Management methods of potted flowers in spring

Spring blossoms and everything recovers. The sun shines on the earth, a long grass, bright red flowers bloom and the branches on the trees have sprouted.

Spring is here, and flowers can be smelled everywhere. New green, light green, bright green, green, green eyes, tender our eyes. There is still a little bit of red, a little bit of yellow, a little bit of pink and a little bit of purple, which twinkles like stars and makes us shine at the moment.

Eyes are full of the breath of spring, looking at the potted plants in Kobanawa, I am happy, and we have to give me a spring. Let's talk about the management points of potted flowers in spring:

First, change the pot in time

1, the choice of flowerpot

The material and volume of potted flowers and flowerpots have great influence on the growth of flowers, so it is very important to choose flowerpots reasonably. According to different materials, the existing flowerpots can be divided into the following types:

(1) pure hotpot

Generally, pottery pots used for flower cultivation are better than porcelain pots. Tile basin is not only economical and practical, but also has ideal air permeability and water permeability, which is beneficial to root respiration and growth. Disadvantages are monotonous color, unsightly shape, rough surface, few specifications and easy to break.

(2) Plastic basin

The material is light, easy to use, not easy to break, durable, and the basin wall is smooth inside and outside, which is not only easy to knock on the soil when changing the basin, but also easy to clean and disinfect. But it is impermeable to air and water, so it is only suitable for planting water-resistant and wet flowers and trees, such as Eclipta prostrata, Phyllostachys pubescens, calla lily, Guangdong Evergreen, or warm flowers and trees, such as fern, chlorophytum, Commelina communis, winter coral, night lilac and so on.

(3) Porcelain jars and glaze jars

Flowers and trees are planted in glazed flowerpots, and the outer wall of the flowerpot is coated with colored glaze, which is airtight and impermeable. It is difficult to grasp the wet and dry conditions of the flowerpot, especially when it is dormant in winter, flowers and trees often die because of excessive watering. So it is not suitable for planting flowers and trees. However, porcelain pots are beautiful in appearance and diverse in shape.

2, preparing culture soil

Commonly used materials are garden soil, humus soil, peat soil, river sand, chaff ash, sawdust, moss and so on. For example, in North China, humus soil, garden soil and river sand can be used to prepare culture soil. 3 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of garden soil and 2 parts of river sand can be used for planting common herbaceous flowers; For convenience, you can also choose the nutrient soil packaged in the flower market.

3. Pot changing operation

Generally, it is advisable to change pots and soil in April. The time to change pots should be treated according to different kinds of flowers, such as roses, jasmine, hibiscus and begonia. Potted soil should be changed once a year in spring, some ornamental flowers can be changed every 2-3 years 1 time, and some ornamental conifers and trees can be changed every 3-4 years 1 time. Stop watering 1-2 days before changing pots, let the pot soil dry, and separate the pot soil from the pot wall, which is convenient for operation. When changing pots, you can tap around the small and medium-sized flowerpots with your hands to slightly separate the soil from the flowerpots, and then dump the flowerpots and plants aside. At this time, one hand holds the plant, and the other hand pushes the plant out of the drain hole at the bottom of the pot for several times or gently buckles the bottom of the pot, so that the plant can be dumped together with the clods. If it is a perennial flower, it is necessary to shovel off a layer of original soil around the shoulders, cut off dead branches, curly roots and some old roots, fill the first pot with new culture soil and plant it inside; Such as woody flowers, can be properly removed part of the original clods, and cut off the roots of old age. Generally, it should also be planted in large pots and new culture soil should be added. When changing pots, the planting method and the pot releasing method are basically the same. After changing pots, it is advisable to pour enough water and put it in a cool place. After 10- 15 days, it should be gradually moved to the sun.

Second, leave the room in time.

As the temperature rises, potted flowers will leave the room in spring. The time to leave the room should be slow rather than urgent, depending on the cold resistance of flowers. Such as winter jasmine, plum blossom, Chinese rose, cedar, wintersweet and so on. You can leave the room when the average daily temperature reaches 65438 05℃ in early April. Jasmine, hibiscus, bougainvillea, white orchid, Milan, kumquat, cactus, etc. Leave the room when the average daily temperature reaches about 65438 08℃ in the first half of May. Before leaving the room, it is best to go through a process of adapting to the outdoor environment, and then leave the room for a whole day. After leaving the house, spray branches and leaves with clear water once a day at noon to keep the soil moist. In case of bad weather, it should still be moved indoors in time. The temperature index just mentioned is also suitable for moving out of the balcony.

