What is a yurt?

Mongolian yurt, a unique Mongolian residence. Its construction method is to bind and fix it with camel rope to form a fixed circular wall. The dome of Taoao is 1.5m in diameter and decorated with exquisite patterns. The top of the bag is conical, usually covered with one or two or even more layers of felt or canvas, and finally covered with a rectangular felt to protect the pottery claw from rain and snow overnight. Kidnapped Hana and Wu Nai in a circle, then put on felt and tied them with wool rope. When disassembled, Hana will be folded into a bundle and can also be used as a board for cattle and carriages. A yurt can only be carried by a two-humped camel or a two-wheeled ox cart, and it can be covered in two or three hours. The shape, outline and proportion of yurts have gradually formed a standardized formal beauty in long-term practice. In recent years, with the development of economy and technology, the structure and materials of yurts have undergone new development and changes. In some areas, yurts with steel frame structure have appeared, and windows have been added before and after the yurts to make the lighting and ventilation performance better. Beds, televisions, radios and other modern daily necessities have also been added indoors. Edit the summary of error correction

Mongolian yurts-overview

Mongolian yurt

Traditional dwellings in Mongolian pastoral areas. In ancient times, it was called vault, also known as felt tent and nomadism. It has appeared since the Xiongnu period and has been in use ever since. The yurt is round, and the surrounding side walls are divided into several pieces, each about 13 meters high, and covered with wooden strips. Most nomadic areas are dominated by swimming. Swimming can be divided into separable and inseparable types. The former is carried by livestock, while the latter is carried by herdsmen such as Niu Cheke, who also live in yurts when they are nomadic. They are easy to step on, carry and install. It is a dome-shaped room with a circular spire on the grassland, which consists of fence, pillar, door, top ring, felt lining, felt cover, leather rope and bristle rope. Muzha, called' Hana' in Mongolian, is a mesh interwoven with thin wooden poles about 2 meters long, which can be extended and contracted. Several nets and bag doors are connected together to form a circular wall frame, and about 60 columns named' Wuni' are connected with the top ring to form an umbrella-shaped skeleton at the top of the yurt. Then the parts are tightly tied together with leather ropes and sideburns ropes, and then the felt made of wool is hung inside and outside and closed, and a yurt with excellent appearance is finished with the equipment. Mongolian yurts can be said to be an expressive creation completed by Mongolian people with the most refreshing wrist and the most material-saving technology. The name yurt comes from Gao Yu. In Mongolian, yurts are called' vorugetaiger', which means a house without windows. In contemporary Mongolian, it is called "Benbugege Day" or "Mongolian Legege Day", which means a round or Mongolian house. In Manchu, the house where the Mongolians live is called "Mongolian Bo", and "Bo" is the interest of "home", and the sound of "Bo" is close to that of "Bao". With the Manchu entering the customs, Mongolian yurts spread as transliteration, which has a history of more than 300 years. Nomadic people must migrate with water grass, and the structural characteristics of Mongolian yurts are completely adapted to this nomadic life. The connection between all parts is excellent and convenient, easy to disassemble and transport, beautiful and applicable. There is no snow on the bag when it snows, and there is no water on the bag when it is washed by heavy rain. The circular structure can also resist storm obstacles. The thickness of felt can increase or decrease with the change of seasons. The blanket at the bottom can be rolled up for ventilation in hot weather. In addition to white, it is decorated with smooth stripes made of red, blue, yellow and other pigment fabrics. It fully reveals that efficacy should be coordinated with aesthetic requirements. [ 1]

Mongolian yurt-the name and origin of Mongolian yurt

The long-term nomadic life in history has made Mongolian herders choose the most suitable residence-yurts. The interior of the yurt is spacious and comfortable. It is wrapped in two or three layers of wool felt with a special wooden frame (supported by a yurt fence), and then tied with a rope made of horse hair or camel hair. Its top is supported by "Wu Nai" and covered with "Blissfulness" to show the sky. Its circular spire has a skylight "Taonao" and is covered with a square wool felt "Wurihe River", which can provide ventilation and lighting, facilitate construction, demolition and removal, and is suitable for rotational grazing.

Mongolian yurts are divided into four hanas, eight hanas, 10 hanas and 12 hanas. 12 Hanas is a large Mongolian yurt, which was rarely seen on the grassland in the past. However, in recent years, it has appeared in the Nadam Conference held by Xilin Gol League many times.

The door of the parcel faces south. In the middle of the set meal is the seat for the elderly or VIPs, in the west is the seat for the guests, in the east is the place where the family sits and cooks, and in the southeast is the stove. At present, most herders have two yurts, one for people and the other for cooking, burning tea and making milk. With the development of production and the improvement of herdsmen's living standards, many herders have now moved into brick houses, realizing nomadic settlement. Mongolian farmers and herdsmen in agricultural areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas generally live in brick-wood houses.

