What are these flowers? What's your name and how do you raise it?

The first kind is crape myrtle, not crape myrtle.

Cultivation method

Lagerstroemia indica is robust and easy to cultivate, and has no strict requirements on soil, but it grows best when planted in deep and fertile sandy loam. Sex likes light, so it should be planted in the lee of the sun or under the roots of the south wall of the courtyard. If the light is insufficient, plants will not only spend less or not, but even grow weak and have small branches and leaves. Lagerstroemia indica is cold-resistant, but it should be well protected from cold and heat at seedling stage, and the adult plants over three years old do not need heat preservation. Lagerstroemia indica is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. Water it once a year before germination in spring and after defoliation in autumn. If it is not too dry at ordinary times, you don't need to water it. Drainage should be done well in rainy season to prevent water from rotting roots. Fertilization can be applied after defoliation in winter and before germination in spring every year, such as applying human manure or sesame paste residue, which can make plants grow vigorously and flowers big and colorful in the coming year. Generally, pruning should be carried out after defoliation in autumn, and long branches, dead branches, drooping branches, pests and diseases branches, slender branches and endogenous branches should be cut off in time during the young tree period, so that the upper part of the trunk can obtain sufficient nutrients and form a good crown.

Lagerstroemia indica is vulnerable to aphids, scale insects, spiny moths and leaf roller moths during the growth period. If it happens, dimethoate EC with 1000 times can be used to kill scale insects and aphids, and 80% dichlorvos EC with 1500 times can be used to kill spiny moths and leaf rollers.

The propagation of Lagerstroemia indica can be carried out by sowing, cutting and dividing plants, but the cutting method is the best, which not only has high survival rate, but also has fast plant formation, early flowering and high seedling rate. Cutting can be carried out in June. Select one-year-old robust branches with good lignification and no diseases and insect pests, cut and grow to about 15cm with sterile branches, cut off the lower leaves, leaving only two or three upper leaves, insert them into an intertillage sterile seedbed with a depth of about 10cm, and then cover them with plastic film and reed curtain for moisture and shade. Spray water 1 time every day after cutting, keep the humidity above 70%, and take root after 45 days. After the cuttings grow new buds, they are gradually illuminated, the plastic film is removed, and fertilization begins two months later. Cutting seedlings should be well protected from cold and heat when overwintering in seedbed, and can be transplanted and planted in April of the following year.

Reproduction management reproduction method

type

Lagerstroemia indica has graceful posture, smooth trunk, bright colors and long flowering period. Summer and autumn are sustainable 100 days. It is a good ornamental, which can be used to beautify courtyards, parks and green spaces, and can also be used for potted plants. Lagerstroemia indica likes sunshine, is slightly tolerant to shade, drought and waterlogging, and is strong in pruning. It grows well on calcareous soil and has strong cold resistance. Lagerstroemia indica can be propagated by sowing, cutting, layering, dividing plants, grafting and other methods.

Sowing propagation

A large number of healthy and tidy seedlings can be obtained at one time. Collect1October165438+February 65438+February mature seeds, remove the peel, slightly dry the seeds, and put them in a container for drying and preservation. In March of the following year, the sandy loam seedbed was planted with wide banners or spread, covered with a layer of fine burnt marl and covered with grass, so that no seeds could be seen. Germinate for more than 10 days, uncover the grass in time, and sow after the rain when two pairs of true leaves appear; Weed frequently at seedling stage, topdressing thin fertilizer 2-3 times in June-July, and irrigating in summer to prevent drought. The height of seedlings at the end of the year is about 40-50 cm. Flowers can bloom in the year of vigorous growth, so they should be cut off in time and transplanted and grown up in the spring equinox the next year.

cutting

Hardwood cutting and softwood cutting can be used.

Hardwood cutting is generally carried out in the middle and late March to early April before the branches germinate. Select stout annual branches, cut them into cuttings with a length of15cm, and insert them into a loose and well-drained sandy loam seedbed, and the cuttings are deep enough to expose the top buds of the cuttings. After insertion, it is filled with water and covered with plastic film to keep moisture and heat. When the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, you can remove the film, put on the sunshade net and water them in time. The branches can grow to about 60-80 cm in that year.