Third, scientific pruning.

Pruning flowers can adjust the nutrition and growth of existing branches and leaves, promote the germination and prosperity of new branches, reduce pests and diseases, have more buds and increase flowers.

For roses, hibiscus, poinsettia, kumquat, etc. They bloom on annual branches and can be pruned in spring to promote more branches, more flowers and more fruits. For plum blossom, peach blossom, forsythia, clove, winter jasmine and so on. In which spring flowers bloom, most of their flower buds are formed on the branches in the first year, so they can't be cut in spring, only the autumn shoots without flower buds, otherwise the flower branches will be cut, which will affect the flowering, and they can only be pruned after flowering to promote the germination of new shoots and form the flower branches in the second year. Plants that bloom all year round (four-season flowering plants), plants with long flowering periods, perennial herbs, etc. After flowering, 1/2 to 2/3 should be cut off to make the plant plump or bloom more. Some flowers can't blossom and bear fruit because of overgrowth. Some roots can be cut off to inhibit overgrowth of branches and leaves to promote flowering and bearing fruit. Here is a brief introduction to the pruning of azaleas:

Fourth, water reasonably.

Watering in spring is the key to raising potted flowers. Because the climate in spring is relatively dry and the air humidity is low, if the amount of watering is small, it will cause yellow leaves and fallen leaves, which will affect the growth and development of flowers; Too much watering will cause bud shedding or root rot, and even death.

Different kinds of flowers have different habits and water requirements. Ferns, orchids, begonia and other flowers that like humidity should be watered more; Flowers that like drought, such as Sedum, cactus and agave, should be watered less; Bulb flowers should not be watered too much. Rain, pond water and river water are the most suitable. Tap water for flowers is also acceptable, but it is best to store tap water for 1-2 days before using it.

The amount of watering depends on the size and texture of the flowerpot. If the flowerpot is small, the soil will dry quickly, and the watering times will be more. If the flowerpot is large, the opposite is true. Clay basin has loose texture and good water permeability. The water lost by evaporation through the basin wall is more than that consumed by flowers, so water more. Pottery pots, glazed pots and purple sand pots are delicate in texture and have poor water permeability and air permeability, so they should be watered less; Plastic pots are impermeable to water and air, so water less. Several common watering methods:

(1) immersion tank method

Immerse the flowerpot into the pot, and let the water penetrate into the pot soil along the water holes at the bottom of the pot until the pot soil is completely saturated.

(2) watering can method

Pour water directly on the basin surface with a watering can. Generally, this method is often used for larger flowers and trees.

(3) Sprinkling water method

Sprinkle water on leaves and flowerpots with a watering can. This method is usually used for seedlings, cuttings and foliage plants in new pots. However, some flowers are particularly sensitive to moisture, such as Erythrina macrophylla, calceolaria, Begonia, etc., whose leaves are thick and not easy to evaporate after spraying water, and their leaves are easy to rot; The leaf buds at the top of Cyclamen bulb and the flower buds of Gerbera jamesonii are easy to rot and wither when exposed to water, so it is not suitable to spray water. For blooming flowers, it is not advisable to spray more water, otherwise it will easily cause petal rot or affect fertilization and reduce the seed setting rate.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Fertilize reasonably.

Different kinds of flowers need different fertilizers. The types of fertilizers applied should be reasonably matched, otherwise malnutrition will easily occur. Green foliage plants, such as bamboo, chlorophytum, asparagus, cycads, etc. Generally, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer; Colored foliage plants, such as colored grass, cauliflower taro, evergreen leaves, etc. It should be noted that in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be increased, otherwise the leaves will grow white and the stripes will disappear. Flowers for viewing flowers and fruits, such as pansy, calendula, winter eggplant, five-color pepper, etc., should be fully fertilized, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at seedling stage, and more phosphorus fertilizer should be applied at flower bud differentiation stage, bud formation stage and early flowering stage to promote their flowers and fruits to flourish; Flowers that bloom many times a year, such as rose, jasmine, Milan, etc. , mainly with the application of phosphate fertilizer to promote its multiple flowering; More phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to bulbous flowers to facilitate the development of bulbs; South China likes flowers in acidic soil, such as rhododendron, camellia, gardenia, bromeliad, fern and so on. It is not suitable to apply alkaline fertilizer, but acid fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and calcium superphosphate should be applied together, and ferrous sulfate should be added to adjust the pH value of the soil when necessary to ensure the lush flowers.

