What were the four academies in the early Northern Song Dynasty?

Hengyang Shigu Academy; Bailudong Academy in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province; Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province; He' nan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy

The four academies in the early Northern Song Dynasty were Hengyang Shigu Academy, Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy, Hunan Changsha Yuelu Academy and Henan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy. Later, on the basis of these four academies, eight academies were extended.

Hengyang shigu academy

Shigu Academy, the first of the four academies in the Northern Song Dynasty, is located in Shigu District, Hengyang City, the second largest city in Hunan Province, with an altitude of 69 meters and an area of 4,000 square meters. Shigu Academy has flourished for thousands of years and enjoys a lofty position in the history of Chinese academies, education and culture.

Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy

Bailudong Academy is located at the foot of Five Old Peaks in Jiangsi, surrounded by mountains and with pleasant scenery. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, he rose to the Yuan Dynasty, where he set up a field to collect disciples and built the Guo Xue of Lushan Mountain. In the early Song Dynasty, it was still called Bailuyuan Chinese Studies. In 977, the imperial court gave it a title.

Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province

Yuelu Academy is located in the east of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha City, Hunan Province, close to Xiangjiang River. Song Taizu Kaibao nine years (AD 976) was founded by Zhu Dong, the secretariat of Tanzhou. Song Zhenzong xianping four years (100 1), the academy gave a plaque. After five years (10 12), the academy developed rapidly and prospered day by day. After Zhu participated in the construction of the academy, the development of Yuelu Academy reached its peak.

He' nan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy

Yingtian Academy, also known as Suiyang Academy and Nanjing Academy. Located in the south of Shangqiu County. Because Shangqiu was called Suiyang in the Tang Dynasty, it was promoted to Yingtianfu in the third year of Jingde in the Northern Song Dynasty (1006) and to Nanjing in the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10/4), and it was one of the four major capitals at that time. Shangqiu is close to Bianshui, with convenient transportation and frequent business trips. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has developed into a cosmopolitan city. Yingtianfu Academy was set up in the bustling downtown area of Shangqiu in Song Dynasty.

The origin of the college

Academy is an ancient educational institution in China, which first appeared in Lizheng Academy in Weizi Town, the eastern suburb of Tang Dynasty. The formal education system was founded by Zhu and developed in the Song Dynasty. At that time, wealthy businessmen and scholars raised their own funds, built study rooms in secluded places in the mountains, or bought school fields to collect rent to supplement their funds. Famous academies in Song Dynasty include Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, and Songyang Academy in Taishishan, Dengfeng, Henan. Shigu Academy in Shigu Mountain, Hengyang, Hunan, and Ehu Academy in Shangrao, Jiangxi. Yuexiu Academy is a government-run academy approved by the Qing court in the forty-ninth year of Kangxi, and it is the first of the four major academies in the Qing Dynasty.

College history

Academy is a unique educational institution in ancient China and an important form of folk education after the Song Dynasty. Although the name of the academy appeared in the Tang Dynasty, the academy in the Tang Dynasty was similar to the pavilion of later generations, not an educational institution. Academy, as a folk lecture base, appeared in the Five Dynasties. During the Northern Song Dynasty, intellectuals, represented by Neo-Confucianism, consciously established academies in order to revive Confucian culture. However, at that time, Confucianism declined and its nature was different from that of academies, which could not provide reference for the construction of academies. Zen forest system has played an important role in maintaining the discipline of Zen forest and provided reference for the construction of academy.