The New Poets in Longchuan Collection

Lu You, a pioneer poet of the new school, and Liu Xiaoxiang (1132 ~1169), who are similar to the new school, are transitional figures between the Ci School and the Zhongxing Ci School. Around the 30th year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 160), famous poets such as Li Qingzhao, Zhang died one after another, and Xin Qiji came to Xiaozong Road for four years (1 168), only then did he gradually emerge in the field of ci. Zhang Xiaoxiang was the first famous poet in Shaoxing's Road to Arrival (1161~165438).

The new poets are far from Dongpo and close to Jiaxuan. The bridge from Dongpo to Jiaxuan is. Zhang Xiaoxiang's poems are similar to Su Shi's, and they are both talented poets. Su Shi is also a model of writing poems and lyrics. He "always asked his disciples,' What is better than Dongpo?' On the one hand, he learned from the "Hao" of Su Ci, and expressed his lofty sentiments and ambitions with "poetic techniques", such as "Water Tune Song Tou" and "Wandering Fu", in order to cheer the victory of quarrying and strengthen the mountains and rivers "and" One River does not return to Ci "(Zhang Ya Xu by Tang Heng). His famous poem is Song of Six Kingdoms:

Looking at the long Huaihe River, the traffic is surging, and there is a Ma Pingchuan. The dust is dark, the frost is thick and the sound is quiet. The dark needle solidifies. Looking back on the past, almost a few days later, this is not human nature, but also embarrassing. Waterproof felt country, under the setting sun, cattle and sheep flock together, and the area is vertical and horizontal. Watch the famous hunting of Wang Xiao and ride a fire to make it clear. The drums wailed. Shocking. Read the arrow at the waist, the sword in the box, the empty cockroach. Time is easy to lose, but when you are strong inside, your age will be zero. The mysterious Beijing God. Dry feather Fang Huaiyuan, quiet and quiet, died. The crown is covered with love. It is said that the old friends in the Central Plains always look south and are beautiful in jade. Make pedestrians here, loyal and angry. There are tears.

This is the largest Zhuang Ci since Du Nan, which is integrated from the frontier scenery to the dynamics of occupied areas, from the absurd actions of the imperial court to the ardent expectations of the elders in the Central Plains, from the rampant Japanese pirates to the grief and indignation of serving the country and the anxiety of waiting for people. Lyricism, description, and discussion go hand in hand, expressing one's mind directly, full of twists and turns, frustrated with passion, and generous in style. Intense emotions are accompanied by a short and intense rhythm, "dripping freely, full of pen and ink, making people dance" (Chen Tingzhuo's Bai Yuzhai Ci, Volume 8). No wonder Zhang Jun, an anti-gold advocate at that time, "walked in" after reading it. It refers to Chen's vertical and horizontal opening and closing of current affairs and strong critical spirit, which directly led to Jia Xuan's ci.

On the other hand, learning from Su's "release" and combining with Li Bai's romantic spirit, it shows a spirit beyond Lingyun and a natural and unrestrained appearance, such as Nian Nujiao Crossing the Dongting:

Dongting grass, near the Mid-Autumn Festival, is even less charming. Jade Sword Qiongtian covers 30,000 hectares and gives me a boat. The bright moon is in the sky, and the shadow of the Ming River is clear both inside and outside. The bright moon and the bright galaxy reflect their posture in this vast jade scene, and the water surface is bright and clear. It should be that I miss Linghai for many years, and I am alone, and my courage is ice and snow. Thanks to this round of ancient bright moon, the soul is still as transparent as ice and snow between the mountains and seas for many years. Now, I am wearing cold hair and clothes, drifting quietly in this boundless pale sea. I wonder what night it will be.

In Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Poems, lofty sentiments were relaxed and a new realm was opened up. Although Zhang Ci's philosophical implication is not as good as Su Ci, it is worse than Su Ci. Zhang Ci's vast and transparent lake and moonlight perfectly match the pure personality realm, which is comparable to Su Ci.

Zhang Xiaoxiang is a pioneer of the new school of poets, and his poetic style is strong and unique. The artistic realm is also unique and has a unique position in the history of Ci. Although Lu You was 7 years older than Zhang Xiaoxiang and 15 years older than Xin Qiji, he didn't write many ci poems and created much. He failed to become the pioneer of the new school, but only the backbone of the new school.

