How to raise piglets after weaning?

Feeding and management of weaned piglets

Although piglets learn to eat a little feed before weaning, they still take breast milk as their main food. After weaning, the nutritional source of piglets has completely changed from breast milk to feed, which has changed a lot. If the piglets eat different feed after weaning, the stress of piglets will be greater, and piglets will often not eat. Therefore, the core of feeding management of weaned piglets is to reduce the harm of stress response to piglets.

Feeding of weaned piglets:

(A) do a good job of weaning

1 Select the appropriate weaning age.

Weaning time: 4-8 weeks 60 days old. That is, the shortest is 2 1 day and the longest is 60 days, which is determined according to the health status of suckling pigs and the milk yield of sows.

Due to the physiological characteristics of piglets, if the weaning age is too young and the stress response is large, it will easily lead to indigestion, diarrhea, emaciation, decreased disease resistance and high mortality. However, the bigger the weaning day, the better. Being too old will not only reduce the utilization rate of sows, delay the estrus of sows, but also inhibit the rapid growth of piglets. When piglets reach a certain age, their food intake is increasing day by day, and breast milk alone is far from meeting their needs. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable age for weaning and feed them with palatable feed to fully meet their feeding needs. This not only improves the feed return rate, but also enhances the immunity of piglets. Clinical experience shows that under the condition of good feeding level, it is appropriate to choose 28 ~ 35 days for weaning. At this time, the digestive organs of piglets are more perfect, their immunity is slightly stronger, and they have certain resistance to diseases. Or if the sow is thin, it should be weaned in advance. However, if the sow's milk is too much, in order to prevent mastitis, the weaning time should be postponed appropriately.

2 Weaning method

According to the actual production situation, it can be weaned in one time, or in batches or step by step (gradually reducing the number of breastfeeding times every day and completely disconnecting after 3 ~ 5 days, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming). If the piglets in the same litter have little difference in weight, they can be weaned in the whole litter; If the piglets in the same litter are uneven, we can consider weaning in batches, which is beneficial to the balanced development of piglets, but the disadvantage is that sows often delay estrus; Because each has its own advantages and disadvantages, it should be used flexibly according to the specific situation. For example, in order to reduce the stress of piglets after weaning, gradually weaning is generally chosen.

The newly weaned piglets often show loss of appetite due to the sudden change of living conditions, and usually reduce their food intake, gain weight slowly, and even lose weight, especially for piglets fed late. Recent studies show that weaned piglets can gain 1 kg within1week after weaning, so they can reach the slaughter weight 15 days earlier than pigs that can only maintain their weight due to insufficient feeding. The reason of low feed intake is still the physiological abnormality caused by the stress of sudden weaning and completely self-feeding. Therefore, early weaned piglets have special requirements for feed. First of all, it should be easy to digest and the digestibility is high. Feeds containing too much crude fiber must be restricted. Eating high digestibility diet within 7 ~ 10 days after weaning can reduce the total daily intake, but it can meet the nutritional needs of piglets and will not cause diarrhea due to excessive gastrointestinal burden. Therefore, we must first find ways to improve the energy level and lysine level of feed. The incidence of diarrhea can be reduced by reducing the crude protein level in the diet in the first week. In the choice of raw materials, corn, fish meal and a part of fried soybean meal can be selected. You can also use some dairy products if you have the conditions.

(2) Formula of weaned piglets: corn 70. 15%, fried soybean meal 22.0%, fish meal 5.0%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, stone powder 0.55%, salt 0.3% and premix 1%. The premix includes adding 2.5 mg of flavomycin and 50 mg of oxytetracycline to each kilogram of feed for disease prevention and growth promotion. At the same time, trace elements are added: trace elements have great influence on the growth and development of piglets and can obviously promote growth. Comprises adding 540mg of copper sulfate, 564mg of ferrous sulfate, 570mg of zinc sulfate, 80mg of manganese sulfate, 0.66mg of potassium iodide, 0/./kloc-0.5mg of sodium selenite and 0/.2mg of cobalt chloride to each kilogram of material. Premix can not be prepared by itself, but can be bought in the market. It's much cheaper to make your own ingredients. For example, digestive enzymes such as protease and amylase are added to feed to help digestion; Adding citric acid acidifier can reduce the pH value of gastrointestinal tract, and the digestive enzyme activity of gastrointestinal tract of piglets is stronger in acidic environment, which can promote the digestion of feed.

