English in the four academies

The English expression of the four academies is the four academies.

There are three sources of "four hospitals". One is Yingtianfu Academy, Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy and Songyang Academy. This version is the most widely circulated. Second, it refers to Yingtian Academy, Yuelu Academy, Shigu Academy and Bailudong Academy. Third, it refers to Culai Academy, Maoshan Academy, Shigu Academy and Yuelu Academy.

The "four major academies" in China are Yingtian Academy (now Nanhu in Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan Province), Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan Province), Bailudong Academy (now Lushan Mountain in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) and Songyang Academy (now Songshan Mountain in Dengfeng, Zhengzhou, Henan Province). Since then, these four academies have been collectively referred to as the "Four Academies" in China.

With the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in 907 AD, the history of China entered the period of "Five Dynasties and Ten Countries", the official schools were destroyed and the order was chaotic, and a number of privately founded academies began to appear in China. The ancient people in China paid attention to the inheritance of poetic rites, and no matter which dynasty or generation, they regarded reading as a top priority. As a result, in the thousands of years of historical circulation, the "four academies" bearing the spark of civilization and thought came into being.

The specific content of the academy:

Academy is a unique educational organization and academic research institution in China feudal society, founded or presided over by famous scholars. The college has a hill, which is in charge of teaching and college affairs. There are two kinds of colleges: government-run colleges and private colleges. Government-run colleges are hired by local officials, while private colleges employ their own mountain leaders, which must be reported to the government for the record. There is no fixed number of students.

The college is dominated by free learning, supplemented by multi-person lectures. Mountain leaders or famous teachers give lectures, essays and poems irregularly. Fushun and Rongxian academies prevailed in Qing Dynasty. Later, due to the reform of the education system, academies were either abolished or changed to schools. The academy first appeared in the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, and was located in Lizheng Academy in Wei Zi, the eastern capital.

The formal education system was founded by Zhu and developed in the Song Dynasty. At that time, wealthy businessmen and scholars raised their own funds, built study rooms in secluded places in the mountains, or bought school fields to collect rent to supplement their funds. Famous academies in Song Dynasty include Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Songyang Academy in Taishishan, Dengfeng, Henan, and Shigu Academy in Shigushan, Hengyang, Hunan.