Six, the reproduction of flowers

1, flower cutting processing method

Spring is the best season for cutting propagation of flowers. Because the temperature is often kept at 15℃-20℃ and the humidity is high, the survival rate is high. In early spring, most potted flowers can be propagated by cutting strong branches or stems (such as Chinese rose, jasmine, tortoise shell bamboo, ivy, lingxiao, begonia, clove, hibiscus, etc.). ), roots (such as wisteria, crape myrtle, peony, begonia, etc. ) and leaves (such as Erythrina macrophylla, Crotalaria pigmentosa, Begonia Ranunculata, etc.

In addition to rooting powder, the following methods can be used for reference when cutting flowers:

Soak in (1) potassium permanganate aqueous solution.

The cut cuttings were soaked in 0. 1%-0.5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, with a soaking depth of 2 cm and a soaking time of 12 hours. After being taken out, the cuttings can be directly inserted into seedbeds or various containers.

(2) soaking in white sugar water

Soak the cuttings in the liquid of white sugar water, the proportion of herbaceous flowers is 2%-5%, that of woody flowers is 5%- 10%, the soaking depth is 2 cm, and the soaking time is 24 hours. After taking it out, rinse the white sugar water with clear water, and then cut the cuttings.

(3) vitamin soaking

Add water twice with vitamin B 12 injection, soak the base of the cuttings 10- 15 minutes, and then cut the cuttings.

(4) soaking in willow branch liquid

Soak the base of cuttings 1-2 days with willow branch leaching solution, and then cut.

Insert the treated cuttings into culture soil (commonly used are river sand, vermiculite, perlite, Mianshan soil or pastoral soil). The cutting depth is 2/3 of the cutting length. After transplantation, it will be maintained in a semi-shade for a few days, and then placed in the sun for daily management after it grows vigorously.

2. Common sowing methods and seed treatment

Some seeds with slow germination can be properly treated by artificial measures before sowing to promote their early germination. Generally, seed soaking method can be used, that is, seeds are soaked with cold water or warm water below 40℃ before sowing, and the soaking time varies from 2 to 24 hours according to the types of flowers. For some seeds with hard, airtight and permeable seed coat, the method of seed coat carving can be used to make water enter the seeds and promote their water absorption and germination.

(1) broadcast

Commonly used for smaller seeds, such as aster, Dutch chrysanthemum, snapdragon, etc. Before sowing, smooth the soil, water it for 1-2 hours, then spread the seeds evenly in the border or flowerpot, and cover them with fine soil so that the seeds can't be seen. Before sowing, water it thoroughly. In general, there is no need to water before emergence. If necessary, you can spray water with a fine nozzle watering can. Pot planting, covering with glass and newspaper for moisture preservation and heat preservation; If necessary, soak the flowerpot in water instead of watering it directly, otherwise the seeds will be washed away or deposited aside, which will affect the germination rate. After the buds are unearthed, the plastic film is gradually removed. Especially small seeds, such as Pittosporum, calceolaria and Begonia. , should be mixed with 3-4 times the fine sand, spread in flowerpots, do not cover the soil.

(2) Drilling

Dig a shallow border in the border or basin soil, and plant the seeds in the border and flatten them. Other management is the same as sowing, and drilling is mostly used for straight-rooted flowers that are not suitable for transplanting, such as corn poppy and morning glory.

(3) customization on demand

Large seeds can be sown one by one, such as mirabilis jalapa and nasturtium lappa. The thickness of covering soil is equivalent to about 3 times the diameter of seeds.

After the seeds germinate, the seedlings should be properly watered, and the seedlings that are too dense should be interplanted in time to maintain ventilation and light transmission. When planting 2-3 real leaves, the transplant-resistant leaves can move 1-2 times. Some herbaceous flowers are not suitable for transplantation, such as corn poppy and dill. And it is best not to transplant.

Seven, pest control

Spring is the high incidence of pests and diseases, and plants are vulnerable to pests such as scale insects, red spiders, aphids and whiteflies. Diseases include leaf spot and stem rot. If no pests and diseases are found, spraying can be used to prevent them. Pesticides such as: plant compound insecticide, 05 biological insecticide, etc. Bactericidal drugs include carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl. After the occurrence of pests and diseases, spray it once every 5-7 days and spray it continuously for 3-4 times. Prevention of pests and diseases can be sprayed once every 30 days. Concentrate according to the instructions.