How to plant Dendrobium

Dendrobium, like ginseng and cordyceps sinensis, is an expensive medicinal material, a good medicinal material with the same origin of medicine and food, and has many good effects on human body. So how to plant Dendrobium?

1. Selection of planting environment

Dendrobium likes to grow in a warm, humid and semi-cloudy and semi-sunny environment. According to their growth habits, it is advisable to choose dense and moist pine and fir forests in high mountains and deep mountains, cool and humid rocky areas, and areas where the winter temperature is above 0℃, or to build shade sheds with artificially controllable environment.

2. Garden construction and the choice of appendages

2. 1 Build a high compartment with a height of 15 ~ 20 cm with bricks or stones in the shade forest, mix humus, fine sand and gravel into the compartment, and build a shade shed with a height of 100 ~ 120 cm on the surface of the compartment. The tree species planted under the forest should be mainly pine, fir and camphor, and the trees with thick bark, longitudinal grooves, high water content, lush foliage and thick trunk should be selected as appendages.

2.2 The stone floor should be in a cool and humid place, with rough materials and easy moisture absorption. There is moss on the stone and a small amount of humus on the surface.

2.3 There are various ways to build an artificially controllable greenhouse, and materials such as steel frame structure, cement arch frame and wood frame structure are selected as the framework. The roof of the shed is covered with a thick white film and covered with 1 layer 80% sunshade net. Or use black and white grid film. If the light is strong, 60% ~ 70% 1 layer shading net can be covered under the black and white grid film. There are 3 ~ 4 seedbeds in each arch shed, each seedbed is about 65438±0.4m wide, its length depends on the terrain, and its height is 30 ~60 cm from the ground. There is a passage between beds, which is convenient for breeding operation. The bedstead should be padded with wooden boards or asbestos tiles, and the bed surface should be paved with steel wires, asbestos nets and wooden boards with sunshade nets and insect-proof nets. The principle is that as long as the matrix does not leak from the slit network. Seedbeds are generally supported by hollow bricks and equipped with sprinkler irrigation equipment, which is beneficial to control and adjust environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and air permeability.

3. Selection of planting varieties

The field planting results of cooperatives, companies and farmers in counties and districts prove that the fine varieties such as Tiepi, Chai Jin and Zipi cultivated by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences should be selected.

4. Selection of matrix

The preferred substrate for planting is pine and fir bark, followed by sawdust. You can also choose water moss, peat, fern root, fungus chaff, wood chaff, rock (the substrate containing gravel should be broken into particles the size of soybean particles) and so on. No matter which substrate is selected, it must be disinfected with carbendazim or thiophanate methyl in advance. The substrate should be loose, breathable, well drained, not easy to be moldy, free of germs and hidden pests.

5. Planting time

Dendrobium planting should be carried out in spring and autumn. But in spring, the humidity is high, the rainfall increases, and planting is easy to survive.

6. Selection and planting of seedlings

6. 1 seedling selection 1 annual or two-year-old plants with light green color, vigorous germination, well-developed root system and no pests and diseases are used as seed plants, redundant fibrous roots are cut off, and the plant clusters are cut into small clusters, each cluster has 5-7 leafed stem plants.

6.2 Plant stones by sticking stones, and plant stones by sticking trees in Fa Tie: that is, drill holes on the selected stones according to the plant spacing of 30-40 cm, smear them on the seed pot with cow dung mixed with mud 1 thin layer, and stuff them into stone holes or stone troughs, whichever is firm and not falling off. Small stones can be plugged and fixed. Planting by sticking the tree: cut a part of bark from the selected tree by 30-40 cm, coat the seeds with a mixture of 1 thin layer of cow dung and soil, then put it into the broken skin or longitudinal crack ditch of the tree and stick the bark, then cover with 1 layer of straw and tie it with bamboo or hemp rope.

7. Tian Tuan management

7. 1 Pay attention to topdressing in barren land where Dendrobium grows reasonably. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, 1 time was mainly nitrogen fertilizer mixed with pig manure and river mud; The second time around beginning of winter, peanut vats, rapeseed cakes, calcium superphosphate, etc. It is added to the river mud, mixed and pasted on the roots. In addition, 0.05% ~ 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for root topdressing.

7.2 Water Management The air humidity in the late stage of Dendrobium planting is too small, so it needs to be watered and moisturized regularly. You can water it in the form of spray with a sprayer.

7.3 Pruning When sprouting or harvesting in spring every year, some old branches or dead branches, as well as stems and branches that grow too densely, should be pruned to promote the growth of new buds.

7.4 Every year before and after the spring equinox to Tomb-Sweeping Day and beginning of winter, clean the garden and remove weeds and garbage. A few diseased leaves in the garden should be cut off, and the fallen leaves in winter should be collected and burned.

7.5 After planting for 6-8 years, the shrubs will branch and reproduce again according to the growth of shrubs. According to the growth situation, rummage, remove dead roots and old roots, and cultivate separately by ramets to promote planting growth.

7.6 Greenhouse Environmental Management During the high temperature in summer, the temperature in the greenhouse is often as high as 40℃, so it needs ventilation and cooling to avoid injury.

8. Prevention and control of major pests and diseases

The main pests and diseases of Dendrobium are snails, scale insects, black spot and anthracnose. Prevention, physical prevention and biological control should be given priority to as far as possible, and the principle of prevention is that prevention is more important than treatment. Do not use or use less low-toxic pesticides: once pests and diseases are found, corresponding measures should be taken in time to avoid aggravation of pests and diseases.

Snails: Damage to young stems, young leaves, flower buds and young fruits can be controlled by artificial killing, bait trapping or lime sprinkling.

Black spot disease: it damages leaves and makes them wither, which occurs from March to May.

Control method: 50% carbendazim 1 000 times liquid can be sprayed 1 ~ 2 times.

Anthracnose: it harms leaves and stems, and brown or gray spots appear on the damaged leaves, which occurs every month 1 ~ 5. Control method: spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 1 000 times solution for 2 ~ 3 times.

Philippine shield scale: parasitic on the edge or back of plant leaves, sucking juice, hatching peak in late May. Prevention and control methods: 4 000 times of biological pesticide Haizhengmieling can be sprayed, or old branches with scales can be cut off and burned centrally.

9. Harvest and processing

(1) harvesting. Harvest before germination in late spring every year. When harvesting, cut off the stems and branches that are more than 2 ~ 3 years old, leaving the tender stems to continue to grow.

(2) processing. Because of different varieties and commercial medicinal materials, there are two methods: cleaning the collected stem plants, removing leaves and fibrous roots, separating single stem plants, scalding them with hot water at 85℃ for 65438±0 ~ 2min, picking them up, spreading them on bamboo mats or concrete floor for exposure, rubbing off the sheath by hand when the sun is 50% dry, and then spreading them in the sun, paying attention to frequent turning until the feet are dry; You can also soak the washed Dendrobium in boiling water for 5 min, take it out and dry it, put it on a bamboo mat and expose it to the sun, 1 d turn it for 2 ~ 3 times, knead it and dry it until it becomes soft, and repeat it many times until the residual leaf sheath is removed, and then dry it.