Weaned piglets are in the growth stage of rapid physical development, so it is best to feed ingredients all the time to make pigs grow faster and sell faster, which saves materials rather than prolonging the slaughter time without feeding ingredients. However, the feeding amount should be flexibly controlled according to the growth and development situation.

(3) In order to have a good weaning pass, it is necessary to maintain the feed and feeding system.

Feed transition: In order to reduce the feed stress of piglets after weaning, it is best to feed them with the original lactating feed within 2 weeks of weaning, so as not to affect their appetite and cause diseases. The feeding time of suckling pig feed can be determined according to the weaning age, growth and health status of piglets. Generally, the younger the weaning age, the longer it takes to feed suckling pigs. Don't suddenly switch from piglet feed to piglet feed, but adopt a gradual transition method: gradually increase one to twenty percent of piglet feed every day, and reduce the corresponding piglet feed at the same time, and feed the two feeds after mixing. In the process of transformation, if severe diarrhea is found in piglets, the transformation speed can be appropriately slowed down to reduce the feed ratio of piglets. For example, weaned piglets imported from different places should buy back part of the original feed and gradually change the feed later.

Feeding system transition: it is best to limit feeding and eat less and more meals after weaning 1 week. In the first 2-3 days, feed it about 4 times a day, and the amount of each feeding should be within 2 hours to prevent diarrhea caused by overeating. When piglets excrete feces normally (about 5-7 days after weaning), they are free to feed again, and the frequency and quantity of feeding are gradually increased every day. Within half a month after weaning, the daily feeding frequency is more than that of lactation 1 ~ 2 times. This is mainly to feed the piglets once at 9 ~ 10 minutes in the evening 1 time to prevent the piglets from being upset by hunger. However, the feeding amount should not be too much each time, so that piglets can maintain a strong appetite. Gradually change it to 3-4 times later. When adding feed to piglets, wait until the piglets finish the previous feed before putting it in, so as to avoid the old feed remaining at the bottom and corner of the box, causing mildew and deterioration. When old, caked, moldy and deteriorated feed is found in the feed trough, it should be removed in time to prevent diarrhea or poisoning of piglets after eating. If the concentrate is not enough, it is necessary to gradually add green material from less to more to make it full. Diarrhea may occur in the first few days after feeding green feed, which is the adaptation process of piglets and will be normal after 2-3 days. In addition, the combination of clinker and raw materials can also increase the appetite of piglets. Piglets should supply clean drinking water after eating a large amount of concentrated feed to avoid diarrhea caused by drinking sewage or urine.

2. Management of weaned piglets

(a) Reducing environmental stress

1. 3 ~ 5 days before grouping, let the piglets eat in the same trough, exercise together and get familiar with each other. Then according to gender, individual size, eating speed and so on. Scientific experiments showed that the average weight gain of piglets who changed pens on the weaning day was only 0.02g, while the average weight gain of piglets who stayed in the original pen 1 week was 0.08 ~ 0.20 g, and the mortality rate was significantly lower than that of piglets who changed pens on the same day.

2 Reduce mental stress: In the first few days after weaning, piglets often show mental anxiety, chirp and look for sows. In order to reduce the anxiety and mental stress of piglets, intermittent weaning can be used to make piglets eat more and milk less, and gradually transition to complete weaning, and gradually adapt to independent life after leaving sows.

