I want information about flowers.

Many plants will produce bright and fragrant flowers. These flowers are the sexual reproductive organs of plant seeds and can reproduce offspring for plants. Flowers attract insects with their colors and smells to spread pollen. ★ In nature, some plants only have small and lifeless flowers, but they use brightly colored leaves or sepals instead of petals to attract all kinds of flowers (18) to attract insects. ★ Life span of flowers: The plants of Papaveraceae grow very fast, and they both bloom and die within one year, which is called Wedelia trilobata.

"Annual plants." . A poppy can form hundreds of seeds. But not all plants are like this. More plants can live for several years. This kind of plant is called "perennial" ★ Flowers bloom: the bud is a kind of "small suitcase" filled. It is covered with a tough skin, which can prevent it from being hurt. Inside, different parts of the flowers are tightly wrapped, so they only take up a small space. When the bud grows, the flowers spread out inside. Soon, the flowers began to grow very big, the buds couldn't hold on any longer, and then they began to bloom. ★ Pollen allergy: In summer, the air contains a lot of pollen, and some people sneeze after breathing such air because they are allergic to pollen.

★ Epiphyllum only blooms at night, and the flowering time is very short, so there is a saying that it is a flash in the pan. ★ The biggest flower in the world is "Dawanghua". A king flower is about one meter in diameter. Different from other flowers, Dawanghua stinks. The flower of the king is pollinated by flies. ★ Color of flowers: Flowers attract insects with their colors. When a bee or butterfly sees a bright flower, it will fly to it. Colors are like road signs, showing where to find delicious nectar. ★ About pollen: A plant does not develop seeds until two kinds of pollen sacs are combined. A pollen sac called ovule is formed at the bottom of a flower and protected by an ovary. Another kind of pollen sac is called pollen grains. Pollen grains need to combine with the ovules of other flowers, so pollen must be moved from one flower to another. When you see insects flying in the flowers, it's that they are spreading pollen. When the bee comes to the flower, it will get pollen. When it flies to another flower, it scatters some pollen and then gets more. The reward of bees' hard work is that they can get sugary nectar as "wages" ★ Birds of Paradise spread pollen through birds and bats. It is big and gorgeous, and can produce a lot of sweet nectar. Birds of Paradise (Helan)

structure

Regarding the essence of flower structure, the consistent view tends to regard flowers as short deformed branches with shortened internodes, and each part of flowers has the general properties of leaves in morphological structure. Goethe (Goethe 1749- 1832), a German poet, playwright and naturalist, first put forward this view. He thinks that flowers are abnormal branches suitable for reproduction. This view is supported by fossil records and many evidences of phylogeny and ontogeny, which can explain the structure of most angiosperm flowers well, so it has continued to this day. A complete flower consists of six basic parts, namely, pedicel, receptacle, calyx, corolla, stamen group and pistil group. Among them, pedicel and receptacle are equivalent to branches, and the other four parts are equivalent to deformed leaves on branches, which are often collectively referred to as flower parts. A flower that has all four parts is called a complete flower, and one that lacks any part is called an incomplete flower. Various parts of a flower (such as calyx, corolla, stamen and pistil). ) and inflorescence have produced various adaptive variations in the long-term evolution process, thus forming various types. Morphological structure, flower shapes are different, there are about 250,000 angiosperms and 250,000 flower patterns.

kind

Common woody flowers: Chinese rose, Chinese rose classic Mr. Lincoln.

Plum blossom, peach blossom, peony, begonia, magnolia, wooden pen, bauhinia, forsythia, Admiralty, clove, wisteria, rhododendron, pomegranate flower, smiling flower, white orchid, jasmine flower, gardenia flower, osmanthus fragrans, hibiscus mutabilis, Chimonanthus praecox, toothless red, silver bud willow, camellia, and winter jasmine: orchid, corydalis. Water lily, peony, phlox, tuberose, marigold, amaranth, gladiolus, lily of the valley, primrose, rhizoma corydalis, Euphorbia macrophylla, narcissus, Eupatorium adenophorum, papaya, calceolaria and honeysuckle. Eupatorium adenophorum, zinnia, Celosia cristata, sage.