On the vast northern three sides (northeast, northwest and due north), it starts from the Xuefeng Mountain in Altai in the west and reaches the green forest in Xing 'an Mountains in the east. It starts from Lake Baikal in the north and reaches the Great Wall of Wan Li in the south. DuDu used to be a big stage for northern nomads to ride horses, March and graze freely, and the most suitable room for this lifestyle is Mongolian yurts. Yurts or vaults and felt tents. Historical Records-Biography of Xiongnu: "Xiongnu father and son lie in the same dome." In Xue Daoheng's ode to Wang Zhaojun's Yuefu poems in the Sui Dynasty, there is a saying that "Mao Qiu is easy to Luo Qi, and the felt tent is the screen". In the poem of Qiu Chuji, a real person in Changchun, there is also a saying, "Fur is also in bloom". Note outside Heilongjiang: "The national language of Qionglu (Manchu) is called Mongolian Bo, and the popular pronunciation of Bo is Bao". Chinese is both transliteration and free translation.

The formation of yurts has gone through a long historical stage: apes lived in natural caves, and the ancients transformed and used existing caves to live. In modern times, we will make our own "cave", dig a hole in the ground, use things like wood and stone along the wall of the cave to the edge of the cave, then plant a row of wooden poles in the cave, flush with the wooden and stone walls, and then put some crossbars on it to cover it, and it will become a cave-Ulvi. A hole should be left at the top of the hole, and a thick piece of wood should be propped up at the edge of the hole and extended to the bottom of the hole, and then some simple trenches should be carved on it as ladders for people to enter and leave. At the same time, it has many functions such as smoke prevention, ventilation, lighting and ventilation, and later developed into the doors and skylights of Mongolian yurts. Turkic, Manzhouli and Mongolians of Altai language family all call this cave Ulvi. The word ur, which means "dig", is still used in the spoken language of the Mongols in Willat. Nowadays, in the lingua franca of Mongolian, Ulvi has specifically referred to the felt on the skylight of Mongolian yurts, and extended it to mean "home", "household" and "residence". It can be regarded as a legacy of historical traces.

With the transition of primitive humans from gathering to hunting, the range of activities is increasing, and some herbivores are gradually tamed into domestic animals, and the embryonic form of animal husbandry has emerged. This requires a room that is easy to move, so buildings like shacks came into being. If the shack takes a step forward, the scaffolding will become Hana, and when it is combined with the ceiling mentioned above, the prototype of the yurt will be formed.

Mongolian yurt-superiority of Mongolian yurt

When the Mongols were looking for a room suitable for their own life, after thousands of years of exploration, they finally made a unique Mongolian yurt out of wood and felt. Mongolian yurts not only stand the test of nature, but also are very suitable for the production and lifestyle of nomadic people. Suitable for the natural environment of the Mongolian plateau, Mongolians describe their felt bags with sheep bellies, because this is the shape of Mongolian yurts in the 13th century. The top circle of the yurt is sharp, and the middle is wide and round. The following can be regarded as a "quasi-circular" formal feature, so that sandstorms and snow on the grassland, after being buffered by yurts, form a crescent-shaped gentle slope behind them at an appropriate distance. This is because the yurt has no water chestnut, which is smooth and streamlined. The top of the package is arched and has the strongest bearing capacity (such as the arch of a bridge) to form a solid whole. There's a strong wind. It's very strong. The sand above ran away, and the sand below piled up behind. Strong yurts can withstand the ten winds in winter and spring.

The yurt can also withstand the heavy rain on the grassland, which is due to its morphological structure. In the rainy season, the wooden support of the yurt should be relatively "steep" and covered with a top felt, so it is difficult for rain and snow to invade. The top of the bag is round, so the rain can only flow away from the felt at the top. However, the pressure of yurts will increase in rainy days, and it is very common for yurts to bear the pressure of 2000-3000 kg. The reason why Mongolian yurts can bear such great pressure is because Mongolians know mechanics very well and scaffolding is scientific, so they share the pressure.

Mongolia has been extremely cold since ancient times. However, Mongols have lived in yurts for generations and have never heard of freezing. First, there is fire in the bag, and the dung of cattle and sheep is the best fuel. Secondly, in winter, the felt bag is thickened outside, and a layer of felt is tied inside, which has better windproof performance. Third, you can also warm the kang in the bag. How can it be cold with a leather mattress?

Mongolian yurts are warm in winter and cool in summer. Because it is a sphere, it is white and has good reflective effect. Wind windows can also be opened on the back, and the edge of the felt can be lifted. Mongolian people who adapt to nomadic life are nomadic people, engaged in nomadic production, and yurts came into being, which brought great convenience to the free migration of thousands of miles.

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