Plant space construction in modern landscape design?

The following is the creation of plant space in modern landscape design brought by Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

"Only when people realize the ability of trees to create space will they feel the real value and significance of trees." -Alexander "Architectural Pattern Language" Ancient Greek philosophers first began to explore and study the concept of "space". In the different fields of architecture, art and philosophy in the East and the West, the concept of "space" has been developing in application, and it has influenced the progress and development of these disciplines. Many research papers and professional works have also appeared because of the development of its theory and have been applied in practice, and the field of landscape design is no exception. In China, industrious and wise ancients had long studied the disposition of garden plants. As early as 7000 years ago, flowers have been regarded as an ornament. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions three thousand years ago, the words "garden, nursery" represented the embryonic form of gardens in that period; During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, 2,500 years ago, the Book of Songs of Chu recorded the cultivation of flowers. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, some professional works appeared, such as Notes on Garden Plants. There are many works about plant disposition in history, such as Sanfu Huang Tu and Luoyang Famous Garden. In ancient times, the plant landscape style of China classical gardens was shaped by the description of plants by literati. Throughout the year, the plant landscape is colorful and poetic with the change of seasons. Plant landscape is an important component of garden space and plays an important role in garden landscape. The space design of garden plants is the core content of landscape design, which not only proves its importance in modern gardens, but also attaches great importance to the creation of plant space in China classical gardens and western gardens. A plant that changes with the seasons creates a colorful landscape when it forms different plant spaces. When dealing with plant landscape design, we should not only pay attention to the ornamental value of plants, but also expand them to the scope of space. The basic element of landscape design is space, and it is the real meaning to explore, study, utilize and feel the landscape from the perspective of space. Plant landscape is displayed through individual plants, plant communities and natural vegetation, and the beautiful feeling of real experience is generated through human senses. Plant landscape is the use of trees, shrubs and herbs, including lianas, to give full play to the natural beauty of plant shapes, lines and colors through artistic expression. (including shaping and pruning plants) to establish plant landscape. How to follow the principle of plant ecology, meet the requirements of garden art composition and environmental protection, carry out reasonable planting, create various beautiful and practical garden space environments, and make them give full play to the comprehensive functions and ecological benefits of gardens? With this question, let's go into this topic and discuss what kind of plant space should be created in modern landscape design in order to make contributions to improving the living environment. Modern Landscape Design Modern landscape design refers to creating an efficient, safe, comfortable and healthy environment for human beings, rationally arranging land and space, and reconciling the relationship between man and nature. Compared with traditional landscape, modern landscape planning and design mainly serves human beings and other biological species, emphasizes the sustainable development of human beings, resources and environment, highlights the important role of plant design, and gives full play to its space beautification function, composition function and ecological function. Modern landscape design should create enough green space and green scale, design and create enough space, so that people can have psychological reactions through visual senses and materialized forms of landscape environment, thus causing * * * sounds in behavior. The spatial creation of garden plants has extensive and important significance. Garden plant space is usually composed of mountains, water, buildings, plants and many other factors, including different sizes and different scenes. At the same time, the garden space will change with time, so the landscape space is not the three-dimensional space we see, but the four-dimensional space containing time, which is mainly manifested in the seasonal changes of plants. Garden plant space is mainly composed of four dimensions: base plane, vertical separation plane, coverage plane and time. Kevin lynch, the base plane, said, "Space is mainly defined by vertical surfaces, but the only continuous surface is under the feet", which means that the BenQ plane forms the most basic spatial scope. Vertical separation plane Vertical separation plane is the most important manifestation of the spatial composition of garden plants, and it is a plane composed of plants with a certain height. The vertical separation surface forms a clear spatial range and a strong sense of closed space. First of all, the upright trunk is the pillar in the external space, and most of them express the vertical separation surface in an inconspicuous way. Secondly, the height of branches and the density of leaves affect the sense of spatial enclosure. In trees, broad-leaved trees or conifers, the sense of enclosure is directly proportional to their volume. The enclosure degree of deciduous plants