Wei Zi's feminist speech

1. As we all know, men have more resources to change men and women in society; 2. As we all know, human society has matriarchal society before paternal society; 3. Politics is generally dominated by men, and it is up to men to solve gender equality; 4. Throughout the world, what we see is that men generally hold power; First, statistics; Domestic:; Since 2005, women have accounted for a large proportion of cadres in state organs at all levels; As of 2008, among the leading cadres at the provincial, prefectural and county levels in China, women; Abroad:; In Britain: In Parliament, only 20% of the votes were adopted.

1. As we all know, men have more resources in society to change the inequality between men and women, but the inequality between men and women still exists. Please explain.

As we all know, human society has matriarchal society first, then paternal society, and now it is dominated by men. What will happen if women don't fight for equality between men and women?

Politics is usually dominated by men. If the solution to gender equality depends on men, why have only 26 women been presidents in the world since the feminist movement was launched 100 years ago? Without the feminist movement, there would not even be these 26 female presidents! )

Throughout the world, what we see is that men generally hold power and men and women are unequal. Why is this happening?

I. Statistical data

Domestic:

Since 2005, the proportion of female cadres in state organs at all levels has basically stabilized at around 23%, and the proportion of female cadres at or above the county level has basically remained at around 16.5%. In 2008, the proportion of female leading cadres in the leading bodies of provincial, prefectural and county governments was 93.5%, 90.0% and 90.3% respectively.

As of 2008, among the leading cadres at the provincial, prefectural and county levels in China, the proportion of women was 10.5%, 13.2% and 16.8% respectively. There are "three more and three less" in female leading cadres: "more vacancies and less actual positions; More deputy positions, less chief positions; There are many departments such as education, science, culture and health, and there are few economic and financial departments. " In 2008, the proportions of female cadres at the provincial, prefectural and county levels were 6.8%, 65,438+00.65,438+0% and 65,438+04.9% respectively. -the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) pays attention to women's political rights, and there are fewer and fewer female cadres (A/20/KLOC-/a/20 100628/000562.htm).

Abroad:

In Britain, only 20% of MPs are women, part-time women earn 38% less than men, and full-time women earn less than men 17%. Among retirees, women receive 40% less pension than men.

In the United States, women account for 15.6% of the top executives of Fortune 500 companies.

In France: Women's salary is about 20% lower than that of men. The salary of women under 30 with the same education is 65,438+08% lower than that of men, with a difference of 27% between 36 and 40 years old, 265,438+0% between 0 and 45 years old, and 24% between 46 and 50 years old.

Italy: The salary of female professionals is 9%-27% less than that of men in the same field.

Since the feminist movement developed, only 26 women have served as presidents in the world.

Second, data on women's participation in politics.

Data from the Central Organization Department show that

In 2009, the proportion of female cadres at the same level was 7.3% at or above the provincial level, 10.4% at the prefecture level and 14.8% at the county level.

Previously, according to the data of 2000, among the leading bodies at the provincial, prefectural and county levels, full-time female cadres accounted for 1.7%, 6654, 38+05%, 7.05% and 3.4% respectively.

How many officials are women? 20 12

There are nine women among the party and state leaders:

There are three women ministers in the 27 constituent departments of the Council of State:

3 1 province (autonomous region and municipality) has 7 female provincial leaders:

What is the level of women's participation in politics in China in the world?

China ranks 64th among women in the global parliament.

By 20 12, there are 33 countries in the world, including not only European countries, but also some countries in Africa, South America and Oceania, and the proportion of women parliamentarians exceeds 30%. In addition, in 15 countries, the proportion of women parliamentarians is between 25% and 29.9%. China ranks 64th with 2 1.3%, which is far lower than 1.997 16, and there is still a big gap with the UN's goal of at least 30% women in parliament.

In 20 12, the proportion of female parliamentarians in the global parliament increased by 0. 8 percentage points higher than the previous year, reaching 20.3%. Proportion of women deputies to the National People's Congress

On February 27th, 20 13, a list of 2987 newly elected deputies to the 12th National People's Congress was published, among which 699 were women, accounting for 23.4% of the total number of deputies.

The proportion of women deputies to the 11th National People's Congress is 2 1.33%.

The proportion of women deputies to the Tenth National People's Congress was 20.24%.

The proportion of women participating in and discussing state affairs in China

It is said that women hold up half the sky, but from people's traditional impressions to real data, there is still work to be done to achieve the goal of political equality between men and women. However, a careful study of the composition of the male-female ratio of NPC deputies and CPPCC members shows that the proportion of female delegates is gradually increasing, and some bright female delegates have also left a deep impression on people. Please look at today's data set and analyze the history and present situation of women's participation in politics in China.

Note: Data as of press time.

References:

China Government Network China People's Congress Network China People's Political Consultative Conference Network

The Beijing News "Olive Pattern of Female Officials in China to be Solved"

How much do female senior officials at the provincial and ministerial levels know?

Nanfang Daily "More than 230 women in China are provincial and ministerial leaders"

China Women's Daily 20 12 International Women's Participation in Politics and Its Enlightenment.

——/ NIS/20 1303/08/20448 . html

Third, the birth of the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests in China.

The background of the birth of the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests

(1) International aspects

Since the establishment of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, various specialized agencies have been set up to regularly publish figures and information on the status of women in the world, helping women in various countries to fight for their own rights and carry out a series of activities.

1,1975-1985 was designated as the international year of women. Its main purpose is "equality, development and peace". The purpose is to promote gender equality, ensure women's full participation in social development, strengthen friendly ties between women in various countries, and thus promote the realization of rights and interests.

2.1June, 975, the first world conference on women was held. This is the first global conference on the status of women in history. There are 1000 representatives from 133 countries and regions present. The Congress adopted the famous Mexico Declaration, which clarified the equality between men and women, and emphasized that if a country wants to develop fully, it must require women to be as equal as possible and participate in all affairs together with men.