Contrary to Xin Qiji's creative energy all his life, Lu You is "interested in being a poet" (Liu Xizai's Outline of Poetic Arts), but he despises the lyrics, thinking that they are "thin" and saying that "I did something when I was young and regretted it later". I felt very guilty when I wrote the words, so when I was sorting out my word set, I specially wrote a self-criticism sentence, "I want to live with my ambition." This outdated concept not only limits the number of words, but also affects the artistic quality and achievements of his words. But after all, Lu is brilliant, detached from things, and inadvertently reveals his unique spiritual outlook and life experience. For example, the first part of "Han Gong Chun" said: "The arrow carves the bow, remembering the eagle's ancient base, and cutting the tiger will be the element. Blowing home at dusk, the snow in the wild tent presses the green carpet. Dripping drunk ink, watching dragons and snakes, flying beautiful notes. If people are wrong, their poems will be short and detached for a while. " Passion and heroism don't let Jiaxuan. Living in the northwest front, Lu You also created another artistic realm that Jia Xuan's ci did not have:

Crying in the corner of the border town in autumn. Yan Feng is shining with songs and songs on a high platform, standing in a high place and dedicating wine to the earth, which has generated infinite enthusiasm for the recovery of Guanzhong. Who can push away all the layers of twilight like the amorous Nanshan bright moon? The smoke from the kitchen near Baqiao Bridge and the beautiful scenery near Qujiang should stand in the moonlight, waiting for our army to recover lost ground and win. ("On the evening of July 16th, winking at Nanshan in Chang 'an Laoting")

The corner fire in the border town, the smoke willow in the occupied area and the billiards hall are superimposed into a tragic battlefield landscape. The moon in Zhong Nanshan deliberately broke through the dusk clouds and shone on Chang 'an, which also symbolized the poet's belief in regaining the Central Plains.

The main content of Lu You's ci is to express his discontented ambition, and the characteristic of his ci is to idealize it as a dream, which is in sharp contrast with the sadness of reality, such as "resentment":

Recalling that year, in order to find opportunities to make contributions, I went to Liangzhou, the border guard, alone. Where is the dream of closing the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur. Before the beard dies, the sideburns fall first. Tears flow empty. Who could have predicted in this life that the original intention was to leave the enemy in Tianshan Mountain, but now he is destined to die of old age in Cangzhou!

Although Weng Fang's ci has various styles, it has not refined its unique personality. It is as solemn and stirring as Jiaxuan without the grandeur of Xin Ci, as bold as Dongpo without the elegance of Su Ci, as leisurely and light as without the elegance of Zhu Ci, and has the advantages of many families, "but none of them can make it to the extreme" (Sikuquanshu Volume 198 Summary of Weng Fang Ci). Chen Liang (1143 ~1194), a close friend of Xin Qiji, is a chivalrous man with similar ci style. Most of his ci poems show the ideological embrace of revenge and saving the country and the people during the Anti-Japanese War. Therefore, he wrote every word, "I don't have to sigh:' My economic development history is very long. ""(Ye Shi's After the Collection of Longchuan) Cats are also good at political discussions. Why The History of Song Dynasty says that he "talks about the wind and writes a thousand words". He also often uses words to express his political and military views, and the current events discussed in his words can often be mutually confirmed with his political papers. If Xin Qiji takes words as words, then Chen Liang can almost be said to be "taking words as words". The most prominent features of Chen Liang's ci are strong realistic pertinence, distinct political utility and open and closed discussion. Such as "Water Tune Song Tou Send to Lu":

The Northern Expedition has been going on for a long time, and all the troops in the south have gone to the Northern Expedition. People in the Jin Dynasty are still talking nonsense about talents in the Central Plains. On the spot, I stretched out my hand to turn the tide, and finally I was rewarded with a hero. Laughing at Ambassador China, like a river, still only flows eastward. I'll meet you in the street after worship at the vault. It is the city of Tang Yao, the land of Yushun, and the land of enfeoffment. There should be a semi-shameful minister in the middle. Wan Li's gamey smell is so great, and the eternal spirit is there. When will it pass? Hu Yun, why ask, when to learn from it.

