How to safely overwinter flowers?

Weather characteristics of the February1February event in 65438: most parts of China entered winter this month, and the weather became cold. Snowfall in China has increased from north to south, and the temperatures in Jianghuai and Jiangnan have dropped below zero, with frequent frosts. This month, we should pay attention to the conservation of flowers and trees in three aspects: first, do a good job in heat preservation and antifreeze of flowers and trees that are afraid of cold in greenhouses, greenhouses and indoors; Second, do a good job in pruning and cleaning flowers and trees in the open field and turning over the ground to fertilize; Third, do a good job in the preparation of compost organic fertilizer and the preparation of culture soil.

First, flower reproduction

1, sowing. In June 5438+February, the species of flowers that can be sown in greenhouse are: Ardisia macrophylla, asparagus, Clivia, begonia bulbifera, cyclamen, winter coral, Gerbera jamesonii and so on. The species of flowers and trees that can be planted outdoors or stored in sand to accelerate germination are: rose (such as Elizabeth), bamboo, Fukiko, Holly, pyracantha, palm, Ligustrum lucidum, Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum microphyllum, Sapindus mukoraiensis, heather and so on.

Step 2 cut. The species of woody ornamental flowers and trees that can be cut in the open field in 65438+February are: plum blossom (mainly palace pollen, green calyx and other varieties); Roses (mainly Elizabeth, Fenghua Rose, Miniature Rose and other easily rooted varieties); Red-leaf plum, Chimonanthus praecox (cut heel), Spiraea, Boxwood, etc. Among them, yellow soil should be used for plum blossom and red leaf plum cutting, and mixed substrate of rice husk ash and fine sand 2 1 should be used for rose cutting. Other varieties can be covered with ordinary sand for heat preservation and moisture retention.

In the greenhouse, African violets can be propagated by inserting leaves; Combined with pruning, it can be used for cutting hibiscus, geranium, lotus flower, epiphyllum, jewel flower, lotus flower, purslane tree, rooting, longevity flower, golden popcorn, dried shrimp, begonia four seasons, begonia bamboo, Rieger begonia, Eupatorium odoratum, Jasmine, Dendrocalamus orientalis, Liriodendron, Daphne, radish and pig's feet. In the cold room seedbed, gardenia, boxwood, golden heart (Phnom Penh), Mahonia, Hypericum, Admiralty, Yingchun, Podocarpus, Pyracantha fortunei, Babylonia, Elderberry and so on. In addition, you can also cut branches such as Lingxiao, Lilac and Grape for sand storage, and then cut them in the next spring.

3. Grafting. Excellent plum varieties, such as bone red, vermilion, etc., can use the seedlings of apricot, plum and peach planted in June+February, 5438 to dig out the rootstock, then split or cut it, and then plant it on the seedbed according to a certain spacing, and bury the soil above the grafting site, or even cover most of the scions. Be careful not to penetrate into the joint when watering, and cover it with plastic film to keep warm and moist, and then wait for the scion to germinate next spring. Using the excavated wild rose plants, bud grafting excellent varieties of roses; Or use the robust branches of Elizabeth rose varieties (the length is 10 to 12 cm) to cut or split the excellent rose scion at the upper end, and then sow the married Elizabeth scion into a loose seedbed. The grafted parts can be buried in the sand together, and will not penetrate into the joint when watering. Cover with plastic film for moisture preservation and heat preservation. After the scion germinated in the next spring, the covered plastic film was removed, and after it survived completely, the binding belt of the joint was cut with a blade. In addition, Hongfeng can also bag indoors to moisturize the abdomen.

4. layering. The species of flowers and trees that can be propagated by layering in June 5438+February are: Podocarpus, Plum Blossom, Camellia, Osmanthus fragrans, Michelia, Begonia, Magnolia grandiflora, Snowball, Brocade, Gardenia, Yingchun, Admiralty, Hydrangea, Qionghua, Snowflake and Pomegranate.

5. Lamian Noodles. From June 5438 to February, the species of herbaceous flowers that can be propagated by plants are: Allium fistulosum, Ophiopogon japonicus, Reineckea carnea, Hosta Hosta, Purple Calyx, Oxalis purpurea, Eupatorium odoratum, Cymbidium hybridum, Nephropterium, Belamcanda, Iris, Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon japonicus, Evergreen, Rooting and Wannian, Guangdong. When cutting off the daughter plant at the base of the ramet from the large plant of colored-leaf pineapple, it must be a small plant that has grown on the mother plant for three or four months, otherwise the ribbon of the cut daughter plant will easily disappear, which should be paid special attention to.

