How to see whether an item is a set of quotas or a list?

If the quota is different from the list

1. When pricing by quota, the unit project cost consists of direct project cost, indirect cost, profit and tax. When pricing, first calculate the direct cost, and then calculate the cost, profit and tax according to the direct cost (or labor cost), and the total is the unit project cost. When the bill of quantities is used for valuation, the cost consists of five parts: bill of quantities (= ∑ bill of quantities × comprehensive unit price of the project), bill of measures, bill of other projects, fees and taxes. The consideration of this division is to separate the physical consumption in the construction process from the measured consumption, and only list the project name for the measured consumption, which will be determined by the bidder according to the requirements of the bidding documents, the construction site conditions and the construction plan, so as to reflect the cost competition based on the construction plan. For substantial consumption expenses, list the specific quantities, and the bidder shall quote the comprehensive unit price of each listed item.

2. The unit price composition of subdivisional work is different

When pricing by quota, the unit price of sectional works is the unit price of quantities, that is, it only includes labor, materials and machinery costs. The unit price of subdivisional works priced by bill of quantities is generally a comprehensive unit price, which includes management fees (site management fees and enterprise management fees), profits and necessary risk fees in addition to labor costs, materials costs and machinery costs. The adoption of comprehensive unit price is convenient for project payment, project cost adjustment and project settlement, and also avoids unnecessary disputes caused by "charging fees". The direct cost, expenses and profit in the comprehensive unit price are determined by the bidder according to the actual expenditure, profit expectation and bidding strategy of the enterprise, which is the reflection of the actual cost of the construction enterprise and the single price of the project. The quotation of comprehensive unit price is a process of individual pricing and market competition.

3. The division of unit projects is different.

According to the quota valuation of the project division, that is, the project division in the budget quota, there are thousands of projects in general civil engineering quota, and the division principle is very detailed according to different parts of the project, different materials, different processes, different construction machinery, different construction methods, material specifications and division principles. The division of engineering projects priced by bill of quantities is more comprehensive than that of fixed projects. The new code only covers 177 civil engineering, which takes into account the characteristics of engineering site, materials and technology, but does not consider specific construction methods or measures, such as labor or machinery, different types of machinery, etc. At the same time, the same project is not divided into several items according to stages or processes, but integrated together, such as concrete. The mixing (production), transportation, assembly and joint sealing of the same project can be integrated into one project, and the production, transportation, assembly, oil and hardware of doors and windows can also be integrated together, which can reduce the restriction of the original quota on the selection of process methods for construction enterprises and have more autonomy in quotation. The quantity in the bill of quantities should be comprehensive quantity, not "budget quantity" calculated by quota. Comprehensive engineering quantity is beneficial for enterprises to choose their own construction methods and bid on this basis, and it can also make enterprises get rid of dependence on quota and establish a quota price system for internal quotation and management.

4. Different pricing basis

This is the most fundamental difference between bill pricing and quota pricing. Quota is the only basis for valuation, and the main basis for valuation by bill of quantities is enterprise quota, including consumption standard of production factors, material price, construction machinery and equipment and management status, and various management fee expenditure standards. At present, most enterprises may not have enterprise quota, but with the popularization of bill of quantities valuation form and the increase of quotation practice, enterprises will gradually establish their own quota and corresponding project unit price. When the enterprise can quote the comprehensive unit price according to its own conditions and the relationship between market supply and demand, the pricing pattern of independent quotation and market competition (through bidding) will also be formed, which is the goal of bill of quantities. The essence of bill of quantities valuation is to change the government pricing model and establish the cost mechanism of market formation. Only by individualizing the pricing basis can we achieve this goal.