Common sense of Chinese painting

Chinese painting tools and teaching materials Chinese painting brush can be divided into long front pen, center pen and short front pen according to the stroke length, and their performances are different.

It is easy to draw beautiful lines before long, dignified and heavy before short, and both before medium and short. Painting landscapes should be centered. According to the size of the nib, brushes are divided into three types: small, medium and large.

Various models should be prepared for painting landscapes. Generally, a little wolf hair should be prepared for small scenery, a big wolf hair for big scenery, a sheep brush for small white clouds and big white clouds, and a bigger sheep brush for bucket pens is enough. How sharp the new pen is, it is only suitable for drawing thin lines, and the effect of rubbing, wiping and knocking the old pen is better.

Some painters like to paint with a bald pen, and the points and lines drawn have a vigorous and simple beauty. There are four criteria for making and selecting pens, namely, "sharp, neat, round and healthy", "sharp is smooth and sharp after the pen tip is closed, and sharp is sharp without losing its edge; Neat and flush with the front, neat and easy to change; "A circle is a circle, and a circle does not diverge when writing;" Health is moderately elastic, while health is durable.

China's brush is different from the western oil painting brush. China's brush is conical, and the brush for oil painting is flat, similar to China's combination brush. The nature of the pen depends on the manufacturing technology and the type of brush used. Brushes used for painting can be roughly divided into three categories: hard brushes, soft brushes and double brushes in between.

The bristles are mainly wolf hair (tail tip hair of weasels) and are made of mink, rat, horse, deer and rabbit hair. Hard brush is vigorous and powerful, suitable for drawing lines. Commonly used pens are Zhu Lan, Xiaoxing Palace, Little Red Riding Hood, Ye Jin pen, clothes pattern pen and writing brush. Soft brushes are mainly made of wool, but there are also bird feathers. Soft and watery, suitable for large-scale rendering. Common soft brushes include "Big Crane Neck", "Bai Gui Pen", "Dyed Pen", "Goose Pen" and "Pure Wool Pen". Japanese pens are "colored pens" and "picking pens".

Double-strand brush is made of wool, wolf hair (or rabbit hair), and its properties are between rigid and soft, such as "Seven Purple and Three Sheep", "White Cloud Pen" and "Pure Purple Pointed Hair", and Japanese pens include "Miao Ze", "Magnolia" and "Changliu". Good brushes all have some common characteristics: roundness, uniformity, sharpness and length. Brush should be cleaned in time after use to avoid ink drying and damage to the brush.

There are two common raw materials for making ink: lampblack and pine smoke. The ink is called lampblack ink and Song Yanmo. Oil fume ink is made of tung oil fume. The ink is black and shiny, which can show the subtle changes of ink color and is suitable for landscape painting. Pine smoke is dark and dull, which is mostly used for feathers and characters' hair, and is not suitable for landscape painting.

When choosing ink, look at its color first. Purple light ink is the best, followed by black, followed by cyan, and poor gray ink cannot be used. Listen to the sound again. The sound is crisp when the good ink is struck, delicate when it is ground, slow when it is inferior, and rough when it is ground. Clean water should be used for grinding ink, and the force should be even, and the ink should be slowly ground clockwise until it is thick.

The ink used for painting should be freshly ground. The ink that has been stored for a long time is called Su Mo, and there are concentrated dregs in Su Mo. It will get dirty if it is not used well. At present, calligraphy and painting inks produced in Beijing, Tianjin and other places (such as Yidege) are easy to use and have been used by many painters. But the glue in the ink is heavy, so it is best to add a little water and grind it evenly with an ink ingot.

The ink color is better. Paper Chinese painting used silk in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it was not until the Yuan Dynasty that paper was widely used in painting.

The paper used in Chinese painting is different from other kinds of paintings. It is rice paper made of rosewood as the main raw material. Xuan paper was produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province, and belonged to Xuanzhou in ancient times, so it was called Xuan paper. Xuan paper is divided into raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and semi-cooked Xuan.

Cooked rice paper is processed with alum water, and the ink is not easy to penetrate and will not melt when it meets water, but the effect is different from other papers. It can be used for detail description, repeated rendering and coloring, and is suitable for painting green and colorful meticulous landscapes. Raw rice paper is not treated with alum, which is characterized by strong water absorption and water permeability. It melts when it meets water, and it is easy to produce rich Mo Yun changes. It can receive the artistic effect of water-light ink printing, vigorous and beautiful, and is mostly used for freehand brushwork landscape painting.