From June to February in 5438, the species of woody ornamental plants that can be propagated by dividing plants are: Nandina domestica, Hypericum perforatum, Mahonia, Begonia longipedunculata, Bambusa bambusa, Spiraea, Goldfinch, Admiralty, Yingchun, Jasminum, Eupatorium odoratum, Eupatorium odoratum and Phyllostachys pubescens.

6. Collect seeds. The seeds of grass flowers that can be harvested in June 5438+February are generally varieties of grass flowers transplanted in greenhouse or cold room, such as safflower, amaranth, marigold, peacock grass, cyclamen, clivia and so on. Clivia seeds should be collected and sown.

Woody ornamental plants that can harvest seeds from June to February in 5438 mainly include: Chinese rose, wisteria, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, pyracantha fortunei, Fukiko, Ilex, Cinnamomum camphora and Photinia. After treatment, these seeds basically need to be stored in sand to accelerate germination, and they can only be planted in the ground after cracking and exposure in the next year. Under the condition of dry storage, they are easy to lose vitality, which leads to the failure of sowing and seedling raising in the second year.

7. Transplantation and planting. The types of herbaceous flowers that can be planted in February flower beds are: Dianthus caryophyllus, kale, pansy, snapdragon, calendula, daisy and so on. You can also put some grass flowers in the flowerpot in the greenhouse, such as daisy, calendula, snapdragon, kale, carnation, pansy and so on. Can be used for street display next spring.

Most deciduous trees and flowering shrubs can be transplanted and planted in June 5438+February, such as Hibiscus, Pomegranate, Bauhinia, Begonia, Chimonanthus praecox, Plum Blossom, Magnolia grandiflora, Sapindus mukoraiensis, Sophora Albizzia, Aesculus chinensis, Plum, Cherry Blossom, Papaya, Magnolia grandiflora in Er Qiao, Lagerstroemia indica, Lingxiao and Broussonetia papyrifera. We should be careful when transplanting evergreen trees and flowering shrubs. Transplantable evergreen trees in winter include Ligustrum lucidum, osmanthus fragrans, palm, magnolia grandiflora, camphor tree, rhododendron, holly and so on. When transplanting, we should first reduce the strength of the main shoots and branches and delete most of the leaves. At the same time, we should also bring large earth balls, tie straw ropes on the trunk and wrap them with plastic film, cut off the trunk and branches and seal them with wax or wrap them with film to reduce water transpiration. After transplanting, the leaves and trunk should be sprayed with water frequently to ensure their normal survival.

In February 65438, the stumps and flowers that can be put into pots are: plum blossom, wintersweet, camellia, camellia, begonia stipulata and begonia pendula. Put it in the greenhouse to promote flowers, and it is expected to bloom during the Spring Festival.

In June+February, 5438, potted plants such as hyacinthus orientalis, Tulip and Red-billed Fairy were raised in the shed to make them bloom around the Spring Festival.

Step 4 trim. Prune the hedges, green walls and spherical shapes that were not pruned in June 5438+065438+ 10, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, Faqing, Buxus macrophylla, Tenjikukatsura and Photinia macrophylla. Ball games such as Ilex cornuta, Myrica rubra, Heather, Boxwood, Pittosporum, Admiralty, Pyracantha fortunei, Sabina vulgaris and Sabina vulgaris can be trimmed and fertilized. Prune flowers and trees planted on the uncut ground in June 5438+065438+ 10, such as rose, crape myrtle, palm, red leaf plum, heather, paulownia, plum blossom and wintersweet. After pruning, fertilizer can be buried around the roots. The pruning of bonsai plants is mainly based on pruning, such as elm, brome, Ilex cornuta leaf, Fujian tea, triangle maple, oak, Bai La, pyracantha fortunei, willow in the snow, Podocarpus, Sabina vulgaris, begonia, papaya and so on. , will continue in June 5438+February to lay a good foundation for next year's growth; For plants that don't change pots for many years, they can be combined with pruning to change pots.

5, pest control. For flowers and trees whose leaves are prone to diseases and insect pests, such as grapes, begonia, roses, Chinese rose, camellia, crape myrtle, etc., the litter under their plants can be collected and burned, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases in the coming year. At the same time, spraying sulfur mixture for sterilization and disinfection. Powdery mildew and botrytis cinerea of potted chrysanthemum were controlled with triadimefon or thiophanate-methyl in time, and the latter was controlled with thiophanate-methyl. For the species of scale insects that are easy to appear in greenhouse flowers and trees, such as hawksbill, bergamot, cycad, camellia, Eupatorium odoratum and so on. We can wipe it with a rag first and then control it with pesticides such as quick culling. When the ventilation is poor, aphids often appear on potted plants, such as Prynne, Milan, Zanzan, Rose and Fujian Tea. Can be controlled by tobacco water. There are many kinds of scale insects, such as Ceratophyllum japonicum, Osmanthus fragrans, Alsophila spinulosa, Camellia, Ligustrum lucidum, Pyracantha fortunei, Nerium oleander, Begonia, Magnolia grandiflora, Bauhinia, Gardenia, Cedar, Photinia, Lagerstroemia indica and Chimonanthus praecox, on the trunks and branches of flowers and trees cultivated in the open field.