Chen Tingzhuo said, the first five sentences are "Jingjing monster, it is a matter of making a fist and showing your claws." You can read Zhongxing Lyu3 bu4 (Volume I of Baiyuzhai Thorn), which is really a theory of understanding. "Nian Nu Jiao Deng Duo Lou Jing" is also his masterpiece of "writing in words".

Chen Liang's ci is famous for its imposing manner, often expressing his feelings directly, with quick language and unrestrained style. But it is too exposed, lack of restraint and less residue. Although his ci style is similar to Jia Xuan's, for example, after Meeting the Lake, he and Jia Xuanchang wrote three poems to congratulate him on his heart, which are heroic enough to compete with Jia Xuan's original songs, with only 74, and his representative works are limited, and his overall artistic achievements and influence are far less than that of Jia Xuan.

If Chen Liang and Xin Qiji are similar in temperament, then Liu Guo (1 154 ~ 1206) consciously imitates Jia Xuan. Liu Guo admired Xin Qiji very much, and a poem said, "A scholar should not be sealed with gold, but will fight in every battle. I just want the name of Jiaxuan, and the spring breeze is still fragrant. " ("Cheng Jia Xuan") Learn his ci because he worships others. His masterpiece Qinyuanchun is "a man who intends to improve Jia Xuan's style of writing";

It is not fast to cross the river in the wind and rain. When I arrived at the Xiangshan lay man, I made an appointment with Lin Hejing, met Dongpo, and drove me back. The slope is called "West Lake, just like learning Chinese characters, with heavy makeup and light makeup". Those two men, no matter how they turn around, just take the cups.

Baiyun Tianzhu is coming. In the picture, the towering building is open. Love the east and west streams, the vertical and horizontal water around, the two peaks north and south, high and low clouds. Ji Dao: "Otherwise, the fragrance will float, and the lonely mountain will explore the plum first." . It must be clear that it is not too late to visit Jiaxuan again, which is embarrassing. "

This word is modeled after Xin Qiji's Qinyuanchun Stop Drinking and Stop Drinking, and Bai Juyi, Lin Bu and Su Shi, who have been separated for hundreds of years, are invited to intercede. This idea is really strange. In the ci, three-person poems are skillfully used to talk, and the brushwork is free, which won the charm of bold, humorous and playful lyrics. And "Qin Yu Guo Dian Shi" and "Qin Zhang Lu Fenqiu Yue"); Liu Touti Temple is full of grievances and passionate about Yue Fei, and looks like Jia Xuan. Unlike Xin Qiji, a hero, Liu Guo is a civilian and a wanderer who has been wandering the rivers and lakes all his life. He has both the heroism of a knight and the madness of a wanderer. The lyric hero of his ci is a conceited, self-abased, wild and shabby Jianghu madman. He calls himself a genius: "Who is a genius after the immortal dies?" (Qinyuanchun) But because "four actions failed, ten years failed" (Qinyuanchun Lupujiang expressed the new imperial clan), it was cynical: "Sit down and talk about romantic affairs, and sleep on the grass when you are drunk." ("Late Spring") Because there is no skill to make a living, the family is surrounded by walls and can't help but feel ashamed: "It's useless to laugh at a scholar, but it's rich and clumsy." (Song of Six States) If you have money, you will squander it: "White jade pursues music and gold buys laughter." ("Nian Nujiao Liu Bie Xin Jia Xuan") When you have no money, you sigh and feel sorry for yourself: "Liu Lang is thin and ill. The saddest thing is that it is cold and late, and I have been away from home for a long time. " (He Xin Lang Zhi Zhu Neighbor) Liu Guo's "Longzhou Ci", whose first words show the spiritual demeanor, life fate and complex mentality of a special literati group in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, has a unique life sentiment and personality style.

Liu Xizai once said: "Liu Gai's words, in madness and self-indulgence, are not as calm as Jia Xuan, enough to get married." (Introduction to Art and Ci) The famous Tang Duoling is plain and full of charm. His ci is more artistic than Chen Liang's ci. But just as he is magnanimous and uninhibited, Liu Guo takes the text as his words and sometimes goes against the melody; The madness of language making is sometimes inevitable, which has an impact on the roughness of the new school's stamina.