs of the old people and let them really have a happy old age. ?

At present, as a representative of the information age, the Internet has become a booster for economic take-off and social progress. The future era is an era of networking, which will completely change people's existing concept and mode of life. People not only browse and send emails through the Internet, but also a lot of work and communication will be transferred to the Internet, which will affect all aspects of people's work, study and daily life. A modern residential district should provide comprehensive and value-added network services for residents, so that every resident can truly experience the lifestyle of 2 1 century. Such as charging users for water, electricity, gas, parking and other fees through the network; Comprehensively record, manage and serve all kinds of information in the community; 24-hour comprehensive monitoring of various pipelines in the community; Provide users with news, messages, announcements and other information services in the community; Master the information resources of the new world, send and receive e-mails, and exchange information in business, science and technology, academia and other fields; Making international calls through the network, information transmission is fast and cheap; You can also serve the society through online teaching, both inside and outside.

With the rapid development of social economy and the improvement of living standards, people begin to pay more and more attention to their living space and yearn for rural life. When choosing a place of residence, we should not only pay attention to the small indoor environment, but also pay attention to the beauty and freshness of the external environment. Taking Changsha as an example, urban residents who are gradually moving towards a well-off life stage are increasingly demanding environmental quality, and living in a beautiful environment has become the ideal pursuit of people's lives. With the rationality and maturity of people's purchasing mentality, residents' demand for housing has gradually shifted from ordinary housing with "home ownership" to green housing with healthy body and mind. Beautiful landscaping environment has become the most basic element of residential quarters, which is directly related to the overall level and quality of the quarters.

The greening of modern residential areas, as a part of urban gardens, provides a good environment for urban people to live together. Only landscape architects respect the ecological point of view and insist on it? "? People-oriented? ”？ Our guiding ideology is to pursue the harmony between man and nature, make continuous progress, and make the greening of modern residential areas closer to residents and life.

Health concept and health consciousness are the embodiment of the guiding ideology of "people-oriented". With the progress of the times and the continuous improvement of modern residents' health awareness, residents have higher and higher requirements for landscape health issues. Green space in modern residential areas plays an important role in purifying air, reducing noise and beautifying local environment. The planning and design of green space in residential areas will directly affect the environment of residential areas. On the basis of predecessors, this paper puts forward some views of myself and others on plant landscaping in modern residential areas for reference by landscape designers and enthusiasts. The health concept and health consciousness of modern residential landscape create conditions for the unification of social, economic and natural ecosystems in urban modern residential environment construction, and it is also the necessity of the development and evolution of urban modern residential environment in the future.