3. Relevant declarations and conventions have been promulgated one after another. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, especially the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women adopted by 1979, which is a binding convention to protect women's human rights. Comrade Kang Keqing signed this convention on behalf of our government in 1980, and it came into effect in September 198 1 with the approval of the National People's Congress, and some provisions of the convention were retained. The Convention requires States parties to "take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women by any individual, organization or enterprise" and "strive to achieve the full development and progress of women to ensure that they exercise and enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal basis with men".

In order to implement the spirit of the convention, many countries in the world have successively enacted special laws to protect women or stipulated provisions to protect women in relevant laws. Meanwhile, the Fourth World Conference on Women will be held in Beijing, China. China's law on the protection of women's rights and interests, which was enacted in the 1980s, began under this international background.

(2) Domestic aspects

From 65438 to 0985, the All-China Women's Federation initiated the formulation of a national women's law for the first time, and organized some experts and scholars in the field of law to draft the women's law.

In 1987 and 1988, deputies to the National People's Congress, members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and women's representatives put forward motions, proposals and suggestions on many occasions, demanding that the central authorities set up institutions to protect women's rights and interests and enact national laws to protect women. These bills and suggestions have been taken seriously and adopted by the central authorities. In May, 1989 was entrusted by the Committee of Internal Affairs and Justice, and the All-China Women's Federation and the Ministry of Civil Affairs, together with the Federation of Trade Unions and relevant experts, set up a drafting group of more than 20 people to start drafting the Women's Law. In the nearly three years since the drafting of the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the drafting team went to other places and ethnic minority areas, conducted extensive and in-depth investigation and research, and held symposiums of relevant localities, departments and experts. At the same time, it also refers to the local laws and regulations formulated by 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to protect women's rights and interests, and draws lessons from relevant foreign laws. After repeated revision and argumentation, the draft women's law was formed, which was finally adopted by the Fifth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on 1 April 3, 992 and came into force on1June 0.

Fourth, the feminist movement

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the first industrial revolution brought the seeds of the feminist movement. 1869 established the American Women's Voting Rights Association. At the beginning of the 20th century, during the second industrial revolution, the feminist movement spread widely in Europe and America.

On June1914 65438+10/0, a famous feminist movement broke out in London, attacking Buckingham Palace and petitioning King George V of England. This event marked the rapid development of the feminist movement.

After 1970s, the new feminist movement spread from the United States to Europe, Canada, Japan and other countries. The United Nations declared 1975 as the International Women's Year.

In the west, it initially refers to the pursuit of equality between men and women, and the first is to fight for the right to vote. In the 1920s and 1930s, women in western countries basically gained equal political rights, but they were still unequal to men in social life and people's ideas. Feminists began to realize that there was a problem of gender relationship and gender power, so the feminist movement became an analysis of why men and women are unequal and the power structure between men and women, emphasizing gender analysis.

History of feminist movement

first generation

The first generation appeared in the second half of19th century, synchronized with industrial revolution in europe, and the representative figure was Harriet Taylor Mill of Britain. Mainly some practical activities, like Clara. Tsetkin led the equal pay movement for women. The birth of International Women's Day. The initial appeal was that women should be equal in education and legislation, and equal with men in economy.

second generation

From the early 20th century to the 1960s, "radical feminism" represented by Kate Miller, Catherine McKinnon and others was represented by Juliet Mitchell. From the aspects of economy and class struggle, equality between men and women and women's material status are required.

After the 1980s, more and more women occupied a leading position in government, enterprises and school media. When they became bosses, the men exclaimed: The hen crowed! Can it lay eggs? As a result, post-modern feminism came into being, and men began to reflect on whether gender equality should be realized.

Representative-Kristeva

As the main advocate of the French feminist movement, Kristeva has a great influence on the feminist movement and feminist expansionism in the United States and Britain, as well as on contemporary art books. However, her views on French feminist circles and their activities are quite controversial. In 1993, Kristeva put forward three feminist movements in On New Mental Illness published in Women's Times. In fact, Kristeva put forward many suggestions on equality between men and women in order to establish a "unified female language". Representative figure-betty friedan

Betty friedan betty friedan (192 1-2006) is the leader of American feminist movement. He advocates that women should go out of the family and engage in jobs other than having children. 1966 founded the All-China Women's Federation and served as its chairman (1966- 1970). 1970, he co-founded the national women's political decision-making conference, actively supported social reform and eliminated overt or covert discrimination against women, and was praised as "liberating everything".

Representative figures-Gloria and steinem.

Gloria steinem is a famous feminist in contemporary America. She said that the feminist movement does not want men and women to exchange places, but to make progress together.

Five, matriarchal society and paternal society

matriarchal society

In the early days of clan society, women enjoyed a high social status and held the leadership of the clan. The bloodline is inherited by women, and the child is the mother's. It is generally believed that Yangshao culture in China is in the matriarchal social stage. The Iroquois clan of American Indians is a typical matriarchal clan society. After the death of a clan member, his property belongs to the people of the same clan. People of the same clan have the obligation to help each other, protect each other and retaliate against each other. Tribal leaders are elected, one is the chief in charge of public affairs, and the other is the military leader. During the matriarchal clan commune, people "only knew their mother, not their father."

Patriarchal society

With the development of social productive forces and the emergence of men's prominent position in the production sector, the original status of men and women within the clan has undergone major changes, and men have begun to occupy a dominant position. At the same time, marriage has changed from pairing marriage to monogamy, and patriarchy has emerged with the emergence of families. Property is inherited according to the paternal line, and lineage is calculated according to the paternal line. After the formation of patriarchal clan system, private ownership sprouted.