is not static, it is closed in summer and open in winter, which changes with the seasons. There is a significant difference between the spatial range of deciduous plants and the stable spatial closure effect that evergreen plants can form in the vertical direction. Covered large and medium-sized tree crowns are connected with each other to form a covered garden plant space. The coverage of plant space is usually composed of branches and leaves whose branches are above the height of human body, which limits human's view of the sky. Coverage characteristics are closely related to leaf density, branch height and planting methods. In summer, the shade formed by lush leaves covers the sky and brings the strongest sense of closure. In winter, deciduous plants are only covered with branches, so when people look up, their sight is transparent and their sense of closure is the weakest. The biggest difference between time garden plant space and architectural space lies in the dimension of "time". With the passage of time and seasonal changes, plants grow and develop to a mature life cycle, forming a series of color and shape changes of leaves and flowers, fragrance, branches and plant types, which constitute four different seasonal changes. This seasonal change of plants enriches the composition of landscape space to a great extent and provides people with various space types to choose from. When deciduous plants enclose plant space, the enclosure degree will change with the seasons. From spring to summer, leafy trees can form a closed space; With the coming of autumn and winter, with the withering of plant leaves, people's sight can break through the limit and gradually extend to the external space. Secondly, the color changes of seasonal changes are also very obvious. Generally speaking, the colors of leaves and flowers have rich changes throughout the year. The landscape created by garden plants is dynamic and full of vitality.

The space type of modern garden plants is time-oriented, and the plant space is composed of base surface, vertical partition surface and covering surface, which are combined into various space types in many different ways. Open plant space refers to the space where people's sight is higher than plant landscape in a specific area. This space is not limited by coverage, and its size and spatial form are only determined by the base surface and vertical partition surface, but in this space, the vertical partition surface is only limited by ground cover plants and relatively low shrubs. Being in it, people's eyes are wide open, they feel comfortable, relaxed and satisfied. In modern landscape design, besides lawn and biennial herbaceous flowers, we should also advocate the use of ground cover plants with strong vitality and easy maintenance and management to create such a space. Semi-open plant space Semi-open plant space is in a certain area, its surroundings are not completely open, and some perspectives are blocked by plants, which is the transition from open space to closed space and the most common space type in gardens. It can also be realized by using landscape elements such as topography, rocks and sketches with plants. The semi-open plant space can restrain people's sight, guide the direction of the space and achieve the effect of "blocking the scenery". In the closed surface of modern landscape design, the three-layer configuration mode of large and small trees, shrubs and herbs can be adopted, which can bring better ecological effects. Covering plant space Covering plant space is usually located between the crown and the ground, and the sense of space is formed by the height of branch points of branches and dense crown. Big trees are good materials for covering space. This plant has high branching point, large crown and good shading effect. Whether planted alone or in groups, it can provide people with more activity space and cool rest areas. The creation of this plant space is the main task of modern landscape design. In addition, vines or climbing plants use flower stands and arches as climbing carriers, which can also effectively form a covering space. The deep planting space is long and narrow, because the scenery on both sides is invisible and can guide people's direction, and people's sight will be led to one end of the space. In modern landscape design, we can often see the deep space constructed by plant materials, such as streams and canyons. Tall trees are planted on both sides to form dense forests, and tall street trees are neatly planted on both sides of the road. When creating this kind of space, leafy trees are the best material, which strengthens the sense of depth and improves the ecological benefits. The vertical plane of the vertical plant space is closed by plants, with the top open and the middle empty, so that an upward open plant space can be formed. Tree rows formed by small and medium-sized trees with low branches and tight crowns and tall and neatly trimmed hedges can form a vertical plant space. This kind of space is only open at the top, which makes people look up and lead their eyes into the air, giving people a strong sense of closure and isolation. This kind of space often appears in memorial gardens. Vertical plant types that close the plant space can form vertical tight space boundaries. When this plant is used with low plants or shrubs, people's sight is completely blocked and the sense of encirclement is stronger. As the cover of the upper floor, the whole space has become a completely closed space. This type of space is most common in scenic spots, forest parks or botanical gardens. In modern landscape design, this plant space has the most complex community structure, the richest plant species and the most obvious ecological benefits.