6. Composting. In order to raise seedlings and prepare cultivation soil next year, rapeseed cake, bean cake, tea seed cake and so on. It can be poured into water tanks and pools in winter leisure time, and sealed with water for soaking and fermentation. Hay, fallen leaves, shrubs, branches, etc. Pile it with the garden soil interlayer and burn it into scorched soil, which is a good covering soil for sowing and seedling raising in the coming year. Manure, pond mud, chicken manure, pigeon manure and garden soil are mixed and sealed for fermentation, which can be used for topdressing seedlings and preparing culture soil in the coming year.

7. Prepare the soil. Take advantage of the free time in winter, find an open space or a shady place, and pile up as much culture soil as possible for the need of changing pots and putting flowers in the spring next year. Generally, it is 4 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of humus soil (or 2 parts of mountain humus soil), 1 part of fine sand, 1 part of soaked sawdust, tobacco dust or chaff ash, plus about 5% of soaked cake fertilizer and 2% to 3% of compound fertilizer, in which garden soil and humus soil should be screened.

8. Turn the ground and freeze it. The garden for sowing, cutting and planting seedlings next year can be ploughed in June+February, 5438; In the garden where seedlings are planted, cake fertilizer, manure and pond mud are applied. Can be applied before planting; Not making beds for the time being, digging ditches to make beds in early spring next year after wintering and freezing can greatly reduce the cost of seedling management and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. The ornamental plants suitable for bonsai modeling from June to February in 5438 are: Podocarpus, Podocarpus, Cypress, Cedar, Platycladus orientalis, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris, Pinus thunbergii, Myrica rubra, Ilex cornuta, Buxus macrophylla, Ginkgo biloba, Xuezhong, Caragana, Elm and Bromus. For bonsai plants laid flat and fixed with brown silk (rope) or metal wire, if they have been fixed for one year, or obvious shrinkage marks are found on the stems and branches, the original binding materials should be removed and the metal wire or brown rope should be used for hanging and traction again. After some necessary pruning and shaping, Li Zhuang, Podocarpus, Begonia, Ginkgo biloba, Sabina vulgaris and Lagerstroemia indica were planted. On the ground, choose suitable flowerpots and plants, and strengthen management, so as to display them in public places or rooms in the coming year.

In winter, some shallow potted landscape bonsai and stump bonsai must be carefully managed. First of all, it is necessary to prevent potted soil from freezing the roots of plants. Second, it is necessary to prevent artificially cemented rocks from disintegrating due to freezing. Third, it is necessary to prevent plants planted on rockeries from freezing to death or drying up. It can be placed in an unfrozen place, watered and sprayed regularly to make it safe for the winter.

January flowers enter slight cold and severe cold this month, which is the coldest month of the year.

1, strengthen the anti-freezing and heat preservation work of cold-resistant indoor potted plants, and control the room temperature at 5- 10. And keep the air circulating to prevent the invasion of soot. When opening doors and windows, it is necessary to prevent cold air from blowing directly to flowers and trees. When the weather is clear and sunny, don't easily move out to bask in the sun.

2. Pay attention to fertilizer and water management and light and temperature control for pregnant winter potted flowers. Morning tea also includes tea plum, wax plum, narcissus, primrose, cyclamen, poinsettia and so on. , as well as kumquat, Four Seasons Orange, Nandian Bamboo, Pyracantha, bergamot, generation after generation, etc. Roses in full bloom should be kept indoors. Pay attention to indoor ventilation, the temperature should not be too high, the sunshine time should not be too long, and the pot soil should not be too dry to prolong the flowering period.

3. Continue to pile up culture soil outdoors.

Weather characteristics of February flower February: this month is the last month of winter, and it is also the coldest period of the year after 65438+ 10. By the end of February, the weather began to gradually warm up and transition to spring, and a considerable number of flowers began to recover from winter dormancy. This month's flowers mainly include the following aspects: First, continue to do a good job in protecting the cold and heat preservation of potted flowers in facilities; Second, do a good job of pruning and changing pots after flowering of some woody flowers; The third is to do a good job in the preparation of cutting, grafting and sowing of some flower varieties.

