Does Yan Chongnian speak Qing history well?

Not so good. Yan Chongnian's speech was too extreme. During the sixty years of Ming Dynasty's death and Qing Dynasty's prosperity, he seriously vilified the Ming Dynasty, which was offensive. There are too many mistakes. I will make a copy for you.

2011-1-2818:13 One of the "fallacies" of Yan: Emperor Wanli, his brother and his son occupied a large amount of land, reaching 865,438+10,000 mu. At that time, there were cultivated land all over the country.

Counterparty: According to the historical records of the Ming Dynasty, the correct figure should be 1.6%.

The second myth of Yan Miao: Zhang died in the 12th year of Wanli (1584).

Against: Zhang lived for two more years under the care of Mr. Yan! The correct time should be ten years of Wanli (1582). This mistake can also be found in Mr. Yan's masterpiece "Sixty Years of Ming Dying and Qing Xing", page 15, "Twelve Years of Wanli (1584), Zhang died."

Yan's third fallacy: When Emperor Wanli raided Zhang's home, Yan Chongnian specifically mentioned Zhang's mother-'an 80-year-old man! But then the conversation turned to Zhang's family, who starved to death when they raided the house, and Zhang's mother, an 80-year-old man, also disappeared! I didn't even post a search for you.

Opposing party: I didn't know that the old man was living on the street, but the actual historical fact is that Wanli didn't show much affection for Zhang's mother, but gave 1 1,000 mu of land and an empty house to Zhang's old mother for the elderly.

Myth 4: When talking about the disadvantages of Wanli tax, Mr. Yan said that many people in Liaodong went to Houjin Nurhachi because they didn't have to pay taxes.

Opposing Party: According to the historical records of one side of the pass, most people in Liaodong Pass were taken captive by the late Jin army. Nurhachi's haircut order played an important role in preventing the captured "coated slaves" from escaping.

The fifth fallacy of Yan: 162 1 year, a large number of Manchu soldiers and civilians came to Liaodong, where they had no fixed place and needed resettlement urgently. Opposing Party: In order to stabilize people's hearts, Nurhachi first carried out "planning and granting land" to people of all ethnic groups who were incorporated into the Eight Banners, stipulating that 1 male species had 5 hectares of grain fields and 1 hectare of cotton fields were merged into one village, which was produced under the unified management of cattle, with grain as servants, to solve the problems of military pay and the source of troops. At the same time, a large number of jurchen moved in. In order to solve the problem of food and shelter for these moved jurchen, Nurhachi ordered the houses of Liaodong aborigines to be shared with jurchen, and the food should be eaten and cultivated together. Local residents should not only provide food and shelter to Jurchen, but also truthfully declare how much food they have at home and supply food according to Jurchen population every month.

Except for a few clothes kept by local people, most of them should be given to jurchen. Jurchen often insults local people's wives and daughters at will, and the local people lose their freedom to act at will, so that the local people actually become serfs! The following are some historical materials at that time:

1. After the Manchu entered the customs, it continued to plunder the population. Non-jurchen officials always send Ningguta to armor as a slave when committing crimes. In August of the second year of Shunzhi, Xin Si ordered the Ministry of War to "capture the population alive and reward the injured people who went to the city as usual." ("Records of Qing Taizu")

2. The serfs suffered inhuman abuse and committed a large number of suicides. In the early years of Kangxi, "At the age of Eight Banners, there were no fewer than 2,000 people who reported themselves to the Ministry" (Draft of Qing History). From this, it is estimated that there were no fewer than/kloc-0.0 million serfs who committed suicide in the decades before and after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. There are not a few people who have been abused to death.

3. Due to the crazy political abuse in Qing Dynasty, a large number of serfs fled. "In just a few months, there are tens of thousands of fugitives." It seems that local residents still want to go back and pay Wanli tax!

The sixth fallacy of Yan: people are lazy when they are fat, Emperor Wanli is a big fat man, and a little eunuch has to hold his stomach when he walks with a big stomach. Counterparty: I don't know where Teacher Yan came from. This seems to be a joke about An Lushan in New Tang Book.

Yan's "fallacy" 7: Emperor Wanli didn't care about suburbs and temples (he didn't care about people's livelihood and couldn't worship heaven and earth). Against: In the eleventh year of Wanli, there was no rain in the north, and Wanli came to the suburbs of Beijing to pray for rain. He should have been carried to the Temple of Heaven with flippers, but Emperor Wanli insisted on walking in the scorching sun. Unclear roads and unclean streets let people see themselves. Emperor Wanli is well-dressed, handsome and handsome, and his demeanor is admired by all the people!

