What's in front of Polaris at night and what's behind it?

Facing Polaris at night, the north is in front and the south is behind.

Polaris, also known as Beichen and Ziweixing (currently only used to refer to Arctic II, not Gouchenyi, because the ancient star official system in China has been fixed and cannot be changed), refers to the star closest to the north celestial pole, and currently refers to "Gouchenyi".

Polaris is located at the northern end of the earth's axis, which is five times as long as the extension line connecting Tian Xuan and Shu Tian in the Big Dipper. Because of the rotation of the earth, and Polaris is on the axis of celestial rotation, the observer is stationary relative to the ground. Polaris is about 323 to 434 light-years away from the earth and has a diameter of about 52 million kilometers.

Gou Chenyi consists of three celestial bodies: Polaris Aa, Polaris B and Polaris Ab. The main star Polaris A is a huge, bright and yellow Supergiant star. Polaris A is 4.5 times the mass of the sun, and if it is placed with the sun, its brightness is 1260 times that of the sun.

Polaris is a bright star in the northern part of the sky, very close to the north celestial pole, almost facing the earth axis. Seen from the northern hemisphere of the earth, its position is almost unchanged, so it can be used to identify the direction. Because of the rotation of the earth, Polaris is just on the axis of celestial rotation, so it is relative to other stars.

The role of Polaris:

Polaris is a very important directional indicator in ancient navigation and outdoor activities, ranging from stargazing to astrophotography, and it is also a directional constellation, so the precise positioning of the Equatorial Observatory in the observation room is very important. Because Polaris is closest to true north, people on earth have been navigating by its starlight for thousands of years.

In the night sky in the northern hemisphere, the Big Dipper stands out in the northern sky. These seven stars are Shu Tian (Hungry Wolf), Tian Xuan (Giant Gate), Tianji (Lucun), Tian Quan (Wen Qu), Yuheng (Lian Zhen), Kaiyang (Wu Qu) and Etta Ursa (Pojun) in Ursa major. They look brighter than other stars and are arranged in a spoon shape.

If you extend about five times in the direction of Tian Xuan and Shu Tian, you will find another bright star, the Polaris. This phenomenon can be observed whenever the Big Dipper and Polaris are observed. In ancient China, the Big Dipper was used to determine the four seasons, which were divided into cold and heat-bucket handle pointed to the east and the world was spring; Bucket handle guide, the world is summer; Bucket handle refers to the west, and the world is autumn; The barrel handle refers to the north, and it is winter all over the world.