Familiar posters are easy to master, but they are also prone to problems of fluency and stagnation; Sheng Xuan's paintings are interesting, but they penetrate quickly and are difficult to master. Therefore, painting landscapes generally likes to use semi-cooked rice paper.

Semi-cooked rice paper melts slowly in water, which not only changes Mo Yun, but also does not penetrate too much. Easy to master rubbing, rubbing, tracing and dyeing, and can show rich brushwork and ink interest. Other paper that can replace Xuan paper for painting include North Korea paper in Northeast China, Jiajiang Xuan paper in Sichuan and Liuji paper in Jiangxi. Its performance is close to that of semi-cooked rice paper.

The most famous inkstones in China are She Yan and Duanyan. She inkstone is produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province, and Duan inkstone is produced in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province.

Okay, inkstone. Generally speaking, it is enough to choose inkstones of various properties for calligraphy and painting. When choosing an inkstone, the stone is delicate and moist, easy to ink and does not absorb water.

Wash the inkstone in time after use, keep it clean, and avoid sun exposure and fire roasting. The quality of inkstone has a great influence on the color of ink. The most ideal inkstone is Duan Xi inkstone produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, or Anhui inkstone, which is made of stone slips, with fine ink quality, fast ink development and fine grinding, and can be preserved for a long time, but good inkstone is expensive, and the quality of Luoxi inkstone produced in the second aquatic product of this province is also good. However, it is not appropriate to choose plastic products poured from resin and stone powder. Although it is better to use fine stone, it is too smooth.

There are also many styles of inkstone, among which Mohai No.1 is the most convenient and can store a lot of ink. You can cover it after use to prevent the ink from drying up. After a period of time, there is too much residual ink, so it should be soaked in water first, and then washed away to keep the inkstone clean.

Pigment China's painting developed to the Tang Dynasty, with emphasis on color as the mainstream. Since the prevalence of ink painting in Song Dynasty, under the trend of literati, the use of color has gradually declined. However, painters should have a better understanding of traditional painting pigments, develop in many aspects, or better combine with ink painting. There are two kinds of traditional pigments.

Mineral pigments are made by blending minerals, with heavy colors and strong hiding power. Commonly used are: (1) stone green: usually in powder form, which must be mixed with glue when used. Azurite can be divided into cephalic blue, second blue, third blue and fourth blue according to its color, among which cephalic blue is the thickest and greenest, and gradually becomes thinner and faded. .

2. Knowledge of Chinese painting: What knowledge must you have to learn Chinese painting?

What knowledge do you have to learn Chinese painting? The word Chinese painting originated in the Han Dynasty. People in the Han Dynasty thought that China lived in heaven and earth, so he called it China, and China's paintings were called "Chinese painting" for short.

Let's take a look at the knowledge of Chinese painting: What are the learning steps of Chinese painting? First of all, we should practice basic skills. There are many basic skills in painting and calligraphy, but the most basic one is to draw intersecting lines, round lines and wavy lines.

Why do you draw crosshairs, round lines and wavy lines? The basic brushwork of Chinese painting is line. Line modeling abandons light source, light and shade, elegance and vulgarity, and focuses on expressing the shape and structural relationship of objects, and expresses the essential characteristics of objects through these representations, which is commonly known as "building bones with lines" in Chinese painting. The "bone" in Chinese painting is the essential expression that supports the artistic image and makes it rich in essence, spirit and spirit.

Simply regard the skeleton of the line as a bone, that is to say, the use of the line should emphasize the expressive force of the line, and use the length, thickness, turning point, frustration, severity, symptoms, rigidity, strength, brightness, luster and other changes of the line to express all aspects of the modeling factors such as expression, shape, texture, dynamics, rhythm and space of the object. Only when the lines are integrated into the image can the creation of personalized modeling forms be completed.

This is the most basic embodiment of building bones with lines. Click on the picture to view the knowledge of Chinese painting: What are the learning steps of Chinese painting? Second, "plagiarism" is the only way. Chinese painting is one of the traditional quintessence of China. After thousands of years of history, it has formed a unique form of expression.

Through the ages, the creation of countless painters and the casting of self-aesthetic ideals. This is unique to the Chinese nation, so it has a distinct and strong national color.

For example, in line drawing, the four wonders of ancient times, the nail-headed and mouse-tailed painting and the iron line drawing are all some means of expressing clothes and flowers and birds with different textures, which are subjective creations based on objective objects after long-term painstaking observation and thinking, or inspired by other objects. It has its own aesthetic value and does not exist independently because of the relationship between time and space.

