How far is the nearest black hole from the earth?

The first black hole photo has been published, and there is no doubt that there are black holes in the universe. The gravity of this celestial body is the most powerful. At the edge of its horizon, even the light of 300,000 kilometers per second can't escape its gravity. It can be said that any celestial body (except black holes) will be shredded and swallowed by it, that is, stars with mass and volume larger than some black holes will be shredded and swallowed by it. If it is close to our earth, there is no doubt that the earth will be swallowed up by it.

The mass of the black hole in the center of m87 galaxy is as high as 6.5 billion times that of the sun, but it is 55 million light years away from us, so there is no need to worry about its influence on our earth.

Our solar system is located in the Milky Way, and there is also a huge black hole in the center of the Milky Way. It is Sagittarius A, its mass is about 43 1000 times that of the sun, but it is 26,000 light years away from our earth, so there is no need to worry about its adverse effects on our earth.

The nearest known black hole is A0620-00, a unicorn constellation located 3400 light years away. It is a star-level black hole with a mass about 10 times that of the sun. It is so far away that we don't have to worry about its influence on our solar system at all.

So our earth must not be affected by black holes? Although the possibility that the earth is affected by black holes is extremely small, it cannot be said that it does not exist, because black holes themselves are invisible. If there are no celestial bodies around it for it to absorb, then we can't see it. Even if such black holes come to our solar system, we can't see them. Scientists believe that there are at least 654.38 billion black holes in our galaxy, most of which belong to stellar black holes, but we can't find them because there are no other celestial bodies around.

If such a black hole comes to our solar system or near the earth, it is undoubtedly extremely dangerous. For example, a star-level black hole is not large, usually only 10- 100 km in diameter, most of which are around 10 km, while the diameter of our earth is 12756 km, which is much larger than such a black hole, but the mass of such a black hole is at least three times that of our sun.

However, this possibility is very slim. Our solar system and the earth have been formed for four or five billion years, and there have been no black holes for such a long time. According to the existing astronomical observation, there is no star change in the space near our solar system, which may indicate that there is no black hole in the space near our solar system, and we can rest easy on the earth.

In theory, the earth can be swallowed up by black holes, and even everything in the universe will be swallowed up by the growing black holes. There are countless black holes in the universe. Black holes are very massive and once controlled and dominated the universe. So the earth can't escape this fate. The earliest black holes were formed about 1 100 million years after the Big Bang. It is located in the MS0735 cluster 2.6 billion light years away from our earth. This black hole is so huge that its gravitational range is comparable to that of the Milky Way. When the black hole devours the cluster, it also ejects some hot gas back into the universe in the form of a jet, forming two huge caves, each with a diameter of about 650,000 light years, twice that of our Milky Way. The mass of gas ejected from the black hole again is equivalent to 1 trillion solar masses, and this ejection has been going on for 1 billion years. Theoretically, we are getting closer and closer to the black hole every day.

The nearest black hole to the Earth is in the center of the Milky Way, namely Sagittarius a*, which is probably the nearest overweight black hole with a mass of 4.3 million suns, but it takes 1 0,000 years for Sagittarius a* black hole to swallow up the mass of a sun. The diameter of this super black hole is 48 million kilometers, which is unremarkable compared with the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy of 654.38+billion light years, and it is 26,000 light years away from the earth, so the threat to the earth is still relatively small.

Black holes are the ultimate destination of massive stars. Because of its great gravity, nothing, including light, can escape from the black hole, so scientists have not really observed the "black hole", but only indirectly observed it by observing the state of the stars running around it.

After internal hydrogen fusion, massive stars will continue to carry out other nuclear fusion, such as from helium to lithium, from lithium to beryllium, and so on, and finally continue to iron. In this process, the volume of the star gradually expands, forming a super-red giant, and iron elements gather in the star one after another, and no longer release energy. When the inward gravity is greater than the outward radiation pressure, the superred giant collapses. Under the great gravity, when the degeneracy pressure of the electron can't support the gravity generated by its own weight, the electrons outside the nucleus are pressed into the nucleus and combine with protons to form neutrons, forming neutron stars. In the case of larger mass (higher than the Oppenheimer limit, that is, 3.2 times the mass of the sun), the degree of collapse will be more intense, and a large number of heavy elements will be scattered outward, forming a supernova explosion and eventually forming a black hole.

