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Chen Jiongming (1878-1933) was born in Haifeng, Guangdong. . During the Republic of China, the military and political leaders in Guangdong persisted in the political proposition of [joint provincial autonomy] all their lives and devoted themselves to reunifying China through peaceful negotiations. They were at odds with Sun Yat-sen's [centralization] and the political program of reunifying China by force, and eventually parted ways and turned against each other, becoming unpopular controversial figures of the two parties in China. After retiring from politics, he retired to Hong Kong to help Hong Men, the largest overseas Chinese organization, transform into china zhi gong party and become the first prime minister of the party. He died in Hong Kong, and was buried in Weizishan near the West Lake in Huizhou, Guangdong the following year.

1898 scholar in the middle of Qing dynasty. 1906 The first students of Guangdong University of Political Science and Law, including Zou Lu among their classmates and Zhu Zhixin and Gu Yingfen among their teachers. 1908 graduated with honors. [1] The following year, he was elected as a member of the Guangdong Provincial Consultative Bureau and joined the League in Shanghai. 19 10 participated in the Guangdong New Army Uprising in Niyingdian, failed, and went to Hong Kong to participate in the assassination group organized by Liu Sifu. [2] In March of the following year, he participated in the Huanghuagang Uprising and served as the captain of the fourth team of the death squads in an attempt to bomb the Guangdong Navy. It is also said that he escaped from the battle [3]. After Wuchang Uprising in June+10, 5438, he went to Dongjiang to organize the People's Army Uprising and participated in the anti-Huizhou campaign. Later, he served as deputy governor and acting governor of Guangdong. 19 13 participated in the second revolution, and went to Singapore for business after failure. During this period, Dr. Sun Yat-sen reorganized the China Revolutionary Party, demanded an oath and personally swore allegiance to him, but Chen Jiongming did not attend. 19 16 returned to Guangdong to establish the Guangdong army as commander-in-chief and opposed Yuan Shikai. After Yuan's death, the Beijing government made him a "general".

19 17 supported Sun Yat-sen's southward movement and launched a war to protect France against the Beijing government. He supported and helped Sun Wen's development in Guangdong militarily.

Its contribution to Guangdong is:

Politically, the implementation of "joint provincial autonomy" has made Guangdong a "model province" in the country. Modern political institutions have been established, such as: the formal establishment of Guangzhou is led by it; The legislative, administrative, financial, auditing and other institutions operate in an orderly manner. Promote democratic autonomy at the grass-roots level, streamline institutions and promote social progress. ?

Economically, Guangdong achieved the best development during the Republic of China by setting up industries, building expressways and supporting private enterprises. ?

In education, private schools are thriving, ranking first in the country; Develop public education and implement free education; Chen Duxiu was invited as the director of the Provincial Education Department. ?

In social life, getting rid of bad habits, mainly smoking and gambling, makes it extinct and has good folk customs. ?

After leaving office, he founded china zhi gong party as a prime minister, and continued to strive for the unification and prosperity of China.

Chen Jiongming, whose real name is Jingcun, was born in Haifeng, Guangdong. Born in1878,65438+1October 13, died in Hong Kong on September 22nd, 1933. 1909 was elected as a member of Guangdong Provincial Consultative Bureau. 19 13 after the failure of the second revolution, he went to Singapore and other places to do business. 19 17 supported Sun Yat-sen's southward protection and was appointed commander-in-chief of Fujian and Guangdong reinforcements. 1920, the Ministry has grown to more than 20,000 people. In August, he was ordered to lead the Yue Army to Li, Guangdong Province, expel Gui Jun, and in June+10, 5438, he occupied Guangzhou and served as the commander-in-chief of the Yue Army and the governor of Guangdong Province. . 192 1 the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou in may? As interior minister and army chief of staff? . 1922 In April, Sun Yat-sen was removed from all his posts except the chief of the army for opposing the Northern Expedition, which caused dissatisfaction among his subordinates. Finally, in June of 1922, the Guangdong military department surrounded the presidential palace with Ye Ju and his troops, with the intention of expelling Sun Yat-sen 1925. He settled in Hong Kong, devoted himself to the formation of china zhi gong party and served as the first prime minister. 1933 died in Hong Kong in September and moved to Huizhou, Guangdong in the following year.

Guangdong was built during Chen Jiongming's administration. Its political proposition is that the provincial constitution should be based on "joint provincial autonomy", which is the federalism of American state constitutions. However, the official historical view of the Kuomintang in China and the * * * production party in China has always believed that Chen Jiongming's "joint provincial autonomy" recognizes the ruling status of the Beiyang government, which will still lead to a disguised warlord regime. Others think that he is a practitioner of China's federal constitutional government.