Vegetation process

The period and mode of flower formation (or flower bud differentiation) are determined by the inherent genetic genes of plants. Plants can only become flowers when they complete vegetative growth in some external environment and reach a certain reproductive stage. In most cases, whether plants can become flowers after growing to a certain stage is determined by environmental factors such as light and temperature. Many plants have a certain range of requirements for the relative length of day and night (photoperiod) and the change of temperature. Under the comprehensive influence of these two factors, they enter the reproductive period (see photoperiod phenomenon). Great changes have taken place in meristem cells at the top of prototrophic stem when flowering is induced at the top. At this time, the cytoplasm became obviously thicker, and the original large vacuoles dispersed into many small vacuoles. The number of other organelles, especially mitochondria, is greatly increased, and the respiratory function of cells is enhanced. After that, the number of vesicles increased obviously, and with the increase of nucleus, the volume of nucleolus also increased obviously. In this enlarged nucleus, the ratio of scattered chromosomes to concentrated chromatin in induced meristem is higher than that in vegetative shoot tip. At this time, RNA synthesis is accelerated in the cells of apical meristem, and with the formation of new ribosomes, the total number of protein also increases. In addition, under the stimulation of prophase flowering factors, the cell division of apical meristem is very vigorous, and the mitotic index suddenly rises. After the induction period, DNA synthesis and further mitosis are also stimulated. In this way, the number of cells is greatly increased, thus producing flower primordium. The above-mentioned occurrence process is also known as the flower morphogenesis period. After the apical meristem enters the reproductive stage, the occurrence of flower meristem has obvious morphological changes. These changes are closely related to the cessation of infinite growth in the vegetative stage and the emergence of lateral appendages in various ways. During vegetative growth period, the apical meristem grows upward and widens before the new leaf interval begins. On the contrary, in the process of flower development, with the continuous appearance of floral organs, the area of apical meristem gradually decreases. Some flowers still have some apical meristems after carpels occur, but they stop moving, while others produce carpels from the top of apical meristems. According to different types of flowers, flower organs can be arranged spirally to the top; Or one organ (such as petals) forms one or two rounds at the same level, and then another organ (such as stamens) follows.

Male and female segmentation

A flower has only stamens or stamens: a unisexual flower has only stamens; a male flower has only pistils; a female flower has pistils and stamens: bisexual flowers and male peanuts are on the same plant: bisexual flowers, female flowers and male flowers are born on two plants respectively: dioecious plants.