1, sowing. The flowers that can be sown in the greenhouse in February are: marigold, cyclamen, dwarf sunflower, asparagus, Erythrina macrophylla, red and blue flowers, cornflower, chrysanthemum, grass chrysanthemum, a bunch of red flowers, marigold, peacock chrysanthemum, Petunia, water chestnut, phlox, calceolaria, iris, snapdragon, and trollius chinensis. At the end of February, exposed seeds of Magnolia Officinalis, Michelia, Photinia, Acer, Begonia (Rosaceae), as well as seeds of Cinnamomum camphora, Liriodendron chinense, Ligustrum lucidum, Fu Gui, Pyracantha fortunei, Palm, Luanshu, Sapindus mukoraiensis, Aesculus chinensis and Lilac were stored in the sand. You can sow seeds outdoors. Seeds such as Chimonanthus praecox, Chimonanthus praecox and wisteria should be soaked for 24 ~ 48 hours, and then sown after the seeds absorb enough water. Tubers of tuberose and Zhu Dinghong can also be potted in greenhouses in February.

Step 2 cut. Woody ornamental plants that can be cut in the open field or covered with plastic film for moisturizing propagation in February include: plum blossom (annual palace pollen, green calyx branches, cutting after flowering), Bambusa australis, hibiscus (south area), Lagerstroemia indica, Daphne odora in Phnom Penh (south area), Xiang Jie, pomegranate, Admiralty, Yingchun, Jasmine, Willow in Snow, Hibiscus, Hypericum (plum) and hydrangea. Cloves and Lingxiao branches stored in the sand can also be cut off at this time. In early February, branches such as hydrangea, Osmunda, Tamarix, ash, grape and banyan can be cut and stored for cutting at the end of March.

Ornamental plants that can be pruned indoors in February include: hibiscus, bougainvillea, African violet (with leaves inserted), Japanese begonia, geranium, string red, geranium, jasmine, pearl orchid, bergamot, Yushu, jade leaf, Shi Lian, gem flower, epiphyllum, water lily, cold spray, rooting, longevity flower, Rieger begonia and dragon.

3. Grafting. One-year-old seedlings of Pinus thunbergii were used as rootstocks indoors, and Japanese pine, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus bungeana were grafted, and then the ground was planted with plastic film to keep warm and moist. One-year-old seedlings such as apricots and peaches are used as rootstocks for cuttage propagation of plum, plum, peach, peach and purple peach. In the south of the Yangtze River, when the leaf buds on the branches of Chimonanthus praecox grow to the size of wheat grains, the seedlings of Chimonanthus praecox with a diameter of about 0.8 ~ 1.2 cm are used as rootstocks, and excellent varieties of Chimonanthus praecox such as Suxin, Xinkou and Tiger's hoof are propagated by cutting, and the survival rate is high through bagging, aeration and moisturizing measures. Taking the stout branches of "Elizabeth" rose as rootstock, cutting or splitting the excellent rose scion, and adopting the measures of grafting first, cutting and covering with plastic film to keep moisture and prevent cold, can greatly improve the grafting survival rate.

4. layering. Ornamental plants that can be propagated by layering in February include: plum blossom, Chimonanthus praecox, begonia sessiliflorus, osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia grandiflora, Gardenia, Lonicera japonica, Podocarpus, Cypress, Snowball, Qionghua, Yingchun, Admiralty, Hypericum, Hydrangea, Hemp Leaf Hydrangea, Snowflake, Hongfeng and Smiling Face.

5. Lamian Noodles. In February, the species of herbaceous flowers that can be propagated by plants are iris, Belamcanda, onion, Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon japonicus, Reineckea carnea, Evergreen, Peony, Hosta, Purple Calyx, Pterocarya microphylla, Pineapple, Evergreen, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Nephropterium, Chlorophytum, Rooting and Rooting. In February, the species of woody flowers propagated by dividing plants are: Nandina domestica, Hibiscus, Hypericum japonicum, Mahonia, Hydrangea macrophylla, Begonia longipedunculata, Xiang Jie, Yingchun, Admiralty, Goldfinch, Snowflake Spray, Spiraea, Jasmine, Eupatorium odoratum, Magnolia grandiflora, Cinnamon, Pteridium aquilinum, Phyllostachys pubescens and so on.

Second, flowers overwinter.

