In what way did ancient times indicate what era that day was?

In ancient times, it was expressed by the emperor's "year number" or "the era of cadres and branches" Before using the year number, the historical chronology system was used, with the succession of the monarch as the latitude and longitude. In ancient China, the year or the year after the new monarch ascended the throne was the first year. Every time the monarch changes hands, he changes RMB once or several times, and the fixed number of years is re-accumulated on the basis of Singapore dollar. Later, there was the year number set by the emperor. China started from Xibochang, where there was no Shang Dynasty, until Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, switched to the year number, and all of them used the imperial calendar system to mark the year. The exact dates of the Western Zhou Dynasty * * * and the first year include the Western Zhou Dynasty (the last year), the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (including the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period), the Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty from the Han Dynasty to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, ***70 1 year (84 1 year ago-140 years ago). The Spring and Autumn Annals and the Warring States Policy, two ancient books about the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, both use the imperial calendar. The chronology of emperors is one of the important features in the study of belief history. The dating project of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties is an attempt to trace back the exact age of previous history on the basis of accurate chronology and the first year. At present, * * * and previous history cannot be incorporated into the existing continuous and accurate historical time system. There was no title before the Han Dynasty, and the first year of the monarch's reign was generally called the first year. This is also the standard of historical narrative system, which is the so-called imperial year number. Generally speaking, a monarch has only one first year in his life. There are also examples of changing RMB, but they are relatively rare. As early as the end of Shang Dynasty, Xi Bochang changed his appointment date to [1], which was the first recorded change of monarch. Every monarch has his own calendar from the beginning. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, * * * politics, with * * * and calendar year, was the only calendar year named like the early Western Zhou Dynasty, because *** 14 had no monarch, but it was the starting point of China's trust in history. From then on, the time of historical events is true, which can be calculated before and after and converted by Gregorian calendar. Therefore, the chronology of emperors after * * * has the significance of historical research. Before the Han Dynasty, there were few changes in the monarch's reign, except for two changes in the Warring States Period [1]: in the thirty-sixth year of Wei Huiwang (the first 334 years), Wei Huiwang and Qi Weiwang became kings in Xuzhou (now southeast of tengxian, Shandong), and Wang Hui took this year as the first year after. In the 14th year of Qin Huiwen's reign (the first 324 years), Qin Huiwen became king, taking this year as the last year. (or the first year of his reign) and the general monarch did not change the yuan before his death, then the year number is added after the title of monarch to indicate the year, such as the first year of Qin Dynasty (246 years before). It should be noted that although the King of Qin unified the six countries in the first 22 1 year, it was called the 26th year of Qin Shihuang. Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the title in 140, two monarchs changed the title:

Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty has two calendar years: Ganyuan (179- 164, * * 16) and Hou Yuan (163- 157, * * 7).

Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty has three calendar years: Ganyuan (157- 149, * * 9 years), Zhongyuan (149- 144, * * 6 years) and Hou Yuan (148 years).

The year number refers to the name used to record the year. Generally initiated by the emperor. Originated in China, Silla in the 6th century, Korea, Japan in the late 7th century, and Vietnam in the10th century all started to use year numbers because of the influence of China [1]. Ancient Vietnam, Korea during the Korean Empire, Korea in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the ancient Mongolian capital were influenced by China. It is Japan that still uses the year number. Chinese mainland, Hongkong, Macau, South Korea and Viet Nam have completely abolished the year number. After the year number is used, it is the way of "year number XX year". For example, the first year of Hongwu, that is to say, today is the first year of Hongwu, which is 1368. In some places, "Hongwu Wushen Year" will be used to mean "the first year of Hongwu". Heavenly stems and earthly branches's cooperation is used to express the time in the era of main branches. There are 60 groups of chronicles of main branches and branches, starting from Jiazi and ending in Guihai. Sometimes there is a way to date the year with dry branches alone. For example, in Preface to Lanting Collection, "Nine Years in Yonghe, Early in Guichou, Late in Spring", there is a form of using the chronology of dry branches alone. The year of the trunk and branches is later than that of the year. Chronology of branches and branches rose in Wang Mang's period. Popular in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In addition to these two ways, there are: Tai Sui chronology (the year of the stars), Confucius chronology, and the era of the Yellow Emperor.

Chronology:

People in ancient China noticed that the Jupiter runs once every 12 years on average, which resulted in the chronology of the Jupiter, which was very popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This calendar divides the week around the ecliptic into twelve stars from west to east, and the annual star runs once a year. The names of the twelve stars are: Astrology, Xuanyi, Zhanglou, Girder, Stone God, Quail Head, Quail Fire, Quail Tail, Shouxing, Fire and Analysis Wood. The running direction of the satellite is from west to east, which is opposite to the distribution from east to west on Sunday and1February.