1974, the famous physicist Hawking inferred by using the method of quantum mechanics that the black hole not only absorbs the matter outside the black hole, but also releases the matter in the form of thermal radiation, which was later called Hawking radiation. The matter released by the black hole is thrown out by hypervelocity particles, that is, electromagnetic waves, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the accretion disk. Sometimes a black hole is filled with interstellar dust, making it "look" like a doughnut.

According to scientists' calculations, the number of black holes in the Milky Way may reach more than 1 100 million, and there is a particularly huge black hole in the center of the Milky Way-Centauri A. It is estimated that its mass is about 4 million times that of the sun, but it is far from the earth, reaching 26,000 light years. According to the observations of astronomers, the nearest black hole to the Earth may be Unicorn V6 16, which is a binary star system, in which the mass of the black hole is about 8- 13 times that of the sun, and it is 2800 light years away from the Earth, which is quite safe for the Earth.

In fact, only the matter in the horizon of the black hole can be sucked in, so even if the sun collapses into a black hole (the sun can only evolve into a red giant), it will not affect the earth's orbit.

Black holes are closely connected with the earth. One side of the earth is sunlight, and the other side is a black hole. The sun shines during the day and the ink hole at night. Black holes don't devour the earth. Every planet in the universe is like this.

As far as we know, black holes are very far from the earth and the solar system. Although the gravity of a black hole is extreme, it will not affect the earth and will not devour it because of its long distance.

Take the black hole that has attracted much attention recently as an example. As the first black hole whose outline is directly observed, the supermassive black hole M87* located in the center of the M87 galaxy has a mass as high as 6.5 billion times that of the sun, equivalent to 1.500 times that of the supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy, or 2 1.000 trillion times that of the earth. Although the mass of M87* is amazing, it is 54 million light years away from us, and its gravitational effect on the earth is negligible. It is impossible to affect or devour the earth.

So far, the nearest known black hole is A0620-00 in the constellation Unicorn, which is about 3,500 light years away from the Earth. Unlike the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way, this black hole is just a stellar black hole with a mass less than 7 times that of the sun. Similarly, this black hole is very small, far away from the earth, and will not affect the earth.

Sagittarius A*, located in the galactic center, is the supermassive black hole closest to the Earth. Although its mass is as high as 4.3 million times that of the sun, it is 26,000 light years away from us, and its gravity cannot affect the earth.

The gravity of a black hole is indeed extreme, but the extreme gravity effect will only appear if it is close enough to the black hole. If they are far enough away from black holes, they are just celestial bodies, and there is nothing special about them.

In fact, if the sun is replaced by a black hole with the same mass, the earth will not be swallowed up and will still rotate around the black hole along the same orbit. Only in this case, the earth will fall into darkness without a light source.

Unless a stray black hole breaks into the solar system and flies to the earth, it may cause the earth to be swallowed up by black holes. But this probability is extremely low, because there are not many black holes in the universe and the space is very empty. Because of this, in the past billions of years, the earth will coexist peacefully and never encounter a black hole at close range.

The black hole is the most attractive celestial body in the universe, but the black hole itself needs a star with a mass more than four times that of the sun to form, so our sun and proxima centauri, 4.22 light years away, can't be black holes at the beginning.

The strong gravity of the black hole makes it impossible for light to escape, which is doomed that optical equipment such as Hubble telescope can never see the black hole directly. Now astronomers find that black holes are determined by observing the orbits of stars or detecting the super radio source at the center of galaxies.

The nearest black hole to our earth is Kirin V6 16, which is 2800 light years away. Its mass is 9 to 13 times that of the sun, and a companion star with 0.5 times the mass of the sun orbits the black hole. Astronomers found this black hole because they saw a star moving around an invisible source of gravity.

Compared with the scattered stellar black holes in the universe, super black holes located in the centers of major galaxies are obviously easier to detect. This time, we see the M87 central black hole 55 million light years away, which is 6.5 billion times the mass and 6.8 million times the volume of the sun. It can completely devour all solar system objects, including Pluto's orbit.