It is very convenient for people to use these programs for artistic re-creation. Because of the differences in personality, interest and accomplishment between people, there are also many differences in application. Others are not satisfied with ready-made programs, to change and create, so there are various new expression programs.

If it can stand the test of history and be confirmed by people, then the old program will be replaced and become a relic of history, and the new program will be accepted or changed by people in the future. Therefore, the procedure is not static, and this is how Chinese painting develops.

As long as it conforms to people's aesthetic views and standards at that time, generally speaking, works that everyone thinks are beautiful can be preserved and handed down in the waves of history. This is an objective law handed down from Chinese painting for thousands of years. When we talk about the stylized expression of painting, we want to express some painting materials, which should be painted like this, not like that. This is the precious painting experience provided by predecessors and the crystallization of art, which brings us reference in learning painting.

There is a distinction between refined and popular works of art with and without reference. Therefore, learning to master the performance procedures of traditional painting has become a "stepping stone" to enter the door of Chinese painting.

For a beginner who really likes Chinese painting, the effective shortcut is to start from copying. Throughout the ages, Chinese painting masters have become a generation of masters from "copying".

Copying is the main way for beginners to get started, especially masterpieces. Painting learners can learn and master artistic features and skills by copying.

To copy famous works, we must first observe the expression and artistic skills of the works, patiently try to figure out the writing method, master the expression form of the works, and seriously study the spiritual temperament of the works. Third, it is very important to choose the copy of the model's painting. "Starting from copying" must have a picture. Conditional beginners can directly compare the teacher's original work and try to figure out the ideal writing, but they can also use copies or printed materials unconditionally.

In short, we should choose ancient and modern works with high artistic level and copying value to learn and master the traditional pen and ink skills, and observe the intentions of ancient and modern people. However, we can't take a pragmatic attitude towards plagiarism. Generally, there is a certain distance from copying to mastering and application, and there is no ready-made application.

According to my own personal experience, it is difficult to copy a complete work in the coloring stage, and at least one hundred pictures are needed to master the copying skills. Click on the picture to see a bigger picture. Knowledge of Chinese painting: What are the learning steps of Chinese painting? 4. Lines are the basis of Chinese painting. Pen and ink are the characteristics and essence of Chinese painting. Without pen and ink, it cannot be called Chinese painting. In a broad sense, the word pen and ink refers to the painting language in terms of picture meteorology, color, composition, artistic conception and interest achieved by pen and ink.

In a narrow sense, pen and ink refers to the skill of using pen and ink. Painting is silent music! It means that a good painting is like a moving note, forming a beautiful and moving rhyme.

Quality is the pursuit of the "truth" of the objective object described, that is, it can have both spirit and form; Rhyme refers to the expression of subjective spirit through objective things, that is, it can be vivid and enjoyable. Chinese painting requires the unity of subject and object, and "nature from the outside, heart from the inside" is the lifelong pursuit of Chinese painting.

There are "three taboos" when using a pen. In the Song Dynasty, Han Chunquan put forward in the Complete Works of Pure Landscape: "There are three diseases in using a pen: one is the board; Second, the present; Three sections. " The so-called "board" means that there is no wrist strength, the pen is not flexible, and the drawn pen line is flat and flat, and there is no rounded three-dimensional sense; The so-called "engraving" means that the strokes are too exposed, even angular, unnatural and lifeless; The so-called "knot" means that when you put pen to paper, you can't do it if you want to, but when you don't separate, the pen line will not be smooth.

If you make these three mistakes with a pen, you can't talk about the beauty of lines. In addition, it is taboo to be "dry, weak, slippery, sloppy, etc."

Fifth, the skill of Chinese painting is undeniable, and there are skills in everything. Chinese painting has two skills: the first is to draw more pictures, which can be described as "practice makes perfect"! The second is skill theory.

Even if you recite the theoretical skills in the textbook, you may not be able to draw; As long as you copy a few pictures every day, you can draw them without learning a theoretical skill Why do you say that? There are witnesses.

Master of painting.

3. What is Chinese painting?

Chinese painting is a painting art founded by the Chinese nation, which has a history of more than 2,000 years and has formed a unique national style and oriental artistic charm.

The tools, materials, techniques and aesthetic implications of Chinese painting are different from other kinds of painting. The pigments in traditional Chinese painting are mainly ink, supplemented by mineral pigments, and painted on special rice paper or silk with various brushes.