Flower culture

In December, seasonal flowers and floral flowers are the bells of exquisite beauty of heaven and earth. The embodiment of beauty and flower appreciation lies in understanding their beauty and bones, so that they can wander in the unique charm of each flower and win their interest. The ancients said: "Plum table is clear, Lanting Xiuxiang tea is elegant, Li Xie makes up, apricots are delicate and charming, chrysanthemums are Ao Shuang, narcissus is icy and moist, peony is beautiful and fragrant, Yushu is in the breeze, Jinlian Ran Ran Pond, Dangui is fragrant and fragrant, and Furong Leng Yan Hanjiang River." There are countless legends about flowers, among which the legend of the twelfth lunar month represents flowers and the legend of the flower god in charge of the twelfth lunar month is the most fascinating. The flowers and flower gods in this1February season are somewhat different due to different geographical and personal preferences. The gods of spend december each have a beautiful story. In the first month, there was a saying that Lin Bu, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of the West Lake. He was an official all his life and made a lot of friends, so he was called "Mei Wife Crane". Yongmei's poem "The thin shadow is shallow, and the faint fragrance floats on the moon and dusk" is like a rock-breaking, and it has become a masterpiece of plum blossom, so that the words "the thin shadow" and "the faint fragrance" have become the names that later generations fill in plum blossom words. There is also a saying that plum blossom is a cold early spring, and when snowflakes are fluttering, it is the representative flower of the first month of the lunar calendar. It is as pure as ice and pure as jade, and it stands out from the rest of the world. According to legend, the flower god of plum blossom is Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Song Wudi. On the seventh day of the first month of a certain year, Princess Shouyang went to the plum blossom forest in the palace to enjoy the plum blossoms. She was sleepy for a while and then took a nap under the eaves of the temple. It happened that a plum blossom fluttered gently on her forehead, leaving five petals of light red. When Princess Shouyang woke up, the ladies-in-waiting felt that she was already beautiful, and added a little beauty because of the plum blossom petals, so they followed suit and printed it on her forehead, which was called "plum blossom makeup". The world said that the princess was. In some places, the god of apricot blossoms in February is called Suiren's, and people are taught to cook with the fire of jujube and apricot. In other places, Yang Yuhuan, one of the four beauties, is the god of apricot blossoms. After the Anshi Rebellion subsided, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to move and bury Yang Guifei, and saw apricot flowers under Mawei Slope. Therefore, later generations called Yang Yuhuan the God of Apricot Flowers. In March, the Peach Blossom God said that Yang was one of the Northern Song Dynasty. He defended the frontier for 20 years and repeatedly defeated the Khitan army. It may be that he resisted foreign invasions like mahogany, so he was named the Peach Blossom God. Cui Hu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has been handed down through the ages because of his famous sentence "Peach blossoms still smile at the spring breeze, although people don't know where to go". April Peony Flower God is said to be Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote many peony poems. Peony blooms in April of the lunar calendar. In the Tang Dynasty, people called it "Kao Hua" because of its rich fragrance and colorful branches. To this day, the world still loves its national beauty and fragrance. There are many legends about Peony Flower God, either the story of Di Xin or Li Juan (the favorite concubine of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), but Li Bai is the most famous. On one occasion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei enjoyed peony in Chenxiang Temple. On a whim, they entered the palace with Li Bai and wrote three chapters of "Qingping Music": "Clouds want clothes and flowers to make up, and spring breeze blows the threshold to reveal wealth. If it weren't for Yushantou, I would meet Yaotai under the moon. " "A red dew Ningxiang, sex Wushan waste heartbroken. Who looks like Han Palace? Poor Yan Fei leans on her new makeup. " "Famous flowers pour out their country and appreciate each other, and are often laughed at by kings. Explain that the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion is northward. " The pomegranate flower god in May is commonly known as the pomegranate month in the lunar calendar. Pomegranate flowers in full bloom in May are as bright red as fire, so many women like to wear pomegranate flowers on the temples of clouds to increase their charm. The legend of pomegranate flower god is Zhong Zhen, and May is the most popular season for diseases. Therefore, the "ghost king" in folklore has become the main object of people's belief. Zhong Dao was violent and upright before his death, and vowed to destroy the monsters in the world after his death. Its fire-loving and evil-averse character is just like pomegranate's strong fire-welcoming character, so everyone regards Zhong Zhen, who can exorcise evil spirits, as the flower god of pomegranate. When it comes to Zhang Qian's retrieval of pomegranate from the Western Regions, people all praise Zhang Qian's contribution, so he is honored as the pomegranate flower god. June Lotus God is commonly known as the Lotus Moon in June of the lunar calendar, and the lotus is the lotus. In the blue waves, lotus peanuts are known as "out of the mud but not stained", and their leaves are fragrant, which has been loved by people since ancient times. According to legend, the lotus god is a stone, and once left a trail of picking lotus in Jinfanjing, Suzhou. It is also said that after helping the State of Yue defeat the State of Wu, the King of Yue brought him back to the State of Yue, but the queen, jealous of her beauty, caught him by the river and tied him to a boulder and sank to the bottom of the river. Most people don't believe in dying. It is said that she became a lotus god and lived on an island. Every year at the Lotus Festival, you can see her among the girls picking lotus flowers by the lake. In July, the flower god of hollyhock is hollyhock. These plants are slender and erect. They bloom in late summer and early autumn. Flowers are large, charming and colorful. Among them, hollyhock is also called okra. The Book of Songs mentions eating "Uncle Ling Kui in July", and sunflower refers to Abelmoschus manihot. Okra is a flower that blooms early and falls late. Most people say "yesterday's yellow flowers", based on okra. According to legend, the flower god of sunflower is Li Furen, the favorite concubine of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Li Furen's brother Li Yannian once wrote a very touching song for him, that is, "There are beautiful women in the north, and they are peerless and independent. If you care about the city, you will care about the country, and the whole city and country will lose. " Because Li Furen died very early, and her short and splendid life was like okra, people regarded her as the flower god of July hollyhock. Osmanthus fragrans in August, also known as Osmanthus fragrans and Osmanthus fragrans, was born in the rock collar. The flowers are in full bloom in the axils of leaves, yellow or yellow-white, and the fragrance is very strong. Gui Xiang in August, so August in the lunar calendar is also called Gui Yue. Dou Yujun in the Five Dynasties. He taught his children well, and his five sons are all dignitaries and ministers, so their father and son are known as "an old spirit tree, beside the five branches of Dangui". The other is Shi Chong's beloved wife Lvzhu in the Western Jin Dynasty. She has a beautiful appearance and is good at playing the flute. Sun Xiu, a colleague of Wang Zhao Sima Lun, tried to marry Lvzhu, which led to Shi Chong being killed by Wang Zhao, and Lvzhu fell to the ground. People compare the scattering of osmanthus fragrans to green beads and call her the goddess of osmanthus fragrans. September Chrysanthemum Flower God The late autumn of September in the lunar calendar is the time when chrysanthemums bloom most brightly, so it is also called Chrysanthemum Month. In this gorgeous and fragrant chrysanthemum country, some are elegant and generous, some are flying like dragons, some are magnificent as rainbows, and some are as white as frost and snow, which is quite charming. Tao Yuanming, an idyllic poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote many poems about chrysanthemums. Manglietia in October