At present, no celestial body in our solar system has the opportunity to become a black hole, so the possibility of the earth being swallowed up by a black hole is very small. First of all, the only thing in the solar system capable of producing a black hole is the human particle accelerator, but according to Hawking radiation, this artificial black hole will evaporate at the moment it is produced, and it is too late to devour the earth.

Although as early as 19 15, German astronomer karl schwarzschild got the first exact solution about black holes from the gravitational field equation.

However, many physicists, including Einstein, don't really believe that there is such an extreme celestial body in the universe. This "disbelief" did not disappear until another group of physicists determined the model of star evolution. The limit of Chandrasekhar and the appearance of Oppenheimer limit made people understand the different endings of stars with different masses in the universe, and also made people understand the fact that the sun 65.438+0.5 billion kilometers away can only become a white dwarf.

A black hole is a celestial body that can collapse only when the core mass of a star exceeds 2.44 times that of the sun. If the core mass of a star in its later years is less than this figure, it will collapse into a neutron star or a white dwarf, depending on the core mass of the star.

The first black hole discovered by astronomers is V6 16, which is 2800 light years away. As a binary star system, it has a black hole with 9 to 13 times the mass of the sun and a star with 0.5 times the mass of the sun.

The "kill range" of a black hole is very, very limited. Strictly speaking, only when an object enters the horizon of a black hole will it disappear from the universe. If our sun collapses into a black hole, then other planets in the solar system will not change their orbits and be swallowed up by the black hole, because the diameter of the "solar black hole" is only 6 kilometers, and the perihelion of Mercury, the nearest to the sun, is 46 million kilometers, so it is absolutely impossible to be swallowed up by the black hole.

The nearest black hole is 2800 light years away from the solar system, so it is impossible for the earth to be swallowed up by natural black holes. The black hole that may really threaten the earth may only be a "miniature black hole" that may appear in the future super collider.

There is no answer to this question at present, because humans have not observed the nearest black hole to the earth. A black hole is a very magical celestial body. Unlike stars, black holes are not something you can see if you want to see them. In today's scientific community, we divide black holes into two types. One is a boarding black hole, and the other is a wandering black hole. So how to distinguish these two kinds of black holes?

In fact, there is a supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy. Its mass is four million times that of the sun. Its diameter has reached more than 20 million kilometers. This black hole is the boarding black hole we just mentioned, because it is parasitic in the Milky Way and is constantly maintained by the energy of the Milky Way. It is also a * * * relationship with the Milky Way, because it supports the evolution of the Milky Way. If one day this black hole suddenly disappears, our galaxy will fall apart.

Another kind of black hole is what we call a wandering black hole. We know that unlike boarding black holes, wandering black holes are usually small-mass black holes, especially in binary systems. When two supermassive stars collapse into black holes at the same time, they will be attracted by each other's gravity. In the process of attraction, two black holes will rotate around each other, thus releasing gravitational waves.

However, if the mass and volume of these two black holes are very small. Then it will be difficult for them to merge. Under the action of gravity, one of the black holes will be thrown out quickly. Because space can't slow down, the black hole will keep going out and eventually leave its galaxy and become an interstellar wanderer.

In the same way, the first way we observe black holes today is what we call ray mode. The second is what we call the stellar trajectory. But these two methods are not suitable for observing wandering black holes. Because it is very, very small, it is impossible for all the stars to revolve around it. However, we have no way to observe directly. If one day a black hole like this suddenly arrives near the earth, we won't notice it. If the earth will be swallowed up by a black hole in the future, then this black hole must be a wandering black hole.

Black hole is a very familiar topic, which was first put forward in Einstein's general theory of relativity. It is a celestial body with great gravity.

Because of the strong gravity of the black hole, human beings can't observe it directly, but can only observe it indirectly by observing the objects swallowed up by its gravity. So black holes often only appear in our human science fiction movies, and there are never real photos to prove the shape of black holes. However, the first picture of a black hole has only recently appeared.

Of course, as the first black hole directly observed by human beings, it is bound to attract much attention. It is observed that the black hole is located in the center of a giant elliptical galaxy M87 in Virgo, with a shadow in its core area and a crescent halo around it.

