How to raise potted kumquat trees (knowledge of potted kumquat maintenance)

Kumquat has lush foliage, dark green leaves, golden fruits and overflowing fragrance. It is a precious flower for ornamental leaves, flowers and fruits, and also a traditional ornamental potted plant in China. In winter, put a pot of kumquat in the living room, covered with small golden fruits, which will give people a feeling of exultation and spring. Kumquat, Luofu and Jinban are common kumquat varieties at present.

1. Soil selection and watering

Kumquat is suitable for planting in loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage. The culture soil is made of 40% pastoral soil, 30% humus soil, 20% river sand and 1% cake fertilizer or manure. For mature plants, it is best to use clay pots with a diameter of more than 30 cm, and empty them every year to loosen them several times to increase soil nutrients and maintain good permeability. For growing kumquat, it is beneficial to keep the soil moist. Kumquat likes wet, avoid drought and water accumulation. If there is too little water and the soil in the basin is too dry, it is easy to cause plants to lack water and lead to physiological fruit drop. Too much watering, poor drainage, lack of oxygen in roots, weakened ability to absorb water and fertilizer, leading to suffocation and decay, and finally making plants fall leaves and fruits. Generally, water is poured once a day in sunny days and once every 2-3 days in rainy days. Don't use too much water at a time, as long as the basin soil is wet. Always keep the soil water content between 60% and 80%. Be careful not to spray water when flowering to prevent rotten flowers and affect the results. Dormancy in winter, mainly wet.

2. Rational fertilization

Improper or insufficient fertilization will affect the growth and fruit setting of new shoots, so timely and appropriate fertilization is very important. Spring fertilizer (germination fertilizer) is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to meet the needs of growth and development, and is carried out before germination. Summer fertilizer (bud-promoting fertilizer) is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which is generally applied from late May to early June. In principle, autumn fertilizer (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) is applied in the fruit development period, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in order to improve the fruit setting rate, which is conducive to fruit expansion and quality improvement. Winter fertilizer is generally applied before harvest 10 ~ 15 days, mainly organic fertilizers such as manure, cake fertilizer and compost, and appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer is added, which is conducive to restoring tree vigor and ensuring safe wintering. When conditions permit, topdressing can be applied outside the roots, spraying 0. 1% boric acid and adding 0.5% urea to improve the fruit setting rate. Spraying 0.5% urea and 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in young fruit and fruit expansion stage can promote fruit development and weight gain and improve fruit quality. Spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the slow growth period of spring shoots and summer shoots can promote flower bud differentiation and increase flower quantity.

prune

Kumquat branches are thin and dense, so pay attention to the tree situation. It is necessary to cultivate the happy tree from the seedling stage, and then keep 3 ~ 4 branches on the main stem as the main branches to achieve the effect of controlling the height. In a year, kumquat will produce four buds: spring bud, early summer bud, late summer bud and autumn bud. Full and good spring shoots can form flower buds that year, but the number is small. Early summer branches can form flower buds in the same year, which is the main fruiting branch, and late summer branches can also form flower buds in the same year, which is also the main fruiting branch; Autumn shoots are useless because of their low temperature and poor development when sprouting and branching. Pruning should be carried out in accordance with the above principles. The whole tree will eventually retain 5 ~ 7 main branches, including 3 ~ 4 at the base. Generally, two lateral branches should be cultivated on each main branch, and the spacing should be paid attention to. When pruning, you should first cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, dead branches, branches with no use value, etc. At the same time, measures such as thinning dense branches, shading branches and crossing branches should be taken. Through pruning or removal, the branches in the crown are distributed reasonably, ventilated and transparent, and have excellent fruiting branches. Some weak branches that need to be preserved can be cut from 1/3 to 1/4. Because summer shoots are the main fruiting branches, they should be cultivated and selected as much as possible when pruning.

4. Pest control

The main pests and diseases of kumquat are canker and scab. In addition to strengthening management and pruning, 0.5% ~ 0.8% Bordeaux solution or 500 times solution of 50% wettable powder should be used for control. The main pests of kumquat are scale insects, butterflies, orange aphids, red spiders, liriomyza sativae and so on. Red spider can spray 0.3 ~ 0.5 Baume sulfur mixture, liriomyza sativae can spray 800 times 25% Shenwei EC or 1000 times phoxim, and aphid can spray 10% imidacloprid 1000 times 2000 ~ 3000 times 50% wettable powder.