Softwood cutting is carried out in July and August, when the new branches grow vigorously and have the most vitality. Select semi-lignified branches and cut them into cuttings of 8 ~ LOCM length, leaving 2 ~ 3 leaves at the top. The cutting depth is 3 ~ 4cm. After inserting, you can water it and shade it with a shade shed. Generally, it can take root in about 20 days. Remove the film, keep the sunshade net, and then water it in time. Branches can grow to about 60-80 cm in that year, and the survival rate is very good.

separate

Dig out the roots of tillering seedlings that germinate in the rhizosphere of plants in early March-April or autumn, properly prune the roots and branches, and plant them separately. Small seedlings can be bare-rooted, and big seedlings should carry mud balls. During the tending period, they should be pruned and trimmed frequently to maintain a beautiful tree shape and promote the flourishing of flowers and branches.

Stratified propagation

The growing season can be carried out, especially in March-April in spring. In the air layering method, branches of 1 ~ 2 years old can be selected, cut and girdled with a sharp knife to expose xylem, and rooting powder solution can be applied about 3 cm above the cut part (diluted according to regulations). When it is dry, put a cylindrical plastic bag around the cut part, fill it with loose garden soil, water it and tie it tightly at both ends, and check it after one month. If the soil is too dry, it can be hydrated and moisturized.

Grafting method

There are several varieties of Lagerstroemia indica, such as Yin Wei, whose flowers are white; Cuiwei, the flowers are blue-purple and lavender; Red, pink, crimson, etc. ; The author grafted several annual or biennial branches with different colors on the same tree, and the survival rate was over 98%. The specific method is: from late February to early March, before the branches of Lagerstroemia indica sprout. When grafting, the well-developed seedlings are selected as rootstocks, and the branches of the required color are used as scions, and the splitting method is adopted. First, the top of the rootstock near the peripheral part is split longitudinally with a knife about 5-8 cm deep, and then the scions of more than two buds with a length of 5-8 cm are cut into wedges and inserted into the split part of the rootstock to align with the cambium. Then wrap the whole spike with plastic film to expose the bud head. This method is used to graft branches of different colors on the same rootstock in layers to form multi-color trees. After 2-3 months of grafting, the membrane can be loosened. At this time, the length of the ear head can reach 50-80 cm. Branches should be cut short in time to avoid being broken by the wind and can be cultivated into thick branches. The survival rate of plants cultivated in this way is very good.

Specific practice: from late February to early March, before the branches of Lagerstroemia indica germinate. When grafting, the well-developed seedlings are selected as rootstocks, and the branches of the required color are used as scions, and the splitting method is adopted. First, chop a knife at the top of the rhizome near the peripheral part, about 5? 8 cm deep, and then take the length of 5? 8 cm scions with more than 2 buds were cut into wedges and inserted into the cracks of rootstock, aligned with the cambium. Then wrap the whole spike with plastic film to expose the bud head. This method is used to graft branches of different colors on the same rootstock in layers to form multi-color trees. Grafting 2? After 3 months, the membrane can be loosened and the length of the ear head can reach 50? 80 cm, the branches should be cut short in time to avoid being broken by the wind, and can be cultivated into thick branches. The survival rate of plants cultivated in this way is very good.

The author summed up the following conclusions from years of practice: among the five propagation methods, the color of seedlings cultivated by the latter four methods maintained the excellent performance of scions. However, there are many buds and branches produced by plant cutting and division, which need to be removed in time. If you need to practice to become a senior 3? For 6-meter trees, the seedlings propagated by sowing method are better, and the side branches produced are obviously reduced, but the colors of seedlings propagated by sowing method are easy to vary.

Cultivation management

Lagerstroemia indica should be planted in the leeward and sunny place with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Large seedlings should be transplanted with the ball and the branches should be trimmed properly, otherwise the survival rate will be low. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in the planting hole, water it after cutting, and water it 1 time after 3 days. Lagerstroemia indica germinates late. Under normal circumstances, the leaves will only spread from mid-April to the end of April. Because of root injury, the germination of new plants will be delayed. So don't give up management just because you have no job.