A black hole is a magical existence in the universe. Humans don't know when and how it appeared. What is the secret of a black hole?

Hawking believes that even if the universe dies, black holes will still exist in the universe and will not disappear with the death of the universe. It can be seen that the power of black holes is very powerful and beyond human control. We know that although the mass of a black hole is extremely huge and its volume is very small, the gravitational field it produces is very strong, and any matter that enters the black hole will be swallowed up. Even the light (electromagnetic wave) with the fastest known propagation speed cannot escape and will be swallowed up by the black hole.

At present, the known supermassive black hole M87 has a mass as high as 6.5 billion times that of the sun, or one trillion times that of the earth, but it is 54 million light years away from the earth, and it has almost no gravitational effect on the earth, so it is impossible to affect or devour the earth.

So far, the nearest black hole to the earth is A0620-00 in Kirin constellation, which is also about 3500 light years away from the earth. But this black hole is just a stellar black hole, and it is not too close to the earth, so it will not affect or devour the earth.

Although the gravity of a black hole is extremely extreme, it will only happen if it is close enough. If they are far enough away, they are just a celestial body. According to the research and observation of scientists, the probability that the earth will encounter a black hole for a long time is very small, because the trajectory of our earth is safe now.

A: Because black holes don't emit light and the radiation temperature is close to absolute zero, it is difficult for us to find black holes. Only when the gravity of a black hole affects other stars or nebulae can the existence of a black hole be indirectly detected. At present, humans have found that the nearest black hole to the Earth is Unicorn V6 16, which is 2800 light years away from the Earth, and will not affect the Earth at all.

Star distribution

Astronomy estimates that there are nearly 200 billion stars in the Milky Way, and the age of the Milky Way is 65.438+0.34 billion years. The nuclear fusion reaction inside a massive star (more than 10 times the mass of the sun) is very fast, so the life of a massive star is very short, basically within 1 100 million years, and the life of a medium-mass star like our sun is as high as 1 1 100 million years.

At the same time, massive stars may experience supernova explosions at the end of evolution and then form neutron stars or black holes; In the universe, the distribution of star mass has such a rule, that is, the greater the mass, the less the number of stars, and the mass and number of stars show a pyramid distribution, so most stars will only form white dwarfs at the end of evolution.

Stars around the sun

Astronomical observation data show that:

Within 20 light-years around the sun, there are 83 star systems, including 109 stars and 8 brown dwarfs, most of which are small red dwarfs.

Within 50 light-years around the sun, there are about 1400 star systems, including more than 2,000 stars, of which 130 are visible to the naked eye on the earth (apparent magnitude is higher than 6.5), and most of them are small-mass red dwarfs without large-mass stars; Capella binary system is 42 light-years away from the earth, and one of the stars is 2.5 times the mass of the sun, so it is considered as a bigger star.

Within 250 light-years around the sun, there are about 260,000 stars, including a few massive stars.

Within 2000 light-years around the sun, there are about 80 million stars, and there is a red Supergiant star similar to Betelgeuse (640 light-years away from the earth, with a mass of 12 times that of the sun).

According to this data, the solar system is relatively safe because there are no massive stars at close range. At present, Betelgeuse is the biggest threat. It is predicted that a supernova will erupt in the next few hundred thousand years, but the distance of 640 light years has limited impact on life on earth.

There are no black holes and neutron stars in the parsec of 10.

Astronomers have also explored the surrounding environment of the sun. In 10 parsec (326 light years), there are 533 star systems, most of which are cluster star systems, and there are no traces of neutron stars or black holes.

At present, it is found that the nearest black hole is unicorn V6 16, which is 2800 light years away from the earth, and the nearest neutron star is 14 1256.0+792204, which is 600 light years away from the earth.

How far is the nearest black hole?

According to the theory of stellar evolution, there should be hundreds of millions of black holes in our galaxy. Just because we didn't find it doesn't mean it doesn't exist, especially wandering black holes are hard to find. At present, there is no effective method to detect wandering black holes in astronomy. It may be possible that such a black hole is within hundreds or even dozens of light years near the solar system.