The tour guide of the Forbidden City in Beijing speaks fast! ! ! ! Urgent! urgent! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 1 1 1! ! ! ! ! !

Hello, tourists. I'm a tour guide of * * Travel Agency. My surname is Song. In the next few days, I will accompany you to visit the scenic spots in Beijing. I hope that through my explanation, you will leave a very good impression on Beijing, and I also hope that you can give me valuable advice on my work. Ok, now let's start today's visit.

The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters, including a building area of163,000 square meters, a length of 96 1 meter from north to south and a width of 753 meters from east to west. Surrounded by a 10-meter-high city wall and a moat with a width of 52 meters. There are exquisite turrets in the four corners. According to the statistics of 1973, the Forbidden City has more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses, with a total of 8704 rooms. Shortly after the Ming Dynasty Yongle Emperor Judy ascended the throne, in the fourth year of Yongle, that is, 1406, a letter was written to build the Forbidden City in Beijing. The construction is divided into two stages. The first stage is to prepare materials from the fourth year of Yongle, and the second stage is to start construction in June of the fifteenth year of Yongle, 14 17, which lasted 14 and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle, 1420. During the construction process, 65,438+skilled craftsmen and 1 10,000 civilian workers were gathered. The building materials came from all over the country, including white marble from Fangshan, Beijing, golden bricks from Suzhou, lime from Yizhou, Hebei, five-color tiger skin stone from Panshan, Jixian, Hebei, fine masonry for temple foundation from Linqing, Shandong, pine wood from the northeast and nanmu from Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. The Forbidden City was basically built in accordance with the blueprint of Zhongdu Palace in Ming Dynasty, and its layout planning followed the etiquette system of capital design of "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji": the front faces and the back bedrooms, and the left ancestors and the right houses. It is roughly divided into two parts: the southern part faces forward and the northern part faces backward. In the former dynasty, the three halls of Ethereum, Zhonghe and Baohe were the center, and Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall were the east and west wings, which were the places where the emperor held the court meeting. The back bedroom is centered on the three halls of Gan Qing, Jiaotai and Kunning, as well as the six palaces of things and the imperial garden. The buildings on Waidong Road and Waixi Road are the main places for the emperor to deal with daily government affairs and the life and sacrifice of imperial concubines in the harem. The layout of Zuo Zu You She is as follows: Outside the noon gate, the ancestral hall of the emperor is on the east side, and the altar of ancestor worship is on the west side. According to this layout, the Forbidden City was the palace of 24 emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including Ming Dynasty 14 and Qing Dynasty 10, which ruled for five centuries. Because of its special position in the history of China and exquisite architectural groups, it was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO in 1987, making it the largest and most well-preserved palace complex in the world. Now there is a central axis running through the north and south in Beijing, which is called the Great Central Axis by Mr. Liang Sicheng, with a total length of 8.5 kilometers, starting from Yongdingmen in the south and reaching the Bell Tower in the north, of which the imperial city, including the Forbidden City, accounts for one third. This central axis is also called Long Mai. Jingshan on this line is the center of the inner city and the town mountain of the Forbidden City.