Characteristics of Garden Plant Landscape Space Garden plant landscape is an important manifestation of outdoor space, which is different from gardens composed of garden buildings, water bodies, topography and other elements. Its characteristics are as follows: the plant landscape space has a fourth interface. The biggest difference between garden plant landscape space and architectural space is the fourth interface "time" in plant landscape space. Time factors include period, season and year, but the landscape of garden plants is a crucial factor. Plant landscape has different performances in different periods, seasons and years. Under different climatic characteristics, the same plant landscape will have different performances. At different times of the day, the change of light and shadow will also bring heterogeneity to the plant landscape. The enclosure space of deciduous plants will change greatly with the change of seasons. For example, the plant space with a strong sense of closure in summer is unobstructed and open in winter. The transformation of plants from seedling stage to mature stage reflects the stage change of landscape characteristics of garden plants. The complexity and diversity of spatial forms in the spatial structure of garden plants dominated by natural trees and flowering shrubs make the spatial forms more free and changeable, which increases the uncertainty and fluidity of the landscape. The change of spatial form and the spatial form of garden plants in dynamic gardens are reflected in the transformation of plants from seedlings to maturity, the adjustment and change of ecological factors of garden plant communities, and the different spatial forms of plants that change with seasons. The spatial scale of garden plants has changed greatly. Architectural space is based on the functional design of buildings, and its scale has not changed. However, as the main plant landscape, the spatial scale changes greatly, and each stage has different spatial feelings.

In modern landscape design and plant space creation, we should first consider the ecological function, simulate the space creation of natural plant communities, and then use some artistic techniques to make rational allocation. Ecological Construction of Plant Space The ecological construction of plant space is to simulate the growth state of plants in nature, make full use of three-dimensional space, give priority to zonal plants, introduce new plant varieties appropriately, form a compound community with trees as the main body and shrubs, herbs and vines as the combination, and form a "near-natural" plant community landscape. Trees, shrubs (lianas) combined with appropriate open lawns, needles combined with broad leaves, seasonal landscape coordinated with spatial structure, fully utilized three-dimensional space, greatly increased the amount of green, which is the best structure of urban green space. Urban greening should highlight trees, but for lighting and ventilation, the proportion of shading should not be too large, shrubs should account for a certain proportion in green space, and the ground should be covered with lawns or ground cover plants. Create an ecological plant space 1, and combine arbor, shrub, grass and vine to create an ecological plant space, mainly imitating the growth conditions of plants in nature, making full use of three-dimensional space, giving priority to native plants, and introducing new plant varieties appropriately to form a composite plant community with trees as the main body and shrubs, herbs and lianas as as the auxiliary, thus forming a plant community landscape close to nature. Trees, shrubs and vines are in harmony with moderately open lawns, needles and broad leaves, seasonal landscapes and spatial structures, and making full use of three-dimensional space is the best structure of urban green space. 2. The combination of community diversity and characteristic tree species diversity can increase the stability of plant community, effectively prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests, and determine the richness of urban landscape and the ecological benefits of urban green space. The diversity of urban green space can reasonably introduce exotic species according to the relationship between site conditions and plant species, carefully select key tree species with beautiful crown and long life in different places, add some fast-growing tree species and introduce honey-source greening plants to form stable and distinctive plant community types. Artistic creation of plant space 1, comparison and change of plant space The image of "a village with a bright future" shows that garden space produces varied artistic effects through activities, such as the contrast of light and shadow, which makes the space attractive. The winding river is wide and changeable, and the trees with huge crowns and dense shadows are planted on both sides, which makes the whole river space changeable. Due to the contrast of space, the landscape effect is more dynamic. Plants can also form a space of contrast between light and shade. For example, a wooded space looks dark, but an open lawn looks bright, all because of the contrast, their spatial characteristics have been strengthened. The contrast between the virtual and real space composed of plants is to create an open or closed flexible space environment with various plants through artistic means. 