What are the ornamental characteristics of garden plants?

Garden plants have various shapes, leaves have various shapes and colors, flowers and fruits are beautiful and fragrant, and both individuals and groups have their own ornamental characteristics.

(1) Trees with different tree shapes and ornamental characteristics have different tree shapes, and various tree shapes are one of the factors that constitute the landscape. According to the needs of beautification configuration, the tree shape of garden trees can usually be divided into the following types:

Cylindrical (juniper, cypress, aspen, etc. ), dense sphere (Sabina vulgaris), spire (Cedar, Platycladus orientalis), inverted ellipse (Sabina vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia), cone (Sabina vulgaris, young Ginkgo biloba), creeping (Sabina vulgaris), disk umbrella (old Pinus tabulaeformis), steamed bread (steamed bread willow), palm (palm), sphere (yellow thorn plum), and so on.

The beautification effect of all kinds of trees is not static, but changes with the influence of growth, planting methods and surrounding scenery. But on the whole, as far as trees are concerned, those with spires and cones have more serious and dignified effects; Those who erect a narrow crown have a lofty and quiet effect; Those round, blunt, bell-shaped crowns have a grand and far-reaching impact; And some hanging branches often form an elegant and peaceful atmosphere.

In terms of shrubs, clumps are most suitable for the outer edge of trees, or for decorating lawns, kerbs and roofs, because they are simple. Most of its arched and overhanging people have a natural posture, so it should be used for scenic spots or planted next to natural rocks. Some people who crawl often form a plane or slope, and most species are suitable for planting in rock gardens.

(2) Leaves of garden trees and their ornamental characteristics.

The leaves of garden trees have extremely colorful shapes. No matter the size and structure of leaves, or the shape and color of leaves, they are ever-changing and indescribable. But to sum up, we can briefly describe the following two aspects.

1. The leaf shapes are needle (Pinus tabulaeformis and Cedar), strip (Abies fargesii), needle (willow, Abies fargesii and oleander), oval (Elaeagnus angustifolia), oval (Ligustrum lucidum and Mulberry), obovate (Magnolia grandiflora), round (Kiwi, Populus hopeiensis) and heart-shaped (Bauhinia).

2. Color of leaves

The color of leaves has high ornamental value. Although they are all green leaves, they are light green, light green, bright green, thick green, yellow-green, red-green, brown-green, blue-green and dark green. Dark green leaves, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Sabina vulgaris, Cedar, Picea crassifolia, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Sophora japonica, Populus tomentosa, Broussonetia papyrifera, etc. Light green leaves, such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Larix gmelinii, Aesculus chinensis, Liriodendron chinense, Magnolia grandiflora, etc. Matching different green trees together can form a beautiful sense of color. For example, in front of dark green conifers, planting a yellow-green crown will form the effect of full yellow flowers.

(1) Spring-colored leafy tree: A tree species whose leaf color changes significantly in early spring. For example, the leaves of Ailanthus altissima are red in spring and Pistacia chinensis is purple. If planted in front of light gray buildings or dense green trees, it can produce better ornamental effect.

(2) Autumn-colored leafy trees: tree species with significant changes in leaf color in autumn. For example, autumn leaves are red or purplish red, including cotinus coggygria, Acer truncatum, chicken claw machinery, Euphorbia humifusa, Euphorbia pentaphylla, Berberis, cherry blossoms, lacquer trees, torch trees, wild lacquer, Pistacia chinensis, persimmons, boxwood, hawthorn, pepper and lacquer trees. Autumn leaves are yellow or yellow-brown, including Ginkgo biloba, Fraxinus mandshurica, Liriodendron chinense, Populus euphratica, Willow, Indus, Birch, Sophora japonica, Elm, Bauhinia rubescens, Koelreuteria paniculata, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Quercus variabilis and so on.

Some tree species, the color of the back of leaves is obviously different from the color of the surface of leaves, forming a special flicker change in the breeze, which is called "two-color leaf tree". For example, Populus alba, Cinnamomum cassia, Elaeagnus Elaeagnus and Quercus variabilis all belong to this category.

In addition, the varieties, variants or leaves of some tree species are different colors all year round, for example, Berberis purpurea, Prunus purpurea, Prunus purpurea, Ligustrum lucidum and so on. There are also some tree species with spots or patterns of other colors on their green leaves, such as boxwood with golden heart, boxwood with silver edge and variable leaf wood.

(3) Flowers of garden trees and their ornamental characteristics

The flowers of garden trees are not only diverse in shape, but also rich in color. Single flowers are often arranged in inflorescences of different styles. In this way, a rich ornamental effect is formed at the flowering stage. For example, when brilliant red pomegranate flowers are in full bloom, a warm and exciting atmosphere will be formed; Purple lilacs seem to have a leisurely and elegant atmosphere when they are in full bloom; Dense white spiraea and three-legged hydrangea form a quiet and natural picture.

1. color

In addition to ornamental flower shapes and inflorescences, the main ornamental element of garden trees is color. Here are some garden trees with basic colors:

(1) Red flower system: flowers whose colors are based on red, including red, crimson, purplish red, pink and orange. For example, begonia, plum blossom, rose, albizzia albizzia, rose, pomegranate, azalea, plum blossom, crape myrtle, lingxiao, oleander and so on.