3. Create a comfortable small environment: Weaned piglets must have a shed with sufficient sunshine, suitable temperature, clean and dry, warm in winter and cool in summer. Piglets should be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected and covered with padding before entering the pigsty to create a comfortable environment for weaned piglets.

(2) Before piglets are reasonably grouped into pens, the pens should be cleaned and disinfected. A few days before weaning, piglets often show mental anxiety, chirp and look for sows. In order to reduce the environmental pressure of piglets after weaning, sows can be driven out of the pen when weaning, and piglets will stay in the original pen without leaving or merging the pen. Don't mix and match nests. Half a month after weaning, when the performance of piglets is basically stable, then adjust the circle and nest. It is best to use the piglets in the original nest to live together and avoid social interference. If multiple nests are combined, we should pay attention to the principle that the size, weight, physique and habits of each group are roughly equal to prevent bullying and fighting with each other. If the piglet population is too large or the area occupied by each piglet is too small, if there are not many feeding troughs, piglets will easily fight with each other, resulting in insufficient rest and insufficient feed intake, thus affecting the development of piglets. A group of weaned piglets should be 15 ~ 20, not less than more. Otherwise, it will lead to fierce struggle for group ranking, which will affect the growth and development of weak piglets, resulting in an increasing difference in individual weight in the same column and an increase in backward weak piglets. The average area of each head is 0.5~0.8m2, and generally the area of each group is about 10m2. If the floor in the stall of the piglet breeding house can be raised on the net or the floor (the gap between the bottom of the net and the metal strip is 1? 5 cm, about 40-60 cm from the ground) is better. In addition, when catching pigs, don't scratch your ears and throw them around. Carefully grab the hind foot or pick it up and put it on the ground. When the piglets are raised to about 25 kg (about 70 days old), they can be transferred to the growth house.

(3) Pay attention to cold-proof and heat-preservation piglets are particularly afraid of cold in the early stage of weaning, so pay special attention to heat preservation two weeks before weaning. It is required that the temperature in the first week is 28℃, which is 2℃-3℃ higher than that at the end of lactation, and then it will drop by 2℃ every week until it is 22℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should not be too large. Generally, the temperature at night is lower than during the day. It is advisable to control the temperature difference between 5℃ and 6℃, and at the same time, it is necessary to put an end to the emergence of direct flow in the house. Especially in northern winter and early spring, the climate is cold, and they often lie together and squeeze each other, which is easy to crush piglets and get sick, which seriously affects the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, we must pay attention to the cold-proof measures of pens, and if possible, we can build warm pens and plastic greenhouses to feed weaned piglets.

(4) Strengthening training is mainly about eating, urinating and sleeping. Pigs have a keen sense of smell and strong imitation, and like to defecate where there is water. Therefore, we can make use of these characteristics to thoroughly clean and disinfect the pigsty before grouping, and then spread some mats at the designated sleeping place to drain the water in the sink, leaving a small amount of feces and urine at the scheduled place for defecation and urination. When the pigs enter the pen, the breeder should walk around the house to prevent the pigs from biting each other. In the morning and evening, before and after each meal, the piglets are driven to the designated place to excrete feces and urine. Put some cushions where you sleep. -After 3-5 days of training, you can get along with others and form the habit of defecation.

(five) do a good job in environmental health and disease prevention:

1. Do a good job in environmental sanitation: implement the system of empty column disinfection and pig disinfection to reduce pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfect the delivery room and nursery alternately 10 ~ 15 days. When the column is empty, clean it thoroughly and then disinfect it thoroughly with 2%~3% caustic soda solution. After leaving the column empty for 5 ~ 7 days, disinfect it with 1 disinfectant 1 time, and rinse it with clean water after leaving the column empty for 2 ~ 3 days. In daily work, we should also implement the system of disinfection with pigs. When disinfecting pigs, we should pay attention to thoroughly disinfecting the dead corner of pigsty and the bottom of net bed. In addition, the enclosure should be warm, ventilated, dry and sanitary, providing a good feeding environment for piglets, which can greatly reduce the incidence and improve the survival rate of piglets.

