How to Cultivate Ziwei Bonsai

Lagerstroemia speciosa, Lysimachiaceae, Lagerstroemia. Introduced from Japan in 2000, it was named Lagerstroemia speciosa, Lagerstroemia speciosa, prurigo minor and Little White Sun Red. After several years of introduction and cultivation practice, Lagerstroemia speciosa grows well, and the annual flowering period lasts from summer to autumn 100 days or more. It is a very good new green variety and potted flower, and can also be used as fresh cut flowers, which has a good development prospect.

Morphological characteristics and growth habits of 1

Morphological characteristics of 1. 1

The bark of deciduous shrubs or small trees is light brown and flaky, and the trunk is particularly smooth after peeling. Branchlets are slender and have wings at the top. The single leaf is opposite or nearly opposite, ovoid to obovate, 3 ~ 7 cm long, with a sharp or blunt tip and a short stalk. Panicles are inserted at the ends of the branches of the current year. The petals are shriveled, with a diameter of 3-4 cm. The flowers are red, pink, purple, white and multicolored. The flowering period is from June to September. Capsule is nearly spherical, with a diameter of about 65438 0.2 cm and 6 valves. The fruit ripens from 10 to 1 1 month.

1.2 growth habits

Lagerstroemia speciosa likes light, slightly tolerant to shade, high temperature and drought in summer, and can be planted except in cold areas. Not strict with soil, like fertile and well-drained soil. It can also grow in calcareous soil containing coarse sand and gravel. Afraid of wet water, avoid planting in low-lying and waterlogged areas. Developed root system, strong germination, slow growth and strong pruning resistance. After the new branches stop growing, flower buds are formed, and high temperature and little rain are beneficial to flower bud differentiation. The flowering period of a single flower is 6 ~ 8 d, and the whole plant is about 120 d, which has the ability to absorb smoke and dust. It can grow well in the environment polluted by sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and chlorine, and has the ability to absorb toxic gases and purify the air.

2 ornamental characteristics and garden use

2. 1 Good landscaping tree species

Lagerstroemia speciosa has the characteristics of short plant, vigorous growth, simple and extensive management and strong pruning resistance. In summer and autumn, flowers are in full bloom, colorful and very long, and the trees are full of flowers, which gives people a warm aesthetic feeling. It is a good material for urban landscaping construction.

Lagerstroemia speciosa is planted in large plots of flat land, sloping land and hilly land in urban greening area, with a spacing of 50 ~ 60 cm, which constitutes a magnificent landscape with flowers in summer and achieves the vegetation effect of covering the ground. Because of its strong heat resistance and drought tolerance, it does not need frequent watering, especially suitable for arid and semi-arid areas. On the isolated green belts of urban roads and highways, evergreen shrubs such as Buxus macrophylla, Ligustrum microphyllum, Sabina vulgaris, Sabina vulgaris and Ligustrum lucidum are combined. For example, planting evergreen shrubs in the pond and planting Lagerstroemia speciosa in the middle to form a flower pond; Lagerstroemia speciosa and evergreen shrubs are interplanted with each other and arranged in simple and beautiful patterns; Evergreen shrubs and Lagerstroemia speciosa intercropped in pieces to form a multi-color continuous effect. Not only greening and beautifying the road, but also solving the contradiction that the soil quality is poor due to the use of building materials such as lime, cement, asphalt and gravel in road construction, and ordinary plants cannot grow normally and need to be replaced. Mixed with spiny shrubs such as pyracantha fortunei and Rosa davurica, it is isolated and protected, and it blooms in summer and autumn for more than 100 days, which adds a landscape to the expressway and relieves the fatigue of pedestrians.

Choose Lagerstroemia indica with beautiful tree shape to plant in Little Square, lawn, farmhouse, villa, lake, pool and other spaces alone. In the hot summer, it is full of flowers, adding color to the green space. Simple and smooth trunk, slightly touched, branches swaying and trembling, looks like welcoming guests, adding freshness to the courtyard; Symmetrically planted on roadsides, bridges, both sides of stone steps, around doorways and gates, in a neat and consistent tree shape, to form a dignified and tidy environmental gas effect; Pruning Lagerstroemia speciosa into small trees or spheres, and planting along roads, buildings, fences, etc. with the same spacing determinant, constitutes a clean, concise, smooth and beautiful environmental effect.