After survival, the plant management is extensive, Lagerstroemia indica is strong and easy to cultivate, and the requirements for soil are not high, but it grows best when planted in deep and fertile sandy loam. Sex likes light, so it should be planted in the lee of the sun or under the roots of the south wall of the courtyard. If the light is insufficient, plants will not only spend less or not, but even grow weak and have small branches and leaves. Lagerstroemia indica is cold-resistant, but it should be cold-proof and heat-proof at seedling stage, and it is three years old.

The above adult plants do not need heat preservation. Lagerstroemia indica is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging. Water it once a year before germination in spring and after defoliation in autumn. If it is not too dry at ordinary times, you don't need to water it. Generally, water l ~ 3 times in spring drought, and drain well in rainy season to prevent water from rotting roots. Autumn is not suitable for watering. Fertilization can be applied after defoliation in winter and before germination in spring every year, such as applying human manure or sesame paste residue, which can make plants grow vigorously and flowers big and colorful in the coming year. In order to make Osmunda bloom, pruning should be carried out during dormancy. Because the crape myrtle inflorescence is planted at the top of the new branches in that year, the annual branches should be pruned and retracted when pruning, so that the nutrients are concentrated and the branches are strong. Long branches, dead branches, drooping branches, pests and diseases branches, slender branches and endogenous branches should be cut off, and the side branches at the lower part of the trunk should be cut off in time during the young tree period, so that the upper part of the trunk can get enough nutrients and form a good crown.

Lagerstroemia indica cultivation and management are extensive, but it is necessary to cut off dead branches, pests and diseases in time and burn them. In order to prolong the flowering period, the branches that have blossomed should be cut off in time so as to germinate again and grow the next round of flowers. In order to make the trunk thicker, you can cut off many flowers and concentrate on cultivating the trunk. Practice has proved that with proper management, Lagerstroemia indica can bloom many times a year, reaching 100/ 120 days.

Stratification in winter and spring

The stratification time is generally 1 1 to February of the following year. First, dig a ditch with a depth of 20 cm to 30 cm in the whole nursery according to the row spacing of 40 cm, and apply 2 cm to 3 cm cow dung or horse manure as base fertilizer in the ditch. Combined with pruning in winter and spring, healthy plants with excellent varieties, bright flowers and no pests and diseases are selected as mother plants, and well-developed annual or biennial branches are adopted, with the required diameter of 1cm ~ 4cm and unlimited length. Soak in clear water for 2 hours, then bury it obliquely along the ditch, then cover the root firmly, and roll the upper part along the ditch, covering the soil 10 cm to 10 cm. In this way, it can germinate and grow in mid-March, and you can see the buds exposed on the ground in April. At this time, you can make a small arch shed again, cover it with plastic film and remove the grass. If the temperature in the shed exceeds 30℃, ventilate and cool down. From mid-March, the film should be uncovered and cultivated along the ditch once every 20 days, * * * 3 ~ 4 times, so that the base of the seedling will be changed from the original height to a ridge with a height of 10 cm, and a large number of adventitious roots will be produced. At the end of May, the arch shed will be demolished, and the seedlings will be pruned in sections according to the sprouting situation, and each sprouted seedling will become an independent seedling. At this time, it is necessary to top, promote the development of lateral branches, apply farmyard manure once, such as pancake fertilizer water or urea water, and then cultivate the soil along the ditch to promote growth. After that, it will be topdressing 3-4 times. If buds appear and become thinner in time, they will generally become full-crowned, leafy plants that year. After autumn, seedlings will emerge with soil in rainy days, so as to avoid damaging capillary roots as much as possible, and move to a place with sufficient sunshine and water and fertilizer for planting. After survival, water and fertilizer should be well controlled to enhance its adaptability. Comparatively speaking, under the same conditions, Lagerstroemia indica seedlings propagated by this method not only have developed roots, high transplanting survival rate, but also have better crown shape than other propagated seedlings. Through observation, many vines can also be propagated by this method, such as wisteria, Lingxiao, forsythia and so on.

The second kind is indeed Nandina domestica.