Eight of Yan's "fallacies": Accusing the Ming emperor, but only talking about the Wanli emperor, with a heavy expression and a weak voice. While praising the Manchu emperor, most people said Kangxi. When he said it, his spirit was bright and his eyes were bright, as if he saw the guiding light and the sun in his heart! Against: Among the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, Wanli's political achievements should be ranked at the bottom, which is equivalent to Daoguang and Xianfeng in the Qing court, but it is far higher than Daoguang in resisting foreign aggression. Teacher Yan's practice is to learn from Tian Ji's horse racing-compare the bad horses with the good ones.

The ninth fallacy of strictness: equating "not facing North Korea" with "ignoring state affairs"

The opposing side: Wanli's "not facing the DPRK" does not mean "ignoring the state affairs". Wanli personally made major decisions of the country and the army, such as the three major expeditions. In the past 200 years, the Ming Dynasty has formed an effective cabinet. In China ancient feudal farming society, as long as it is not faced with sudden major events, the bureaucratic team can handle official business with established rules. Moreover, the "party struggle" in the Ming Dynasty was conducive to the stability of the emperor's power because of the struggle and mutual supervision between bureaucratic collectives.

The Ming dynasty was open for most of the time, and it was active in learning and applying western science and technology. The advanced level of science and technology in Ming Dynasty is embodied in the scientific and technological work "Heavenly Creations". However, such great scientific and technological works disappeared completely in China before the policy of banning culture in Qing Dynasty, and only recently did they return to China from Japan.

The tenth fallacy of Yan: "the prosperous time of Kang Gan" is far better than that of Ming Dynasty.

Against: The establishment of Manchu Dynasty seriously hindered the development of modern science and technology in China. 1840 during the opium war, the musket technology of the Qing army was still in the17th century, which was not only inferior in manufacture, but also few in quantity, and the naval technology was even inferior to that of the Ming dynasty. Unfortunately, the Qing court took advantage of the civil strife in the Ming Dynasty to look down on the Ming army equipped with firearms, thinking that it was really the world on horseback. Since Gerdan was suppressed, firearms have not developed or even regressed. For example:

(1) During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the whole country made great efforts to copy a batch of Ji Shen guns made in the late Ming Dynasty to equip the Eight Banners artillery team, but the range of the guns made was less than half that of the original guns.

(2) Before the Opium War, it was recorded in Guan Tianpei's diary that the maximum range of the 9,000-kilo cannon (not mortar) manufactured by the Qing army at that time was only1.200m. You should know that the 1,000-kilo cannon of the Ming Dynasty was much more than this.

(3) When the Qing soldiers were carried away by the British flowering shells in the two Opium Wars and regarded the flowering shells as sacred objects, they completely forgot that their Nurhachi was killed by the Ming army's flowering shells. At that time, there were a large number of Ming Dynasty flowering shells covered with cobwebs in the Eight Banners gun depot in Beijing.

(4) During the reign of Kangxi, Dai Li, a brilliant weapon inventor, invented the "Julian Pin", which can fire 28 rounds of lead bullets at a time. It is very powerful. At that time, it was a wonder of ancient and modern times, ranking first in the middle and west, more than 200 years earlier than the machine gun invented in Europe. He also made a pan-gut gun and a general Weiyuan gun. The Weiyuan General Gun he invented is similar to the modern howitzer, with long range, fierce firepower and great power. However, the Qing government still did not care, saying that "Manchu riding and shooting should be highly valued, and we should not specialize in shotgun and waste bows and arrows. Be familiar with guns and arrows immediately and encourage Excellence. " Dai Zi, a genius, was finally expelled from the army.

Yan's "fallacy" eleven: The emperor of the Qing Dynasty was a minority, so he was different from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in dealing with the relations between various ethnic groups. Manchu-Qing ethnic relations are the best period in China's history.

On the other hand: the Manchu dictatorship distrusted non-Manchu people, and the cabinet, including the later military department, became a responsive staff advisory body, losing its decision-making power. The Qing emperor wanted to be diligent, and he had turned himself into a loner. On the one hand, the Manchu emperor wooed other intellectuals and gave the monarch the exclusive right to "cultivate" slave talents; On the other hand, he "shaved his head and changed his clothes", enslaved the people with a hundred years of literary inquisition and slaughtered alien thoughts. In addition, it also formed an unprecedented bureaucratic expansion, which led to the inefficiency of the Qing court administrative organs and the prevalence of flattery. Manchu economy emphasizes agriculture and inhibits commerce, which hinders the normal development of Chinese national capitalism. The backwardness of the Manchu dynasty was rooted in its ruling ideology and mentality.