Planting a large number of Lagerstroemia speciosa in iron and steel plants, chemical plants, thermal power plants, pharmaceutical plants, pesticide plant and other places with serious smoke and harmful gases can achieve the effects of absorbing smoke and toxic gases, purifying the air and protecting the ecological environment.

2.2 Excellent potted plants and bonsai materials

Because the flowering period of Lagerstroemia indica is just the summer and autumn season with few flowers, the flowering period is as long as 120 d, and it has the praise of "summer green flowers are full of red". It also has the advantages of short plant type, simple management and few pests and diseases, and is an ideal potted flower and tree material.

Lagerstroemia indica is an important material of traditional flower bonsai in China. Lagerstroemia speciosa has been cultivated and grown in the open field for 2 ~ 3 years, with developed and robust roots. After pruning in winter, many lateral branches can grow in the second year, which provides an excellent choice for making potted Lagerstroemia speciosa. After the gardener's pruning and modeling, the ideal crape myrtle bonsai can be cultivated. Lagerstroemia indica's flowers are gorgeous and elegant, and are deeply loved by people. It is a good material for cutting fresh cut flowers into bottles or making floral modeling.

Propagation and production commonly used sowing, cutting propagation:

Sowing can get a large number of healthy and tidy seedlings. At the end of autumn, collect the mature seeds of that year and dry them. Seedling can emerge in February-March and April of the following year. The seedlings should be slightly shaded, the soil should be kept moist, and chemical fertilizers should be applied appropriately to make them bloom in July and August of that year. Those who don't sell pots should pick off buds in time to accumulate nutrients and promote the flowering of seedlings in the coming year.

Because Lagerstroemia speciosa germinated late, healthy branches of 1 ~ 2 years old were selected after thawing in spring and before germination, and cut into cuttings of 12 ~ 15 cm, and the insertion depth was 2/3 of the branches, and the matrix drug was sandy loam. After transplanting, pay attention to moisturizing and shading, take root in 50 ~ 60 days, and the survival rate is over 90%. You can also use twig cuttings in summer, but you should pay attention to shading and moisturizing. After the leaves fall in autumn or before the trees germinate in early spring of the following year, the surviving seedlings should be transplanted and planted. The planting density is determined according to the cultivation direction of seedlings. Cultivate potted seedlings with spacing of 40 ~ 50 cm. Seedling for greening, planting distance is 30 ~ 40 cm. Digging and planting. Long-distance transportation and transplanting, dipped in mud for protection. Don't plant it too deep, but apply sufficient base fertilizer.

Potted plants and delayed flowering:

Two-year-old open-field seedlings are generally selected for potted Lagerstroemia indica, and stubble removal and pruning are carried out after defoliation. Before sprouting in spring, move the ball with soil into a pot (clay pot, plastic pot and porcelain pot) with a diameter of 30cm, fill it with field soil containing 30% base fertilizer, put it into a planting bed with a row spacing of 40-50cm, surround it with sand, and water the pot soil to fix it. After the new branches are lignified, they are pruned into small trees or multi-branch shrubs according to the growth of branches and the needs of potted flower modeling. Topdressing 1% ~ 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate promoted flowering from may to June. Watering should follow the principle of "seeing wet". Flowering began in mid-June. Potted flowers should choose the varieties of colors that the masses like.

The late September of 10 to the early October of 10 (during the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival) is the peak season for potted flower sales and the climax of 15. The crape myrtle cultivated under normal management ended in late September. In order to make it blossom before and after the Eleventh National Day, in early August, the new shoots of potted Lagerstroemia indica were cut short, and all the flower branches were cut off, and the management of fertilizer and water was strengthened. In the rainy season of summer and autumn, increase the plastic shed to cover potted Lagerstroemia indica for rain protection, and if necessary, cover it for heat preservation. After about 65438+ 10, the new branches formed flower buds, which bloomed around Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day to meet the demand of flower market.

Pest control:

The main pests and diseases of Lagerstroemia speciosa are powdery mildew and Lagerstroemia speciosa. Powdery mildew occurred in early April, which mainly harmed young leaves. Use 15% triadimefon wettable powder 0. 1% solution for prevention and treatment after onset. Lagerstroemia indica brown spot disease began in July, reached its peak in September, and worsened in rainy autumn. It can be controlled with 50% carbendazim 0.0 17% solution.

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