We sometimes call the Forbidden City the Forbidden City, but how did it get its name? Astronomers in ancient China divided the main star in the sky into three walls, four images and twenty-eight stars. Three yuan is Taiwei yuan, Ziwei yuan and Tianshi yuan. Among them, Ziweiyuan is in the middle, which is the place where the emperor in heaven lives, and it is called Purple Palace. The feudal emperor claimed to be the son of the Emperor of Heaven, so he also symbolized the palace where he lived as the Purple Palace in the sky. Moreover, the place where the emperor lived was heavily guarded, and ordinary people were not allowed to get close. This is an absolute forbidden area, also known as the Forbidden City, so it is also known as the Forbidden City. There are four gates here, namely the Wumen Gate, the Shenwu Gate, the Donghuamen Gate and the Xihuamen Gate. The main entrance of the Forbidden City is the meridian gate, because on the compass, the morning represents the south, so the meridian gate means the south gate. Its plane is "concave" and comes from the door of Han Dynasty (reprinted from the first model network, please keep this mark. ) Que shape evolved. There is a pier with a height of 12 meters at the lower end, a gatehouse in the middle of the pier and bell and drum pavilions on both sides. The protruding parts on the east and west sides are called Guan, with 13 cloisters on the upper part and square pavilions with double eaves and sharp corners at both ends. The central square is called que. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this was the place where the imperial court held the ceremony of awarding new moons and offering prisoners. There are three doors in the middle and doors on both sides. This practice is called "Sanming and Five Darkness". The five doorways have their own uses: the middle gate is dedicated to the emperor, or when the emperor gets married, the queen can enter the palace from here, and the first three students can also enter the palace from here; At ordinary times, the civil and military officials take the left door, and the imperial clan princes take the right door; Open the door only in large-scale activities, officials below the third class pass through the east and west doors respectively according to Wen Wudong Xi, and foreign envoys can only enter the palace if they close the door from the west; In the court examination, candidates are divided into odd and even numbers, and pass through the east and west gates.

When you enter the meridian gate, the first thing you see is the Neijinshui River, which winds through Taihemen Square from west to east. There are five white marble bridges on it, which is the Neijinshui Bridge. Neijinshui River is not only the main drainage channel of the Forbidden City, but also the main water source for building and fire fighting. At the same time, it also played a role in decorating the landscape, making Taihe Gate Square beautiful and magnificent.

There are also two doors on both sides of Taihe Gate, namely Dezhao Gate and Zhendu Gate. Every time the emperor leaves the palace, he has to change trains at Taihe Gate. When the emperor gets married, the queen has to enter the palace from Taihe Gate. In the fourth year of Guangxu, something happened: On the eve of Emperor Guangxu's wedding, the Taihe Gate was suddenly burned down by fire, but the queen had to pass through here on the wedding day, so the court found a skilled craftsman in Beijing and built a fake Taihe Gate with colored silk and wood overnight, which made the wedding go on as scheduled. The next year, the Taihe Gate was rebuilt.

After crossing the Taihe Gate, you enter the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, covering an area of more than 30,000 square meters. Every year, on New Year's Day, the winter solstice, the emperor's birthday and some major events, grand ceremonies will be held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square.

Now the magnificent building in front of us is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, which, together with Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall, is built on an earthen three-storey platform, with a length of 230m from north to south and a height of 8.13m. There are also some pavilions around, which are actually warehouses under the jurisdiction of the Qing internal affairs office. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the tallest and largest building in the Forbidden City, with an area of 2,377 square meters, a height of 35.05 meters, a width of1/and a depth of 5 rooms. In fact, in the Fengtian Temple in the Ming Dynasty, there were 9 halls, 9 wide and 5 deep. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was changed to its present size. In fact, the secret rooms on both sides are closed and cannot be used as the main hall, so it is actually 9 rooms, 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep. At the same time, it was renamed the Hall of Supreme Harmony. The word "Taihe" comes from the Book of Changes: "keeping harmony and harmony". The concept of Taihe is an extension of the ancient concept of harmony between man and nature, emphasizing the harmony between monarch and minister, between man and nature and between a nation. There is also a big kiss with a height of 3.36 meters on the main ridge of the hall of supreme harmony, and the animals of 1 1 are hung under the ridge. In ancient China, the more animals there were, the higher the level of the temple was. There are 72 large movable branches in the temple, six of which are golden pillars with golden dragon patterns, which support algae wells, where dragons are carved and Xuanyuan mirrors are located in Longkou. The word Xuanyuan comes from Xuanyuan star in ancient astronomy in China, which means the star of Xuanyuan Huangdi, the star in charge of thunderstorm. There is an algae well at the top of the hall. First, the emperor representing the current dynasty is the orthodox heir of the Chinese nation. Second, it plays a role in extinguishing fires.