1, cold. Ornamental plants such as Pinus bungeana, Asparagus, Eupatorium odoratum and Illicium verum can be planted in a simple plastic greenhouse with a temperature not lower than 0℃, which will not cause freezing injury. , begonia, fern, bamboo, Nandina domestica, Michelia, Fukiko, Pyracantha fortuneana, camellia, Cymbidium hybridum, Chiroptera, Phyllostachys pubescens, cycads, etc. Ornamental plant species whose overwintering temperature is not lower than 5℃, such as Aralia elata, Liriodendron chinense, Hevea brasiliensis, Jasmine, Prynne, Eupatorium odoratum, Pocket Coconut, Calla lily, Spring Feather, Tortoiseshell, Cymbidium hybridum, Rhododendron Belgium, Triangle Flower, Cyclamen cyclamen, Primula, etc. Tree species whose overwintering temperature is required to be not lower than 10, such as variable leaf wood, flower taro, pepper grass, bamboo taro, rich bamboo, black nightshade, Brazilian iron, rich tree, nettle, pineapple, indigo leaf, poinsettia, orchid, dragon bamboo, golden popcorn, Milan, Phalaenopsis, Catalan and Smilax China. For those cold-tolerant potted plants and bonsai plants, such as Chimonanthus praecox, Prunus mume, Begonia, Rhododendron, Pomegranate, Elm, Bromus parviflora, Oak, Lagerstroemia indica, Wisteria, Podocarpus, Acer negundo, conifer, cypress, Acer negundo, Myrica rubra, Ilex cornuta, Bai La and so on. , the temperature should not be lower than -65438+. In extremely cold weather, cover with plastic film or soft grass to keep out the cold.

Whether it is bonsai, potted flowers, foliage plants and fruit trees placed in greenhouses or greenhouses, besides keeping the indoor temperature suitable, attention should be paid to ventilation. The doors and windows can be opened for ventilation around noon when the temperature is the highest in a day to prevent the occurrence of fallen leaves, flowers and fruits. During ventilation, we should also be careful not to let the cold air blow directly on the plants to avoid adverse reactions.

2. water. For most potted flowers and bonsai placed in greenhouses, greenhouses and indoors, it is necessary to keep the soil moist. If the temperature is low and there is too much water, it is easy to cause the roots of plants to rot. When the temperature rises, you can increase the amount of water and spray water on the leaves appropriately. For potted plants that bloom around the Spring Festival, such as camellia, camellia, Belgian rhododendron, plum blossom, Chimonanthus praecox, chrysanthemum, primrose, longevity flower, hyacinthus orientalis, European daffodils, etc. Ornamental fruits such as Zanzan, Lemon, Bergamot, Four Seasons Orange, Golden Bean, Winter Coral, Fukiko, Phyllostachys pubescens, etc., not only for most foliage plants in the storage room, but also need to keep the soil moist and spray water on the leaves to keep them clean. For foliage plants that are not hardy, such as hawksbill leaves, fruit taro, bamboo taro, deciduous wood, silver queen and so on. When the room temperature is close to the lowest temperature limit that they can tolerate, special attention should be paid to controlling the amount of watering to ensure that they can safely overwinter. The watering time in June 5438+February should be 3 to 4 hours around noon, and the water temperature should be basically consistent with the air temperature and soil temperature to avoid adverse reactions caused by low water temperature of potted flowers.

For outdoor newly transplanted flowers and trees, it is necessary to check them regularly and give them supplementary watering in time; Transplanted evergreen trees can be properly sprayed with water around noon to prevent the leaves from shrinking and falling off.

3. Fertilize. Most potted plants, foliage plants and bonsai should stop fertilizing. Put it in a general greenhouse, otherwise it will easily cause plants to rot and die.

Most greening trees and flowers used for ground planting, such as begonia, Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia purpurea, Manglietia, Michelia, Hongfeng, Gardenia, Aesculus chinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Osmanthus fragrans, Chimonanthus praecox, Plum Blossom, Sapindus mukoraiensis, Luanshu, Palm, Peony, Admiralty, Hypericum, Grape, Rose, Spiraea, Muzi. Plum, white silk plum, heather, bauhinia, hibiscus, etc. From June to February, 5438, when turning over the garden fields, fertilizers, such as cake fertilizer, pig manure, pond mud, septic tank residue, etc. Can be buried in the periphery of plant roots, laying a good material foundation for growth and flowering in the coming year. Potted flower varieties used for indoor display from 10 to 15, such as camellia, camellia, rhododendron, plum blossom, Chimonanthus praecox, popcorn, dried shrimp, pineapple, Daphne, papaya, primrose, cyclamen, begonia sessilifolia, hyacinthus orientalis, Clivia, tulip and freesia. , can continue.