2. Separation and guidance of plant space In gardens, plant materials are often used to separate and guide spaces. In modern natural gardens, the use of plants to separate spaces can be without any restrictions. Several spaces of different sizes can be separated by planting trees or shrubs in groups to deepen the spatial level and artistic conception. In a formal garden, plants are usually made into geometric figures to divide the space, so that the space looks neat and bright. Hedge is the most widely used form of separating space, and hedges with different shapes and heights can achieve the effect of multiple space separation. The spatial combination and infiltration of different plants also need different guiding methods, which give people psychological hints. Emphasize that nodes and spaces can use more modeling plants to realize the guidance and prompt of functions. 3. Infiltration and circulation of plant space Landscape plants form an interface that restricts space through stems, branches and leaves. Through the combination of interfaces with different densities and the perspective effect, a space with a sense of enclosure and perspective is formed, and people will feel excited and fresh when they go. Semi-open and semi-closed between adjacent spaces, continuity and cyclicity of spaces, etc. Let the whole space be full of layers and depth. Generally speaking, plant layout should pay attention to density, sparse trees in places where scenery can be borrowed, and keep perspective above or below the crown, so that the spatial landscape can penetrate each other. Garden plants, with their soft lines and changeable shapes, are often more flexible and more plastic than other gardening elements. Clusters of bamboos, half-willows and fragrant Woods can often create subtle, flexible and changeable mutual shielding, mutual penetration and circulation between spaces. Case study —— Analysis of landscape design characteristics of Haowangshan Mountain in Longhu. According to the planning and architectural characteristics, the landscape design divides the plot into two blocks: high-rise area and courtyard area, and gives different landscape themes according to different architectural styles and sales positioning. The landscape of high-rise buildings with Art Deco architectural style is positioned as "a boutique park with neo-classical natural concept", and the courtyard landscape with Tuscan architectural style is positioned as "a romantic Tuscan naturalism park". Spatial function analysis highlights the spatial atmosphere of sunshine, streams and lawns in landscape design, and deeply analyzes the characteristics of site topography and water system, and the angle of sunlight irradiation. , a reasonable division of venues, carefully designed venues for the elderly and children. The leading idea of plant design The whole greening design follows the overall layout style, and cooperates with it in style, striving to create a natural and comfortable garden environment in the community, and paying attention to creating space through plants, so that the space forms a sharp contrast; Pay attention to the contrast of texture and color of various plants, create different greening atmosphere in different greening spaces, and use the special form of plants to match, so as to achieve the contrast of individual, shape and texture. Pay attention to the creation of participatory space and make the space more humanized. The combination of greening and hard space makes this kind of space have a beautiful feeling that the trees attract the wind and the ground can be touched, which not only provides a comfortable closed space, but also increases people's emotional communication. Pay attention to the combination of seedling configuration and terrain, and pay attention to the construction of four seasons landscape. The plants in the high-rise boutique garden in the high-rise area are natural, dense and rich. Combined with the terrain, with different levels of plants, flowering plants and aromatic plants with beautiful tree shapes are mainly used to highlight the color and fragrance of plants. Combined with the winding water surface, plants with ornamental value are planted along the river bank, and the landscape space of the river bank is enriched through the collocation of plants and different trees. The design does not emphasize the grandeur, but releases the most natural side of landscape elements, the open grassland space and plant communities, and the reasonable combination of evergreen and deciduous leaves. Lush plants and laid-back people, simple and natural customs skillfully combine landscape space with the leisure