(2) Yellow flower series: flowers based on yellow, including yellow, light yellow, golden yellow, orange yellow, dark yellow and other colors. For example, winter jasmine, forsythia, golden bell flower, yellow thorn rose, Tang Di, Luan tree, Chimonanthus praecox, Berberis and so on. And Japanese blackcurrant.

(3) Blue flower system: flowers with blue as the keynote. Including blue, violet, violet and other colors of flowers. For example, wisteria, clove, paulownia tomentosa, Vitex negundo, Callicarpa formosana, Lycium barbarum, Buddleja, Amorpha fruticosa and so on.

(4) White flowers: flowers with white as the keynote, including white, milky white and other colors. For example, white clove, oriental wormwood, Taiping flower, magnolia, pearl plum, pear, chamomile, jasmine, Viburnum and so on.

(5) Two-color flower system: flowers with two colors or two color changes. Such as gold and silver wood, honeysuckle, hydrangea and so on.

In addition, the flowers of many garden trees not only have the characteristics of color observation, but also have various colors, such as chrysanthemum peach, lingxiao and wisteria.

2. The fragrance of flowers

Besides appreciating the shapes and colors of flowers, the fragrance of flowers is also an important appreciation factor for garden trees. It is often refreshing to wander in a garden full of flowers. As far as the fragrance of flowers is concerned, it can be divided into:

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1) Fragrance: such as Taiping flower, honeysuckle, rose and jasmine.

(2) Sweet type: such as Robinia pseudoacacia, osmanthus fragrans and Michelia.

(3) Luzhou-flavor: such as white orchid and clove.

(4) Light fragrance type: such as magnolia, banksia rose and cherry blossom.

(d) Fruits of garden trees and their ornamental characteristics

The fruits of many garden trees have both high economic value and good ornamental value. For ornamental purposes, when choosing ornamental fruit trees, we usually focus on the following two aspects.

1. Fruit shape

Generally speaking, the shape of fruit is strange, huge and rich. The so-called "odd" means that the shape is strange and interesting. For example, the fruit of Acer truncatum is like Acer truncatum, and the orchard of Callicarpa purpurea is like many glittering purple pearls; The so-called "giant" refers to the large shape of a single fruit. For example, although the pomelo fruit is small, the fruit color is bright and the ear is large, the elderberry fruit can receive remarkable results; The so-called "abundance" means that the fruits of the whole tree are rich and eye-catching. For example, golden persimmons are covered with branches in autumn and early winter; The leaves fell, and the flat branches with red fruits lay on the rock wall. After winter solstice and spring, they are extremely eye-catching and beautiful, showing rich fruit viewing effects.

The fruits of some garden trees are not only beautiful, but also poetic. For example, Wang Wei wrote in his poem: "When those red berries come in spring, they will flush on your southern branches. Take them home for my sake as a symbol of our love."

2. Color of fruit

The color of fruit has great ornamental value. Trees of various fruit colors are as follows:

(1) Red fruits: for example, Berberis, centipedes, water chestnuts, hawthorn, cherries, precious wood, pomegranate, cherry, etc.

(2) Yellow fruits: such as ginkgo, plums, pears, papaya, begonia, etc.

(3) Those with blue fruits: such as Callicarpa, Snake Grape, Portugal, Plum, Haizhou Changshan, etc.

(4) Black fruits: such as Ligustrum lucidum, Euphorbia humifusa, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, honeysuckle, rhamnose, etc.

(5) The fruit is white: such as red sour branches.

(5) The branches, stems and skins of garden trees and their ornamental characteristics.

The branches of trees not only directly affect the shape of trees because of their growth habits, but also have good ornamental value. We call garden trees with beautiful colors and special ornamental forms as ornamental trees.

1. Branch color of garden trees

The best viewing period of branches and dry trees is from autumn and winter to early spring. When the leaves fall in late autumn, the golden sunshine will present a beautiful natural picture whether it falls on the birch forest, the branches of the locust tree or the branches of the brown cherry. In winter, white snow is wrapped in the branches of red rosewood, and the bright color contrast makes the red branches more eye-catching. As far as tree species with bright bark and branches are concerned, they can be roughly divided into the following categories:

(1) Red: such as red rosewood, apricot, apricot, etc.

(2) Deep purple: such as purple bamboo.

(3) reddish brown: for example, peach and cherry blossoms.

(4) Yellow: such as Sophora japonica, weeping willow, Huangruimu, etc.

(5) Green: such as phoenix tree, Tang Di, Yingchun, orange, Phyllostachys praecox, etc.

(6) People with mottled colors: such as Jasper Bamboo in Golden Room, Jasper Golden Bamboo, Papaya and Pinus bungeana.

(7) White or grayish white: such as birch, walnut, Populus tomentosa, Pu Shu, Platanus acerifolia, etc.

2. The branch morphology of garden trees

The stems and branches of garden trees have many strange shapes in morphology, for example, curved branches (Dragon Claw Willow), drooping branches (Dragon Claw Sophora), opposite shapes (Cornus officinalis) and so on. Some branches or trunks are covered with abnormal plant organs, such as thorns (Gleditsia sinensis), thorns (Chinese rose), stipules (Berberis), cork wings (Buxus macrophylla), bare roots (pine trees), roots (Taxodium ascendens) and aerial roots (Ficus). They all have unique ornamental value, such as the vigorous branches and deep bark of the old Robinia pseudoacacia, which are the blueprint materials for China painters to reflect simplicity and vitality in their landscape paintings. The dense and boundless scenery formed by aerial roots is more spectacular, giving people room for imagination.