The basic painting methods of Chinese painting can be divided into meticulous painting and freehand brushwork. Themes are divided into three categories: figures, landscapes and flowers and birds.

The style of Chinese painting is to seek the image of God rather than the image of form, "emphasizing emotion over facts" and seeking "meaning in front of the pen, meaning in painting". The basic techniques of Chinese painting are using pen, ink, water and color.

With the development of the times, various painting schools are constantly innovating. Chinese painting has also absorbed some new techniques and explored various creative methods, which has made this ancient painting more colorful.

In addition, Chinese painting is closely combined with China's calligraphy, poetry and seal cutting, influencing each other, forming a unique art of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing, which greatly improves the artistic value of Chinese painting. A Chinese painting must have poems, including poems, essays, beautiful sentences, feelings, inscriptions and so on. , and is always called an inscription.

These inscriptions are all expressed in calligraphy, and the quality of calligraphy directly affects the quality of the picture. Calligraphy inscription is a part of Chinese painting composition, which can adjust and set off the picture.

Printing in traditional Chinese painting has played a role in enriching the picture and improving the spirit, which can be described as "a little red in ink". In addition to echoing the contents of the picture, the seal itself also has great artistic value.

4. What are the techniques of Chinese painting?

The term brush and ink Chinese painting is also the general name of Chinese painting techniques.

Technically, "pen" usually refers to the brushwork of hooking, twisting, rubbing and pointing; "Ink" refers to methods such as baking, dyeing, breaking, splashing and accumulating. Theoretically, it emphasizes that pen is the leading factor, ink follows the pen and depends on each other, so as to perfectly describe objects and express artistic conception and achieve artistic effects with both form and spirit.

Commonly used pen and ink techniques are sketching, sketching, boneless and rendering. Line drawing is colorless.

Draw objects with ink lines without color modification, and draw more people and flowers. Draw the outline of the line color.

Draw the outline first, then color it, and draw more detailed flowers and birds. Among them, the pen is a trend hook, and the contrarian is fun.

Boneless wireless color. Don't sketch with ink lines, directly paint objects and images with colors, and draw more landscapes.

Rendering uses ink or color to enhance the light and dark colors of objects and make them obvious. Draw clouds to show the bright moon, and draw backgrounds to show and highlight what you want to express.

In addition, Chinese painting techniques include ink breaking, ink splashing, ink accumulation, hooking, painting, branch folding and eighteen strokes.

5. What is the essence of Chinese painting?

First of all, the basis of Chinese painting should be calligraphy, not sketch, remember to remember.

Secondly, the charm of Chinese painting comes from the spirit of classical books, not the spirit of modern fashion. It is not pure Chinese painting that puts forward the modernization of Chinese painting. It appeared after Xu Beihong introduced the western art teaching method, and the purpose at that time was to correct and assist the traditional teaching of Chinese painting. The so-called "middle school as the body, western learning for use" thought. In addition, in the former Soviet Union-Russia, a high-level institution of sketch, sketch was not drawn like this. I have been there once, innovating from the most basic things.

Never consider Chinese painting with perspective and contrast between light and shade. We must persist in copying paintings. Don't study this today, study that tomorrow. It's no use. Any famous artist has something beyond ordinary people. It is also important to study carefully. It is also important to select objects when copying. First of all, don't start with an overly overbearing and weird plagiarism style. Start with peace. Then, choose a specific style according to your own interests.

Don't dabble in it, no matter which school you go to, you should learn it, and then change to another school when you really understand it or are really no longer interested. Pen and ink are the characteristics and essence of Chinese painting. Without pen and ink, it cannot be called Chinese painting. In a broad sense, the word pen and ink refers to the painting language in weather, color, composition, artistic conception and interest.

In a narrow sense, pen and ink refers to the skill of using pen and ink. 1, the six methods in the Catalogue of Ancient Paintings: the bone method with a pen.

It means to use a pen with strength and backbone, follow the pen with your heart, and write first. Specifically, lift, press, smooth, reverse, side, hide, fast, slow and so on.

When using a pen, you should feel happy, and pay attention to the changes such as lifting, pressing, advancing and retreating, speed, turning, positive side and hidden dew. There are three kinds of strokes in landscape painting: center, flank, hidden front, exposed front, reverse front and positive front.

The center is vertical, and the nib is in the center of the ink line. The lines drawn in the center are quite strong and smooth, and are often used to outline objects. Side stroke with pen, palm to the left and front tip to the left. Because the side pen is used, the pen line is thick and hairy, which is mostly used for rubbing.