Manglietia Manglietia, also known as Manglietia Manglietia, is named after its flower "as bright as lotus", and another flower with white and red color is called drunken hibiscus. Hibiscus mutabilis is a deciduous shrub. After the first frost blooms, you can see it by the river in October of the lunar calendar, with a beautiful face and elegant manners. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan, a great poet of Chu, used Whelan as a metaphor in Lisao. November narcissus narcissus alias golden lamp silver platform Narcissus blooms in winter after Chimonanthus praecox and before Jiang Mei. As the name implies, flowers are green skirts and ribbons, graceful above the clear waves, and plain jasper-like flowers bloom in the rain, super dusty and refined, just like fairies in the water. Because daffodils are born at the water's edge, they are graceful and elegant, just like Ling Boxian, so people regard Luoshen as the daffodil God. The god of wintersweet in December is said to be Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian in Song Dynasty. Because they proposed to change Huangmei into "wintersweet". There are also the following sayings about seasonal flowers and flower gods in December: plum blossom in the first month-Princess Shouyang, apricot blossom in February-Yang Guifei, peach blossom in March, peony in April-Li Bai, pomegranate in May-Zhongdao, lotus flower in June-Xi stone, hollyhock in July-Li Furen, osmanthus in August-Xuhui, and chrysanthemum in September-Tao Yuanming. The orchid in January is Qu Yuan, the plum blossom in February is Lin Bu, the peach blossom in March-Pi Rixiu, the peony in April-Ouyang Xiu, the peony in May-Su Dongpo, the pomegranate in June-Jiang Yan, the lotus in July-Zhou Dunyi, the crape myrtle in August-Yang Wanli, the osmanthus in September-Shi Hong, the hibiscus in October-Fan Chengda, and the chrysanthemum in November-