2. Do a good job in disease prevention and control:

In the current intensive pig production, the production of suckling pigs (weaned to 65 ~ 70 days old) is a very sensitive and key link in the whole pig raising process. Because the weight gain and health status of piglets during the conservation period will have an extremely important impact on their later development. Piglets are prone to stress syndrome and diarrhea after weaning, so it is very important to prevent and treat these two diseases.

2. 1 Prevention and treatment of stress syndrome

At present, the common problem of suckling piglets is post-weaning stress syndrome, which is characterized by poor mental state, poor breathing, diarrhea, poor appetite or refusal to eat, poor growth or stagnation (even negative growth), stiff pigs and even death, which reduces the reproductive rate of suckling piglets. Therefore, in the production management of protecting pigs, besides providing reasonable compound feed, suitable temperature, ventilation, cleaning, vaccination and other necessary work, appropriate anti-stress syndrome drugs should also be added to their feed. For example, antiviral powder 1 and water-soluble amoxicillin can be added to improve the breeding rate of piglets. Adding anti-stress syndrome drugs in the pig-raising stage can reduce the production cost, improve the growth performance of pigs, and thus improve the economic benefits.

2.2 Prevention and treatment of diarrhea

Diarrhea after weaning is a difficult problem in the feeding of lean pigs, and its etiology is complex, so it is very difficult to eradicate it completely. But through comprehensive technical measures and patient and meticulous management of piglets before and after weaning, diarrhea after weaning can be completely controlled.

Yellow and white dysentery caused by Escherichia coli and diarrhea caused by other bacteria and viruses are very common. The main reasons are low temperature, high humidity, lax disinfection, Escherichia coli infection, diarrhea virus infection and parasitic infection. Diarrhea caused by external environment can be solved by strengthening feeding management, such as keeping warm and disinfecting. Sows are vaccinated 20 ~ 30 days before delivery, so that the antibody level in breast milk reaches a certain level, and piglets are resistant to Escherichia coli infection and diarrhea virus infection after breastfeeding. Parasitic infections are mostly transmitted vertically from sows to piglets, which can be repelled three weeks before delivery, and anti-insect drugs, such as 2kg/t Fenfeijing or 700 g/t carbendazim, are added to sow feed; You can also inject drugs such as Xuechongjing and Tongmie into muscle.

For piglets with diarrhea, sensitive antibiotics can be screened for symptomatic treatment through drug sensitivity test. Generally, there are enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, Shigella, amoxicillin, sulfonamides, kanamycin, norfloxacin and other drugs. The sick pigs with severe diarrhea were treated with diarrhea drugs and supplemented with glucose injection and 0.9% physiological saline to enhance their physique. Feeding rehydration salts to diarrhea piglets can reduce their dehydration degree and thus reduce their mortality.

2.3 Pest control: The internal parasites infected by suckling piglets, such as ascaris and pulmonary filariasis, have matured, and lice parasitic on unhealthy skin may spread. At this time, the internal and external parasites should be expelled in time: at the age of 50~60 days, choose warm sunny days, spray 1%-2% trichlorfon on pigs, and pay attention to the liquid medicine. When necessary, at the age of 90~ 120 days, subcutaneous injection of 1% ivermectin 0.3mg.

2.4 Vaccination: such as injection of triple freeze-dried vaccine (live vaccine) of swine fever, swine erysipelas and swine pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and blue ear disease vaccine. At the age of 2 ~ 4 months, live or inactivated porcine pseudorabies vaccine was inoculated. Imported attenuated freeze-dried vaccine K6 1 was used in epidemic areas or threatened areas, and piglets were injected with 0.5ml intramuscular injection 1 ml after weaning; Shelf pigs over 3 months old1ml; The immune period is 1 year.