The front of Tibetan pen is hidden but not exposed, and it is "standing but not falling", which the ancients called "twists and turns" The lines drawn are calm and subtle, and the power penetrates the back of the paper. It is often used to draw the outline of houses, ships and bridges, as well as the outline of rocks and the double hooks of tree trunks. Lu Feng exposed the sharpness of pointillism, making it look beautiful and full of vitality. Drawing bamboo leaves and wicker is Lu Feng's pen.

When lifting the front of the pen, the pen tube leans forward to the right, and when lifting the pen, the nib pushes against the trend, which makes the nib messy and produces white in the strokes. This kind of point and line has rich and spicy pen interest, and can be used for sketching and rubbings of trunks and landscapes. Paddling along the front is the opposite of rowing against the front. Paddling is dragging, so the thumb is light and smooth, delicate and lively. This method is often used to hook the clouds and draw water.

Chinese painting pays attention to ten strokes, and has accumulated rich experience since ancient times. For example, Mr. Huang put forward the theory of "five strokes", which means "flat, round, staying, heavy and changing". The so-called "flat" means that when painting a pen, the force is even, the beginning and the end are clear, and the pen is impartial and not picky, just like painting sand with a cone.

The so-called "circle" means that the turning point of the pen should be round and powerful, and it should be "like a broken hairpin". The so-called "stay" means to use the pen implicitly, to have a review, to be unhurried, to be slippery, and to be "like a leak."

The so-called "heavy" means calm and heavy, like "falling rocks on the mountain", not like "leaves blown by the wind", that is, "the pen can carry the tripod" as the ancients said. The so-called "change" means changing the pen, or using the center or the winger, which should be changed according to the different performance objects, so we can't stick to it.

Second, it means that the strokes should echo each other. "I can't reach the pen, it's broken." To sum up, the form of brush lines is nothing more than the change and contrast of thickness, curvature, straightness, rigidity, softness, lightness and weight when drawing lines, which makes it a vivid portrayal of the depicted objects.

Landscape painting advocates lines: dry and moist, rigid and soft, quality and rhyme. A dry and moist pen should have the wonderful effect of "moistening the spring rain with dry autumn wind".

"Too wet means no pen, too dry means no ink", so we must learn to unify with the contradiction between dryness and moistening. How is this pen line drawn? Mr. Li Keran made it very clear: "Don't put too much water in the pen, which will make it pale;" When the pen is heavy and powerful, the water can be squeezed out to make the pen smooth. "

Combining rigidity with softness means that the form of pen line should reach the perfect state of neither softness nor rigidity. The combination of rigidity and softness is also a pair of contradictions in the pen.

If we don't use this contradiction, we will often lose "rigidity" or "softness". The famous painters Huang, Li Keran and Lu have handled the contradiction between rigidity and softness well, which is an example for us to learn.

In Lu's paintings, the outline of rocks, the tip of trees and the tip of moss are vigorous and full of thunder and rain; The brush strokes of clouds and water are light and elegant. The combination of rigidity and softness has produced a powerful charm in the world.

Quality and rhyme refer to the unity of meat quantity and shape. Quality is the physical essence of objective images.

In painting, no matter how well lines are drawn, if they are divorced from the object to be expressed, they will become worthless pen and ink games. Rhyme is the charm, rhythm and rhythm of line movement.

"Painting is silent music" means that a good painting, like touching notes, constitutes a wonderful and touching music. Quality is the pursuit of the "truth" of the objective object described, that is, it can have both spirit and form; Rhyme refers to the expression of subjective spirit through objective things, that is, it can be vivid and enjoyable.

Chinese painting requires the unity of subject and object, and "nature from the outside, heart from the inside" is the lifelong pursuit of Chinese painting. In the Complete Works of Pure Landscape in the Song Dynasty, Han Chunquan put forward: "There are three diseases in using a pen: one is the board; Second, the present; Three sections. "

The so-called "board" means that there is no wrist strength, the pen is not flexible, and the drawn pen line is flat and flat, and there is no rounded three-dimensional sense; The so-called "engraving" means that the strokes are too exposed, even angular, unnatural and lifeless; The so-called "knot" means that when you put pen to paper, you can't do it if you want to, but when you don't separate, the pen line will not be smooth. If you make these three mistakes with a pen, you can't talk about the beauty of lines.

Don't give it back to me.