What is the relationship between poets and saints and dugong temple?

In July12, Du Fu was born in Gong County, Henan Province, a family with literary tradition. His grandfather Du was a famous poet in the Eastern Wu Dynasty and a member of the official catering department at that time. His father, Du Xian, served as Sima of Yanzhou and magistrate of Fengtian County.

Du Fu began to learn poetry at the age of 7, and his poems attracted the attention of Luoyang celebrities at the age of 15. Du Fu began to roam in wuyue at the age of 20, and returned to Luoyang for promotion five years later, but he didn't make the list, and then he roamed Qi and Zhao.

Later, he met Li Bai, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, in Luoyang. They met each other after a brief encounter and forged a profound friendship. He also met Gao Shi, a famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and walked with Liang and Song.

Afterwards, Li Bai and Du Fu went to qi zhou together. After breaking up, they met on East Road and separated again. This is the last time that "Shi Xian" and "Shi Sheng" met. Du Fu's representative works in this period include Wang Yue, Cao Huma's poems and Li Bai.

After Du Fu was 30 years old, he first took the exam in Chang 'an and lived a life of "rich in the morning, fat at night and bitter everywhere". Finally, Cao Youwei led the government to join the army.

During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. Among them, his poem "Sing 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after he spent 10 years in Chang 'an.

In the first month of 75 1 year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held three festivals in succession. Du Fu took this opportunity to write three poems, which were written by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in Jixian Academy, but they were not reused.

In 755, the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, and Tongguan fell the following year. Du Fu made his home in Fuxian County, Yan 'an, and went to Tang Suzong alone. On the way, he was captured by Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an.

In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope and Love for the Head of the River.

Later, Du Fu fled to Fengxiang, Shaanxi. At that time, there was a learned room furniture, and Tang Suzong wanted to collect debts from him, because he defeated the rebel war with the Spring and Autumn Method unrealistically.

Du Fu is doing left-wing gleaning. When he wrote that Fang Yi was innocent, Su Zong was furious. Du Fu was demoted to Huazhou to join the army. Later, Du Fu recorded his knowledge and experience in the form of poems, which became his immortal works, namely "three officials": Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and "three farewell": newly married, resigned and homeless.

At the age of 48, Du Fu abandoned his official position and fled, taking his family with him, and finally arrived in Chengdu, where he lived a relatively stable life. Later, because of the melee between warlords in Shu, they drifted to Zizhou, Langzhou and Chengdu.

During his 10 years in the southwest, Du Fu wrote a large number of masterpieces, such as Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Shuxiang, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Climbing the Mountain and Looking at Yue.

One of the most famous poems is:

There are thousands of luxury houses in Ande, which makes all the poor people in the world very happy.

And "crawling" in:

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.

This is an eternal swan song. Du Fu's life experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, so he was more concerned about the country and the people and sympathized with the people's hard life. His poems express the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and a strong sense of hardship, so they are called "the history of poetry".

Du Fu's poems are good at ancient customs and rhythmic poems, with diverse styles, but mainly gloomy. Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty.

Du Fu wrote more than 65,438+0,500 poems in his life, most of which belong to realistic style, and many of them are masterpieces that have been handed down through the ages. The Collection of Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, in order to commemorate this great poet, people built an ancestral temple near Shaoling Plateau where he lived, that is, the east of Chang 'an, which was called "Dugong Temple" in history. Shaoling Plain in the north and Fan Chuan in the south, with lush flowers and elegant environment, has become a place of worship for literati.

According to relevant records, at that time, the Dugong Temple had one hall and two halls, each consisting of three pillars. On the east and west sides of the hall, there are two corridors similar to the hall, forming a quadrilateral. Around the door, hall and bedroom, there is a whole circle of walls. By the wall, weeping willows and fruit trees were planted.

Many literati in Ming and Qing dynasties came here to mourn and recite poems. Later, the Dugong Temple was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, and the main hall in the temple was well preserved, displaying many stone tablets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The trees are lush, and the Dugong Temple looms in the meantime, which is both towering and bright.

The rebuilt Dugong Temple is a quadrangle-style building complex. The gate is a brick-wood structure imitating the Tang Dynasty, with a depth of 3 meters, a height of 6.7 meters and a width of 4.3 meters. There are three halls in the center of Duke Du's ancestral hall. There is a clay statue of Du Fu on the altar in the hall, about 2 meters high. His face is thin and old, and his face is full of sadness, which truly shows the poet's mood of "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years and sighing hot in his intestines".

The most precious work in the temple is the rubbings of Nanshan Temple written by Du Fu in 750 AD, which is the only Mo Bao left by Du Fu.

There are three wings on the east and west sides of the Dugong Temple, all of which are typical brick and wood structures imitating the Tang Dynasty. On the wall hung Du Fu's biography, Du Fu's chronicle, Du Fu's footprint, Du Fu's genealogy table, Du Fu's trip to Chang 'an, and the pictures of "Three History" and "Three Farewells" drawn according to Du Fu's poems, Du Fu's poems in Ming and Qing Dynasties and famous poets' collections in Tang Dynasty.

In addition, there is a portrait tablet of Du Fu carved in Qing Dynasty. The portrait has a bust of Du Fu with clear outline and vivid lines. There are five large cement flower beds in the courtyard of Dugong Temple, and there are precious flowers and trees such as Chimonanthus praecox, Bauhinia rubescens and Lagerstroemia indica in the courtyard.

In the main hall, next to the statue of Du Fu, there is a very striking couplet:

Putting pen to paper scares the wind and rain, and poetry makes the gods cry.

The courtyard behind the Dugong Temple is densely covered with cypresses and arranged solemnly. In the right courtyard, there is an ancient tower of the Tang Dynasty left by Niutou Temple, with copper branches and iron claws, which has a strange shape and a posture like a black dragon soaring. In the front yard, there are several clusters of slightly higher and denser shrubs with lush foliage, which cover the huge courtyard, swaying tree shadows and chirping birds, which is even more beautiful.

There is an ancient well on the right back of Du Fu Hall, which is unfathomable. On one side is Little beilin district, a total of 6 pieces, which was first carved in 1026, and recorded several major renovations since the establishment of Dugong Temple. Among them, the shortest and least spectacular second stone tablet is called "Protecting the Law", which is outside the Niutou Temple monument next to it.

The Dugong Temple was once the "first scene in the south of Chang 'an", which has a high value in the history of China literature.