What are the principles of selection and allocation of garden trees?

Selection and allocation principle of garden trees: \x0d\ 1. Meet the ecological requirements of garden trees \x0d\ Various garden trees have different requirements for environmental factors such as light, moisture, temperature and soil during their growth and development. When arranging garden trees, only by meeting these ecological requirements can trees grow normally, be robust, remain stable for a long time, and fully display their design intent. \x0d\ To meet these ecological requirements of garden trees, we must first adapt the trees to the site: that is, select suitable garden trees according to the ecological environment conditions of garden green space, so that the ecological habits required by garden trees are consistent or basically consistent with the environmental conditions of planting areas, so as to adapt to local conditions. Only when the land is suitable for trees can a relatively stable artificial vegetation community be created. The second is to make a reasonable planting structure, including the reasonable planting density in the horizontal direction (that is, the determination of planting points on the plane) and the suitable mixed type in the vertical direction (that is, the vertical level). The determination of planting points on the plane should generally be determined according to the crown width of adult trees; But we should also pay attention to the combination of short-term effect and long-term effect. If we want to achieve the greening effect or moderate thinning in a short time, we should increase the density appropriately. In the vertical direction, we should consider the biological characteristics of garden trees and pay attention to the collocation of different types of plant species, such as light-loving, shade-tolerant, fast-growing and slow-growing, deep-rooted and shallow-rooted, trees and shrubs, etc., so as to create a stable multi-layer greening effect under the ecological conditions of plant species. \x0d\ II。 Meet the functional requirements of garden green space. When configuring garden trees, we should also consider the nature and function of garden green space. For example, in order to reflect the commemoration of the martyrs cemetery, it is necessary to create a solemn atmosphere. When choosing garden tree species, we should choose pine and cypress with neat crown and eternal meaning; In the configuration mode, the opposite planting and decided planting in the conventional configuration should also be adopted. As we know, garden green space has many functions, but as far as a green space is concerned, it has its specific main functions. For example, in street greening, the main functions of street trees are shading and dusting, organizing traffic and beautifying the city. In order to meet this specific functional requirement, when selecting tree species, we should choose tree species with beautiful crown and dense branches and leaves; The arrangement mode should also adopt regular row planting. For another example, starting from its multiple functions, urban comprehensive parks should choose beautiful solitary trees and corollas, as well as large lawns, sparse grasslands and dense forests for collective activities to meet the needs of quiet rest. In a word, the trees and flowers in the garden should meet the requirements of the practical function and protective function of the garden green space to the maximum extent. \x0d\ (1) When selecting tree species, attention should be paid to meeting its main functions. Trees have many functions such as improving, protecting, beautifying the environment and economic production, but the main functions of trees should be highlighted in the allocation of garden trees. Such as street trees, of course, we should also consider the beautiful tree shape, but the main functional requirements are tall and tidy crown, dense leaves, rapid growth, developed root system, strong stress resistance, soil hardening resistance, pollution resistance, less pests and diseases, pruning resistance, strong branching, no rooting and tillering, and long life. First of all, tree species with these characteristics are the first choice for street tree configuration. \x0d\ (2) When arranging garden trees, we should pay attention to the biological characteristics directly related to their main functions, and carefully understand their influencing factors and changing ranges. Taking Yin Tingshu as an example, the shading effect of different tree species is directly proportional to its shading quality and shading width, and the shading quality is directly proportional to crown density, leaf size, texture and leaf opacity. Among them, crown density and leaf size play a major role. Ginkgo biloba, Platanus acerifolia and other tree species have good shading quality, while weeping willow and Sophora japonica have poor shading quality, and the shading effect of the former two is about twice that of the latter two. Therefore, weeping willows and Sophora japonica are generally not selected when choosing shade trees. (3) The health care function of trees is not only different from tree species, but also related to the collocation of tree species and the structure of forest belt. For example, semi-permeable structure is the best choice for windbreak belt, while compact structure is the most effective for dust retention. \x0d\ Of course, if you want to do a good job in the allocation of garden trees, you must first master the biological and ecological characteristics of all kinds of garden trees, first of all, the common and commonly used local garden trees, and the ecological environment characteristics of garden planting areas, so as to further adapt trees to the site, properly match and deal with the relationship between tree species and the relationship between tree species and environmental factors. \x0d\ III。 