The twelfth fallacy of Yan: Kangxi was diligent, not only familiar with China's traditional culture, but also extensively dabbled in western advanced science.

Opposing party: Emperor Kangxi only regarded this as a capital to improve his ruling ability and show off to his subjects, and did not touch the cultural autocracy and closed-door policy of the ignorant people in the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi's "respect for teachers" is to treat intellectuals as domestic slaves, and his prince teacher always stands in front of students to give lectures. Advanced technology and culture are just games and toys of the Manchu royal family. Not really applied to production and social life. As a ruler from a culturally backward group, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty devoted himself to the policy of ignorance.

Kangxi only kept a few missionaries in the palace, fiddling with some primary machinery and technology in the eyes of westerners. Yongzheng hated missionaries and even gave up his father's little scientific hobby. The biggest thing is to let missionaries paint portraits of themselves with western paintings. When he arrived in Qianlong, he even thought that "China is everywhere" and despised western science and technology even more. When his grandson Daoguang was at war with Britain, he had never seen a map of the world and asked people everywhere how far Britain was from Xinjiang.

Yan thirteenth fallacy: the territory of China was laid by the Qing Dynasty. East to the sea, west to the Antarctic Zengmu shoal, west to the green ridge, northwest to Balkhash Lake, north to the desert, and northeast to Xing 'an Mountains, with a territorial area of about12.5 million square kilometers.

Against: At its peak, the Ming Dynasty had more than 20 million square kilometers of territory directly under its jurisdiction, much larger than that of the Qing Dynasty. Today, the Russian Museum still preserves the administrative boundary markers established in Siberia in the Ming Dynasty, but after Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, China's forces completely withdrew from these areas. Due to the closed-door policy of the Qing Dynasty, it lost a lot of territory in the middle and late period of its rule, leaving a historical burden on modern China.

The fourteenth fallacy of Yan: the compilation of cultural classics in the Qing Dynasty, the compilation and revision of ancient and modern books, the Sikuquanshu, the Manchu Tripitaka, the origin of the calendar table, the acyclic old files (also known as Manchu old files) and Manchu files. , leaving important historical documents for future generations.

On the contrary: When compiling The Complete Book of Si Ku in Qing Dynasty, historical records "destroyed more books than compiled them", and more than half of China's classics were burned simply because they didn't meet the taste of the rulers of Qing Dynasty. The surviving books have been tampered with beyond recognition, and even Manjianghong has been tampered with. In the Qing Dynasty, when compiling the History of the Ming Dynasty, all the unfavorable contents were deleted, and the Ming Emperor's A Record of Juren Zhu Ming was also destroyed. Fortunately, at that time, the editor secretly copied Shi Lu and took it out of the palace, which has finally spread to this day, letting people know the true history of the Ming Dynasty.

Fifteenth of the strict "fallacy": protecting historical relics during the establishment of the Qing Dynasty. Dourgen rebelled against the practice of burning, destroying, demolishing and abandoning palaces in previous dynasties, and ordered the protection, repair and utilization of the forbidden palace in Yanjing, Ming Dynasty. "Throughout the history of China, before the unified dynasties-Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, the kings who revived the country were all in the palaces of the previous dynasties, and there was no case in history."

Against: Cao Wei did not destroy the palaces of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty did not destroy the palaces of Wei Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty did not destroy the palaces of Sui Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty did not destroy the capital of Yuan Dynasty, and the Republic of China did not destroy the Forbidden City of Qing Dynasty.

-say a few more words, why has the impression of the Ming Dynasty been so bad in everyone's eyes? I have to say that Ming History, coupled with the infinite beautification of braid scenes in film and television dramas, has no language at all.

Some people say that the Ming dynasty you mentioned was much better than the Qing dynasty, but it was not destroyed by the Qing dynasty in the end. Ladies and gentlemen, the Ming Dynasty is dead. I don't need to say more about which is worse, the late Ming Dynasty or the late Qing Dynasty. Nowadays, a small group of people always compare the best and worst of others. Well, I won't say much about this question.