Morphological characteristics of 1

The plant height is about 2m, and it is an evergreen shrub with no hair. Erect, less branched. The old stems are light brown and the young branches are red. Leaves opposite, 2-3 odd pinnate compound leaves, leaflets elliptic-lanceolate. Panicle terminal; Flowers are small and white; Berries are spherical and bright red, which can last until February of the following year. The stem is erect, with few branches, and the young branches are often red. Leaves alternate, usually concentrated in leaf sheaths; 3 ~ 5 leaflets, elliptic-lanceolate, 3 ~ 10 cm long. White flowers bloom in summer and large panicles are terminal. Berry is spherical, bright red when ripe, occasionally yellow, with a diameter of 0.6 ~ 0.7 cm, containing 2 seeds, and the seeds are oblate. Flowering period may-June, fruit maturity 10- next year 1 month.

2 Distribution of origin

Produced in the Yangtze River valley of China and Shaanxi, Huangchuan, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces [1]. It is also cultivated in Japan and India.

3 growth habits

It is an evergreen shrub. Most of them are born beside wet valleys, under sparse forests or bushes, and they are indicator plants of calcareous soil. I like a warm, humid and well-ventilated semi-cloudy environment. Hardy. Weak alkaline resistant soil. Flowering period may-July. Wild in sparse forests and bushes, also planted in gardens. The leaves turned red in the strong light. Suitable for growing in moist, fertile and well-drained sandy loam.

Four breeding methods

4. 1 Propagation and cultivation

Propagation is mainly by sowing and dividing plants, and cutting can also be [1]. When the fruit is ripe, it can be harvested and sown, or it can be sown in spring. Before germination in spring or autumn, it is advisable to divide plants. Cutting is carried out before the new buds germinate or when the new buds stop growing in summer. Indoor maintenance should strengthen ventilation and light transmission to prevent scale insects from happening.

4.2 Seed propagation

Collect seeds in autumn and sow immediately after harvest. On the whole seedbed, furrow was dug, the row spacing was 33 cm, the depth of furrow was about 10 cm, and the sowing amount was 90- 120 kg per hectare. After sowing, cover plant ash and fine soil and compact. In the second year, the seedlings grow slowly, so it is necessary to weed frequently, loosen the soil and apply light human and animal manure. Pay attention to intertillage weeding every year in the future. Topdressing, after 3 years of cultivation, can be planted in the nursery. Transplantation should be carried out after the spring rain. The plant spacing is 100 cm. Dig out the seedlings with soil before planting. If you can't take them away, you must use fine mud roots to survive after planting.

4.3 ramet propagation

In spring and autumn, the clumps of plants are dug out, the soil is shaken off and cut off from the weak foundation. Each cluster has 2 to 3 stems, and some roots are needed. At the same time, cut off some large pinnate compound leaves, plant them in the ground or in pots, and they will blossom and bear fruit after one or two years of cultivation.

4.4 harvesting and processing

After planting for 4 ~ 5 years, some old stems can be harvested in winter. After 6 ~ 7 years, you can dig up the whole plant, shake off the soil, remove the leaves, break the stems and roots into thin slices and dry them for later use. 10 ~165438+10, harvesting when the fruit turns red or yellow-white, and drying in the sun for later use.

Edit the cultivation points in this section, and select the land for soil preparation.

Choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good irrigation and drainage. Neutral and slightly alkaline soils with good drainage on hillsides can also be planted. It can also be cultivated in the gap in the corner. Before planting, make a low bed or a high bed with a width of 120 ~ 150 cm.

4.5 Site management

In the first year after planting, weed and topdressing 1 time in spring, summer and winter, and replant the seedlings when they are short. After that, plough and weed only in spring or winter every year, and topdressing 1 time.

Mildly acidic soil is suitable for the growth of nandina domestica, and it can be prepared according to the ratio of 5 parts of sandy soil, 4 parts of humus soil and manure 1 part. Before planting, cover the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin with broken tiles, preferably with a layer of charcoal, which is beneficial to drainage and sterilization. Generally, the roots of plants are covered with soil, such as root cutting, root pulling and blackening.