Considering the artistic requirements of garden green space, garden is a kind of space environment art characterized by natural beauty, which integrates natural beauty, architectural beauty, painting beauty and literary beauty. Therefore, in the arrangement of garden plants, we should not only meet the requirements of the practical function of garden green space and achieve the "green" effect, but also give people beautiful enjoyment according to the requirements of artistic laws, so as to choose plant species and determine the arrangement mode. \x0d\ (1) Generally speaking, the main way of the beauty of garden trees is to give full play to their natural features, that is, to fully embody the natural beauty, and the plant configuration should conform to nature. Artificial plastic trees should only play a decorative role in the garden. The garden green space in society is usually large in area and needs a large number of tourists. Therefore, it is impossible to refine and spend too much labor in management except for key divisions and near the main scene. Therefore, it is required to select tree species correctly and allocate them reasonably, so as to make them adapt to local conditions in biological characteristics and artistic effects and give full play to their specialties and typical beauty. \x0d\ (2) When arranging garden trees, the details should be arranged on the basis of focusing on the overall situation. Usually, the common problem in the arrangement of garden trees is that they pay too much attention to local and details, while ignoring the main arrangement; Excessive pursuit of the collocation relationship between several trees, and less attention to the overall group effect; Too much consideration is given to the shape coordination between trees, but the problems of suitable trees in the right place and the relationship between species are ignored. The result of this is often chaotic and complicated. Therefore, when arranging garden trees, we should focus on the overall beauty and the overall situation, proceed from the natural environment and objective requirements of garden green space, make appropriate tree species planning, and finally arrange the collocation relationship of tree species according to the details. \x0d\ (3) In order to meet the artistic requirements of garden green space, the following considerations should be paid attention to when selecting plant species: \x0d\ 1, determining the key plants in the whole garden and the main plants and mixed plants in each district, so as to obtain diverse and unified artistic effects. Diversity and unity are the basic laws of formal beauty. In order to form a colorful and unified effect, the garden layout mostly adopts partition design. When selecting tree species in plant configuration, we must first make sure that there are one or two tree species in the whole garden as the keynote tree species, so that they are widely distributed in the whole garden green space; At the same time, it is also necessary to choose the main melody tree species of each division according to different divisions to form different landscape subjects of different divisions. For example, Guan Yu Park in Huagang is divided into five scenic spots according to the scenery. When selecting tree species, peony garden scenic spot is the main tree species, and azalea is the supporting tree species. Fish pond scenic spots are dominated by begonia and cherry blossoms; Albizia Albizia and Cedar are the main tree species in the big lawn scenic area. Lagerstroemia indica and Hongfeng are the main tree species in Huagang Scenic Area. Magnolia grandiflora is widely distributed throughout the park. In this way, the whole park is rich and colorful because of the different main tone tree species in each scenic spot, and coordinated and unified because of the consistent main tone tree species. \x0d\ 2。 Pay attention to the choice of ornamental plants in different seasons to form a time-series landscape that changes with the seasons. Plants are the most important elements in the garden green space. With the change of plant phenology, their shapes, colors and scenes are different, resulting in seasonal changes of garden scenery. Therefore, when arranging plants, we should make full use of the changes of plant phenology and form a garden art landscape with four seasons characteristics through reasonable layout. In the planning and design, the garden trees can be arranged in sections or sections to highlight the plant landscape in a certain season and form different seasonal characteristics, such as spring flowers, summer shade, autumn colors and winter postures. In major scenic spots or key areas, there should be four seasons to enjoy; In an area dominated by landscape in one season, plants in other seasons should also be considered to avoid monotonous scenery or no scenery to enjoy after one season. For example, Yangzhou Geyuan uses ornamental plants and rockeries in different seasons to form a time-series landscape that changes with the seasons. In Yangzhou Geyuan, spring plum bamboo with bamboo shoots symbolizes spring scenery; Sow Sophora japonica and Magnolia grandiflora in summer with Taihu stone to form a summer scene; In autumn, maple trees and phoenix trees are planted, and Huangshi constitutes autumn scenery; Chimonanthus praecox and Nandina domestica are planted in winter, and the winter scene is composed of snow stones and ice grains. In this way, the four seasons are not only distinct in spring, summer, autumn and winter, but also the four-season landscape is arranged at the four corners of the tour route, thus forming a landscape sequence with four distinct seasons for the ruler-Naoyuan. \x0d\ 3。 