◆ Life?

1878, a native of Haifeng, Guangdong, formerly known as Jie, praised it and argued for it; ?

1898, China scholar; ?

1906 went to Guangzhou to study at Guangdong University of Political Science and Law, 1908 graduated with honors; ?

From 65438 to 0909, he served as a member of Guangdong Consultation Bureau, and put forward some suggestions, such as "abolishing the accumulated malpractices of yamen", "abolishing on-the-spot justice", "organizing local autonomy in towns and villages", "building Hu Hui Railway" and "banning all gambling". 1 1 Together with Qiu and others, he was promoted to be a representative and went to Shanghai to attend the joint meeting of provincial consultation bureaus and join the delegation; ?

19 10, participating in the liaison work of Guangzhou new army uprising; ?

19 1 1 year, under the overall planning of the leading organs of Guangzhou Uprising, he was appointed as the director of lesson preparation and deputy director of dispatching class, and he was also determined to lead a team to attack the governor's office. After the Wuchang Uprising, it was sent to Dongjiang by the Southern Branch of the League to organize the uprising of the people's army and recover Huizhou. ?

19 1 1 year, the Guangdong military government was established, promoted to vice governor, and soon became acting governor; ?

19 13 declared Guangdong independence and denounced Yuan Shikai. After his failure, he fled to Hong Kong and transferred to Singapore. ?

19 15 contacted a group of former Kuomintang members to form China Water Conservancy Promotion Association; ?

19 16 returned to Dongjiang, Guangdong Province, launched a garrison and civilian uprising, and participated in the struggle for Yuan. ?

19 17, Li, Chairman of Beijing Municipal Government, awarded the General Medal. Participated in the protection movement, served as the commander-in-chief of the Fujian-Guangdong army, occupied Tingzhou, Zhangzhou and Longyan in southwest Fujian, and established base areas, which were called "Minnan Protected Area" in history; ?

1In August, 920, he led the Guangdong Army back to Guangdong from Guangxi, defeated the Guangxi warlords who occupied Guangdong, and was appointed as the governor of Guangdong Province and commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army. ?

192 1 in may, he was appointed by sun yat-sen as the minister of war and the minister of the interior of the government of the Republic of China, actively participated in the "joint provincial autonomy" movement and opposed sun yat-sen's northern expedition; In June, Ren Guijun, commander in chief, marched into Guangxi and captured the whole territory of Guangxi.

1April, 922, he declined to go to Wuzhou to discuss the Northern Expedition with Sun Yat-sen. Later, Sun Yat-sen removed him from the posts of Governor of Guangdong, Commander-in-Chief of the Guangdong Army, and Chief of the Interior Office. Later, he retreated to Huizhou, and his subordinates Ye Ju and other generals were dissatisfied with Sun Yat-sen's actions such as breaking his word and crossing the river and kicking the bridge. /kloc-In June of 0/6, they sent troops to surround the Presidential Palace and Yuexiu Building, intending to drive Sun Yat-sen out of Guangdong. /kloc-in August of 0/5, Chen Jiongming returned to Guangzhou and served as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army.

1923, after being defeated by the West Road East Expeditionary Army composed of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong, Chen Jiongming led his troops to retreat to Dongjiang. ?

1925, the revolutionary army completely defeated its headquarters in two expeditions to the east, then took refuge in Hong Kong, and later reorganized Hong Men into china zhi gong party; ?

1933 passed away in Hong Kong on September 22nd.

[Edit this paragraph] Behind the evaluation

Guangdong was built during Chen Jiongming's administration. Its political proposition is that the provincial constitution should be based on "joint provincial autonomy", which is the federalism of American state constitutions. However, the official historical view of the Kuomintang in China and the * * * production party in China has always believed that Chen Jiongming's "joint provincial autonomy" recognizes the ruling status of the Beiyang government, which will still lead to a disguised warlord regime. Others think that he is a practitioner of China's federal constitutional government.

Its main influence on Guangdong is:

Politically, he opposed Sun Wen's Northern Expedition and advocated "joint provincial autonomy". The formal establishment of Guangzhou was led by it, which set up legislative, administrative, financial, auditing and other institutions to promote grass-roots autonomy, streamline troops and simplify administration, and share interests with the people. ?

Economically, set up industries, build roads and support private enterprises. ?

In education, the establishment of private schools is the highest in the country; Develop public education and implement free education; Please Chen Duxiu as the Minister of Education of the province. ?

In social life, smoking and gambling are mainly prohibited, but the effect is not particularly obvious.