function of green space in residential areas. The courtyard space is compact, and the house is equipped with plants of all levels, forming a rich flora and forming a variety of different spatial feelings. There are humanity space for people to stay and rest, and there are also ornamental spaces with rich plant layers for people to stop and watch. Plant planting strategy The landscape of high-rise area is divided into: leisure garden, entrance waterscape garden planting area, regular garden, children's activity garden, sparse lawn garden, sunken courtyard and boutique waterscape garden. Leisure park is a semi-open space planted by natural combination, with tall and straight plants, dense leaves and beautiful trees, and naturally mixed colorful leaves and flowering plants. The planting area of the entrance waterscape garden adopts regularly arranged guiding spaces and closed spaces for natural planting. The plant is a medium-high tree with dense branches and leaves, beautiful tree shape and natural planting form. The regular garden is a semi-open space with regular layout, tall and straight plants and pruning resistance. Children's activity park is a closed space of natural combination planting, with rich planting levels, regular and dense tree shape and high branching points, and most of them use aromatic plants. Sparse forest grassland garden is a public garden space, with tall and straight plants, colorful leaves and flowering trees naturally mixed. The sunken courtyard is a sunken private space, and the plants are planted regularly to create a quiet and closed space effect. The boutique water garden is also a private space, with beautiful young trees, colorful leaves and flowering plants. The main method of plant design is to use the arrangement of trees to create a changing space. Strong spatial contrast makes the dense forests and grasslands more open, which is not only beneficial to the landscape, but also beneficial to activities, so that residents can feel the changes in the collection and release of space when walking in the garden. At the same time, through the guiding role of plants in the line of sight, residents can see different landscapes in each stay space, thus achieving the effect of changing scenery.

Case Study —— Analysis of Landscape Design Features of Gaofa Garden in West Bank of Jordan River in Baoan. Simple and modern design techniques and the design style of Xinya Hotel provide people with the most luxurious and comfortable landscape environment: ensuring the coordination and unity of landscape and architecture, winding and natural continuous waterscape design, ups and downs of natural slopes, plant design full of tropical customs, and various landscape sketches, all of which reflect the designer's accurate grasp of style and strive for perfect design. Plant planting strategy Plant landscape area is a green plant landscape community near the water. This kind of green space is closely connected with the garden road in the surrounding environment, and the route is organized, which is convenient for tourists to reach the waterfront, rest and play on the shore, and increase people's appreciation. The circular path of the curve is related to each space. The setting of the path will affect the dynamic view. When passing through different spaces along the way, the viewpoints, horizons and perspectives in motion are constantly changing, and the landscape effect of the space is different, like a beautiful picture scroll unfolding in front of tourists. The space composed of roadside shrub landscape community and multi-layer plant landscape community has a strong sense of enclosure, plays a transitional role in the open space, and has the characteristics of orderly opening and closing and rich changes. The landscape community of grass-thinning plants is open on three sides, and small and medium-sized trees are planted outside the lawn to form a closed surface, which blocks people's sight, thus guiding the spatial direction and achieving the effect of "blocking the scenery". Through a series of lawn areas, people are suddenly enlightened and happy. Decorate the waterfront with some hydrophilic colorful plants and other plants to enrich the waterfront plant community in color. Such as bamboo banana, red clover, hemp stalk, hawthorn mosaic, variable leaf wood and so on. Use some large leaves or drooping plants with special shapes to soften and enrich the waterfront. Such as spring feather, turtle back bamboo, dripping Guanyin and so on. Choose plants with different leaf shapes to make the waterfront plant community more diverse, natural and wild, increase the appreciation and create a unique waterfront area. Such as dripping Guanyin, Jin Fenghua, Bambusa bambusa, Eclipta prostrata, Pukui, Alternanthera leaf, etc. Plant some aquatic plants in the water to enrich the water surface and coastline, which can be decorated in corners or the focus of sight. Such as: Zailihua, water lily, Eclipta prostrata, etc.

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