Pay attention to the selection of trees and plants with special ornamental effects in shape, fragrance, color and sound to meet the aesthetic requirements of tourists with different senses. People's appreciation of plant landscape often needs the five senses to get different feelings, and there are very few kinds of plants that can meet the pleasure requirements of the five senses at the same time. Therefore, we should pay attention to the rational allocation of different plant species in posture, shape, color, fragrance and sound to meet the needs of different sensory appreciation. Such as cedar, cypress, locust tree, weeping willow, etc. , mainly depends on its shape; Cherry blossom, bauhinia, purple leaf plum, red maple, etc. Mainly admire their colors; Lilac, Chimonanthus praecox, osmanthus fragrans, honeysuckle, etc. Mainly aromatic; "Wanhe Song Feng", "Rain Beats Banana" and Populus davidiana mainly listen to their voices; However, the "thin shadow" and "faint fragrance" plum blossoms have many ornamental functions, such as viewing the shape, appreciating the color and smelling the fragrance. The ingenious arrangement of these plant species in a garden can meet the pleasure requirements of people's five senses at the same time \x0d\ 4。 Pay attention to the selection of traditional garden plants in China, which will make people associate and form a far-reaching landscape effect. Since ancient times, poets and painters have often referred to pine, bamboo and plum as "three friends of the old cold" and compared plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum to "four gentlemen". These are all using the different feelings of the posture, temperament and characteristics of garden plants, that is, anthropomorphizing plants, thus creating infinite artistic conception in limited garden space. For example, Yangzhou Geyuan is named after the shape of bamboo leaves. Plant bamboo in the garden to show the owner's elegant, modest and honest character. Some traditional plant varieties in China also imply good luck. For example, planting magnolia, begonia, peony and osmanthus in the garden shows the owner's financial resources, which means that "happiness will always be rich in spring"; Cooper is arranged next to the crane pavilion in Xiashan, which means "pine crane prolongs life". In the arrangement of garden plants and trees, we can also use the poetry in ancient poetry to create a landscape, thus forming a far-reaching and popular landscape effect. For example, the plum garden design of Suzhou North Temple Pagoda Park is taken from the artistic conception of the poem "The shadow is shallow and the fragrance floats at dusk" written by Lin Hejing Yongmei, a poet in the Song Dynasty. A pond is dug in the garden to build a mountain, plum trees are planted beside the pond, and the artistic conception of ancient poetry is reproduced with the reflection of Baita Temple, which makes people enter the poetic realm. \x0d\ (4) When determining the configuration of garden trees, we should pay attention to: \x0d\ 1. The allocation of garden trees should conform to the overall layout of garden green space and be in harmony with the environment. The overall layout of garden green space can usually be divided into regular, natural and mixed types. Generally speaking, in the conventional garden green space, the central planting, opposite planting, row planting, ring planting, hedge planting, flower beds, flower beds and other conventional configuration methods should be adopted. In the natural garden green space, natural allocation methods such as solitary planting, cluster planting, group planting, forest planting, flowers, natural hedgerows and grasslands should be adopted; In the mixed garden green space, according to the local rules and natural degree of garden green space, regular or natural configuration can be adopted. The allocation of garden trees should also be coordinated with the environment; Usually on both sides of the gate, on both sides of the main road, around the whole square, near large buildings, etc. , often using the general configuration; In the natural landscape lawn, the edge of the pool, the upper part of the hill, the natural landscape forest edge and other environments, natural configuration should be adopted. In practical work, how to determine the configuration mode should proceed from reality, adjust measures to local conditions, make rational layout, emphasize overall planning and coordination, and pay attention to the transition from this configuration mode to that configuration mode. \x0d\ 2。 By using different configuration methods, a rhythmic space is formed, so that the garden space can be gathered and released on the plane, and there are good density and intermittent ups and downs on the facade. The change of plant landscaping in space is the change of space landscape caused by people's viewpoint, sight and vision. The arrangement of plants is like the rhythm of poetry and music, so it must be tortuous and should be called before and after. Plant configuration is reflected in the change of space. Generally, we should pay attention to the distribution density of trees and jungles on the plane, the winding forest edge line and the height change of canopy line on the facade. In the arrangement of garden trees, we should pay attention to opening up the perspective line of the landscape, especially to deal with the quality of near and far viewing and the changes of high and low levels, so as to form the artistic effect of "different near and far" For example, in the cedar lawn of Guan Yu Park in Huagang, Hangzhou, there are five acacia trees clustered in the natural center of gravity of the lawn, followed by African flowering plants, with trees and shrubs at the forest edge as the background. The spatial level is also obvious and rhythmic.