Comparison Table of Lunar Star, Lunar Year and Traditional Year [1]

(In this table, the corresponding relationship between the position of the year-old star and the twelve birthdays and the year of Tai Sui is the astronomical phenomena at the end of the Warring States Period. )

Tai sui Ji nian (from west to east) Haizi Chou Chen hasn't applied yet this afternoon.

Analysis of the fire of twelve stars and two birthday stars: the mysterious star age; A falling beam; Stone quail; Quail; Quail; The fire cowered; Tail.

Corresponding to the zodiac Libra Scorpio Sagittarius (Sagittarius) Capricorn Aquarius (Aquarius) Pisces Aries (Aries) Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo (Virgo)

The corresponding ones are Erba Sujiao, Kangxin, Fang, Chicken Plate, Tail Dou, Niu Xu, Yu, Nvbi, Shi Lou, Kui Bi, Zan, Stomach Ginseng, Jackal Ghost, Xing, Zhang Yi and Yan.

Yin, the ugly son of Twelve Chen (from east to west), hasn't applied yet this afternoon.

Chronology of Confucius:

The era of Confucius, also known as Confucius calendar, is based on Confucius, the most holy teacher, and usually takes the year when Confucius was born as the first year.

Confucius was born on August 27th in the summer calendar (September 28th in the current solar calendar) in the twentieth year (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu, the year of Huangdi 2 146, and the year of 55 1 BC).

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, some scholars and reformists began to oppose the emperor's chronology and advocated the Confucius chronology. Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others began to use the Confucius era in "Qiang Ji" published in Guangxu 2 1+0 1 year. In Kang Youwei's Preface to Li Yun, the year when Confucius was born is considered as the Gregorian calendar year.

Huangdi era:

The era of the Yellow Emperor is based on the era of the Yellow Emperor, who is regarded as the ancestor of China people. The era of the Yellow Emperor was used by both reformists and revolutionaries in China in the late Qing Dynasty. According to the officially recognized era of the Yellow Emperor at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China,191year (2462 holes,191) was 4609, and the first year of the Republic of China was 46 10. The era of the Yellow Emperor was 2 147 years earlier than Confucius and 2698 years earlier than A.D..

In the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903), Liu published the Chronology of Huangdi in the National Daily, opposing the Chronology of Confucius advocated by Kang Youwei and other reformists. Liu advocated taking the birth year of Huangdi as the first year of the era, and 46 14 in the 29th year of Guangxu. However, the year of birth and death of the Yellow Emperor is not clearly recorded in the literature. Song advocated that the year of Guihai, which was considered as the emperor's accession to the throne, was the first year of the era, and 1904 was the year of the Yellow Emperor, which became the mainstream era of the Yellow Emperor. Revolutionary magazines headed by People's Daily, the organ newspaper of China League, adopted the era of the Yellow Emperor.

After Wuchang Uprising, Hubei military government adopted the era of the Yellow Emperor, and provincial governments followed suit. However, in the discussion of establishing the * * * and the government, the era of the Yellow Emperor was considered to be based on the chronology of the emperor, which was not commensurate with the spirit of democracy and harmony. [Source Request] After Sun Wen became the provisional president of the Republic of China, he announced the Yellow Emperor's year 4609 165438+ 10/3 (1 9/2 years 65438+ 10/kloc).

] Comparison table between Huangdi era and western calendar

The date of the Bulletin of the Republic of China founded by Hubei military government is 10+05, and the year of Huangdi is 4609.

Gregorian calendar19031904190519071908190919.

Zhuzhi, Gui Mao, Yi Si and Ding didn't apply for Wu Shen, but he did.

The People's Daily takes 2698 BC as its first year, 4602, 4603, 4604, 4605, 4606, 4607, 4608 and 4609.

27 1 1 46 BC144615461646174618461946265433.

Jiangsu and other newspapers and periodicals take 249 BC1as the first year of 4394 4395 4396 4397 4398 4399 4400 44014402.

The chronology of Genghis Khan was used by the "Mongolian-New Zealand Joint Autonomous Government" supported by Japan. That is, 1206, Temujin called Genghis Khan the first year of his reign. In 1936- 1945, it is recorded as Ji Cheng 73 1-740.

After Japan surrendered, the Mongolian government was dissolved. However, since Demuchuk Dunlop continued to seek to establish a "Mongolian autonomous government", this calendar year has been used until 1949 (744).