The Historical Evolution of Tang Ming

Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties was designed in accordance with the concept of "harmony between man and nature". The imperial city surrounded Miyagi from the southeast and west, and "defended as Beichen". The tall buildings on the north-south axis are crowned with the word "sky", and the whole axis can be described as "sky". Especially after Wu Zetian built Luoyang City, she changed the tradition of single-storey main hall of the central axis of Wei Zi Palace in Luoyang, and made the three-dimensional outline and style of Luoyang Miyagi more magnificent. The "Seven Days Building" in the central axis complex of Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties is the highest and most magnificent central axis complex in ancient China. Tang Ming is located at the commanding height of the central axis building in Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Tang Ming, or "Tiangong", is also called "Han Yuan Dian" and "Tian Tong Gong". Wei Zi Palace was originally the middle wall among the three walls of stars in the sky, located in the center of the northern sky, so it was called the Middle Palace. The Ziwei Courtyard is the place where the Emperor of Heaven lives and the inner court of the Emperor of Heaven. When Yang Di built Luoyang, it was named after the imperial palace in the sky. Miyagi in Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties is also called "Wei Zi Palace". It is also because the name of the Tiangong Emperor in Wei Zi Palace is Tang Ming, which is the center of 28 stars. Therefore, in the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, Wu Zetian changed the tradition that the rites of the Zhou Dynasty were built in the south of the city, and built them in the palace as the official residence of Luoyang City, echoing the heart constellation in the sky, that is, "the law is centered and the court is planned to be in the temple"

The so-called Tang Ming, that is, "the temple of Ming Orthodox Church", is "the temple of emperors". There is a saying: "The king built Tang Ming, which means it is conducive to harmony. Therefore, it is called Tang Ming ",and" the emperor built Tang Ming, which means to know God, feel heaven and earth, be enlightened, respect morality, emphasize morality, show ability and praise pedestrians.

The word "Tang Ming" first appeared in Yizhoushu, and it appeared frequently. Tang Ming was built by the Duke of Zhou in Luoyi, and the respect of the Ming Dynasty princes showed that there was a physical Tang Ming building at that time. But there is no accurate description of the original appearance of Mingtang. Tang Ming in Zhou Dynasty recorded in Kao Craftsman was developed from the "Shi Shi" in Xia Dynasty and the "Heavy House" in Shang Dynasty.

Tang Ming's main significance lies in using theocracy to deploy politics and publicize the divine right of monarchy. Generally, Ming halls are built in the south of the city, which is the so-called "Buzheng Hall, in the yang of the country." Although Tang Ming has existed since ancient times, the architectural shapes and scales of each dynasty are different, and there is no completely unified style. The Ming Hall in the Eastern Han Dynasty is "below the upper circle, with eight windows and four columns, nine rooms and twelve halls". Later, Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty continued to use it after repairs. The Northern Wei Dynasty was not built because of the dispute over form.

In the fifth year of Daming in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 46 1 year), in summer and May, the new work Tang Ming ranked third, and Emperor Mao Wendi offered sacrifices to gods in Tang Ming.

As early as the Sui Dynasty, there was a plan to build Tang Ming, but it was not implemented. Tang Gaozu is in Zen, the world is not peaceful, and Tang Ming has not been established. After Emperor Taizong came to power, the world was settled and the matter of Tang Ming was put on the agenda. Emperor Taizong pursued the ancient ceremony, but there was no rule to follow in regulating Tang Ming, and the matter was finally shelved. During the Tang Gaozong period, it took a lot of trouble to discuss Tang Ming's plan, but before it was completed, Emperor Gaozong could not afford to get sick and die.

Wu Zetian inherited the last wish of Emperor Gaozong, and at the same time regarded Tang Ming as a symbol of her own destiny and dynasty, so she attached great importance to the construction of Tang Ming. However, the style of his decision-making motion is completely different from that of Gao Zong. It didn't listen to the endless arguments of Confucianism, but discussed its supervision with the North Gate Bachelor alone, and the Tang Ming plan was soon determined.

In the spring of the third year of Tang Ruizong Diaojiaolou (687), Wu Zetian pushed through the crowd, demolished the main hall of Luoyang Palace, Gan Yuan Hall, and built a big hall on the original site. Hanging arch for four years, the fifth day of the first month (spring of 688), lasted about one year, and the hall was completed. In the fifth year after Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, Xue Huaiyi, the head of Wu Zetian, fell out of favor and set fire to the Xanadu around Tang Ming. However, because Tang Ming is too close to the Heaven (archaeological investigation shows that the rammed earth foundation between them is only16m), "In the first month of the first year of Shengyuan (695), the Heaven caught fire and extended to Tang Ming, and the Second Hall was destroyed in the morning".

Tang Ming is a symbol of imperial destiny and imperial power. The destruction of Tang Ming hit Wu Zetian hard, but she didn't lose heart. In March of 695, Wu Zetian wrote to build a great hall and a paradise. Also cast bronze for Kyushu Ding and Twelve Gods, each one foot high, and put them in their respective positions.

In March of the second year (AD 696), Xinmingtang was completed. Because the newly-built Tang Ming was built for the Wu family, it is called Wu Zhouming Hall, also known as "Tian Tong Palace".

In April 697, the imperial court cast Jiuding and moved it to Tiantong Palace. Yuzhou Dinggao 18 feet can hold 1800 stones. Pots in other States are each 14 feet high and can hold 1200 stones. The images of mountains and rivers are cast on the tripod respectively, and more than 560,700 kilograms of copper is used. Empress Dowager Cixi wants to use 1200 two yellow lacquer tripod. Yao said: "Jiuding is an artifact, and what is precious is nature. And I think its five colors glow with each other and don't need gold. " The Queen Mother took his advice. Jiuding dragged in from Xuanwu Gate, and ordered the Prime Minister and the kings to lead more than 100,000 guards in the North and South Mansions to pull with Daniel and White Elephant in the guard of honor.

During the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made great efforts to make the country rich and strong. He moved the capital to Du Dong five times and took charge of Luoyang for nearly 1 1 year, creating a prosperous "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng". At this time, the Tang Empire still paid equal attention to both capital city and capital city. East and west Beijing, bustling outside, peaceful inside, complement each other, they propped up the sky in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 17), Tang Ming was renamed "Ganyuantang"; In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), the old name of "Tang Ming" was restored.

In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (AD 738), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty rebuilt Tang Ming, demolished the upper floor and core wood, and built an octagonal building with eight dragon wings and fire beads on the flat seat.

During the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Ming was burned twice by rebels and Uighur soldiers, and was completely destroyed in 762 AD. At this point, as a symbol of the national movement, Tang Ming, after witnessing the ups and downs of the Tang Dynasty, collapsed in the war and turned into a scorched earth. 1986, archaeologists discovered the ruins of Tang Ming in the Wu Zetian period near Zhongzhou Road and Dingding Road in Luoyang. In 2007, Luoyang started the excavation of Luoyang City site in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

From June 5438+February to July 20 10, 2008, a comprehensive archaeological excavation was carried out, and the shape, layout and evolution of the site were basically clarified.

In 2008, Tang Ming Site was identified by National Cultural Heritage Administration as a key project for the protection of great sites during the 11th Five-Year Plan and the application for the Silk Road.

In 2009, the archaeological excavation, planning and design of Tang Ming site were completed.