Design of quadrangles in Beijing

What is the design of Beijing quadrangles? Beijing Siheyuan contains profound China culture. Siheyuan is a house with a gatehouse in front of Sanheyuan. Let's have a look.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle 1

Siheyuan, also known as Siheyuan, is a traditional quadrangle building of Han nationality in China. Its pattern is a courtyard surrounded by houses, so it is named quadrangle.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle II

Siheyuan is a kind of house, and there is a gatehouse in front of Sanheyuan to close it up. If the mouth is shaped, it is called entering the hospital; Japanese style is called binary courtyard; The mesh is called Sanjinyuan. Generally speaking, in a mansion, the first entrance is the gatehouse, the second entrance is the hall, and the third entrance or the last entrance is the private room or boudoir, which is the activity space for women or their families. Ordinary people are not allowed to enter at will. No wonder the ancients had a poem: The deeper the courtyard, the less you can see its hall.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Beijing quadrangle design drawing 3

Siheyuan has a history of at least 3,000 years, and there are many types in China, among which Beijing Siheyuan is a typical one. Siheyuan is usually lived by extended families, which provides a relatively hidden courtyard space for the outside world. Its architecture and pattern embody China's traditional hierarchy of respect and inferiority and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Beijing quadrangle design drawing 4

In modern times, with the change of family structure and social concept, the livability of traditional quadrangles has been challenged. In the process of urban planning, traditional quadrangles are also facing the contradiction between protection and development. Some quadrangles were listed as cultural relics protection units, while others were demolished.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Beijing quadrangle design drawing 5

Regular quadrangles, one household, one house, the plane pattern can be large or small. The owner of the house can build it according to the size of the land area and the size of the family. It can be as small as one entrance, as large as three or four entrances, or it can be built two yards wide. For the smallest, the room is13; The first or second hospital has 25 to 40 rooms. The back wall of the wing is a courtyard wall, and the corner is bricked again. This big quadrangle is surrounded by walls from the outside. The wall is very high, and no window is opened to show its privacy. Institutionally, many palaces and temples are also designed and built according to the layout of quadrangles.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Beijing quadrangle design drawing 6

The smallest one enters the courtyard, that is, the courtyard directly after entering the street gate, with the central axis running through. Houses are single-storey, surrounded by inverted houses, main rooms and wing rooms, in which the north room is the main room, the houses in the east and west directions are wing rooms, and the south gate faces north, so it is called inverted houses. The courtyard houses are planted with flowers and trees for viewing.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Beijing quadrangle design drawing 7

The yard is divided into front yard and backyard, also called inner yard. The front yard consists of a gatehouse and an inverted building. Hanging flower doors are often used to connect the front and back yards, while moon doors are used in some relatively simple houses. The backyard consists of east and west wing rooms, main room and veranda. Some quadrangles, such as Mao Dun's former residence in Beijing, don't have flower gates to separate the front yard, but add a backyard behind the main house to build a back-built house for women to live in.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

Beijing quadrangle design drawing 8

A complete quadrangle is a courtyard with three entrances. The first courtyard that entered the door was a narrow courtyard, which was occupied by an upside-down house in front of the flower hanging door. The second entrance courtyard consists of a side hall, a main hall and a balcony. An wing room can also be added next to the main room and the side room. The third entrance courtyard is the back cover room behind the main room. A door is opened in the ear room on the east side of the main room, connecting the second and third entrances. Throughout the yard, the old man lives in the north room (the upper room), with the living room (the main hall) in the middle, the eldest son lives in the east room, the second son lives in the west room, the servant lives in the inverted room, and the daughter lives in the backyard, which does not affect each other.

Design drawing of Beijing quadrangle

The design of Beijing Siheyuan also reflects the influence of China's traditional cultural ideas. After reading the above pictures and introductions, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of Beijing Siheyuan, and I hope it will help you.