Roots or extra roots should be cut off and plants should be planted in soil according to conventional methods. After watering, they should be kept in the shade. After about 15 days, you can see the sun. Change the pan every 1 ~ 2 years. Usually, the plants are taken out of the pot, the old culture soil is removed, most of the roots are cut off, and the delicate and short techniques are removed. It is advisable to leave 3 ~ 5 plants, plant them in pots with culture soil and manage them in the shade. It will be managed normally after half a month. Nandina domestica is best kept in a semi-cool, cool and humid place. Under strong light, the stubby stems turn dark red, the young leaves "burn" and the adult leaves turn red; In a very cool place, slender stems and long leaves and loose plants are not conducive to ornamental value and fruit. The suitable growth temperature of nandina domestica is about 20℃, the suitable flowering and fruiting temperature is 24 ~ 25℃, and it is generally not lower than 0℃ when it is moved into greenhouse in winter. Moved out of the house after Tomb-Sweeping Day the following year.

Nantianzhu Nantianzhu should be watered dry and wet. Water frequently in dry season to keep the soil moist; Water the leaves once a day in summer and spray them 2 ~ 3 times to keep them moist and prevent them from burning and damaging their appearance. Pay special attention to watering when flowering, so as not to dry the soil, and sprinkle water on the ground to improve the air humidity, so as to improve the pollination rate. Plants are semi-dormant in winter, so don't get the soil too wet. The watering time should be in the morning and evening in summer and at noon in winter. During the growth period of Nandina domestica, thin fertilizer should be applied to the fine seedlings for about half a month (organic fertilizer containing more phosphorus should be applied). Dry fertilizer should be applied to adult plants three times a year, in May, August and June, 5438+ 10 respectively. The third time, when you move indoors for the winter, you should apply fertilizer. The fertilizer can be fully fermented cake fertilizer and sesame paste residue. Generally, the first and second fertilization amount is less, and the third fertilization amount can be increased. During the growth period, the sprouting branches and dense branches at the roots are cut off, and the branches with long ear are cut off, leaving 1 and two lower branches to ensure the beautiful plant shape and facilitate flowering and fruiting.

4.6 Humidity lighting

I like humid or semi-dry climate, and the relative temperature of air in the growing environment is required to be 50 ~ 70%. When the air relative humidity is too low, the lower leaves will turn yellow and fall off, and the upper leaves will be dull. Because it is native to the subtropical region, it requires strict temperature in winter, and it will stop growing when the ambient temperature is lower than 8℃.

Strong adaptability to light. When maintaining indoors, it should be placed in a bright place, such as living room, bedroom, study and other well-lit places. After curing indoors for a period of time (about one month), it needs to be moved to a cool place outside (with heat preservation conditions in winter) for a period of time (about one month), and so on.

4.7 Potting posture

First, take a shortcut. In late winter and early spring, according to the design requirements, select the latent bud point with moderate height and cut it short. Let it grow in the first year, and in the same period of the second year, you can cut off most of the branches of the previous year, leaving only one or two branches at the bottom, so that axillary buds can grow new buds. Do this every year to avoid the trunk increasing year by year. This practice is also beneficial to the fruits of Tianzhu.

Second, acupuncture. In the germination period of spring, when the new bud grows to two centimeters long, pierce the stem of the new bud with a needle, once every centimeter. As the bud diameter becomes thicker, the number of acupuncture increases to two or four times. This can prevent the growth of new buds and make the trunk or top germinate again. If this method is used repeatedly, new buds will sprout continuously, which can solve the problem of less branches, shorten the length of branches and meet the requirements of modeling and shape control. Until June, before the bamboo blooms. In the meantime, the overgrown bamboo seedlings should be removed in time.

Third, maintenance. In order to ensure the effectiveness of posture adjustment measures, the maintenance and management of Tianzhu must be done well. In spring, bamboo shoots need enough light and humid environment, so they don't need shade; You need to put it in a cool place after July and come back after beginning of autumn. Indoor activities in winter, the soil in the basin is slightly dry and overwinters. Fertilization, from February, once or twice a month, to stop in July; Use cake fertilizer and bone meal fertilizer alternately, not too much and not too thick. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed once at the end of May. The implementation of the above methods needs comprehensive consideration. These Measures shall apply to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. [ 1]

5 garden use

Nandina domestica is a common woody flower in southern China. Because of its beautiful plants, bright fruits and strong adaptability to the environment, it has often appeared in garden applications in recent years. Nandina domestica is mainly used as a plant arrangement in gardens. As a flowering shrub, you can enjoy its bright flowers and fruits. It can also be used as indoor potted plants or ornamental fruit cut flowers.