Seeking wine knowledge

Liquor: Liquor refers to a drinkable liquid containing alcohol, with a general alcohol content of 0.5-75.5%.

Water: refers to non-alcoholic beverages (also known as soft drinks).

Commonly used wines in daily life are: white wine, imported wine, wine, yellow wine, medicated wine, beer and so on.

Commonly used beverages: canned, bottled, barreled, bulk juice, etc. And distilled water, mineral water, soda water and so on.

According to its origin, brewing and degree.

According to the origin, it can be divided into: Chinese wine and foreign wine.

According to brewing, it can be divided into distilled wine, brewed wine and soaked wine.

According to the degree, it can be divided into: high alcohol (above 40), moderate alcohol (20 to 40) and low alcohol (below 20).

According to the flavor type, it can be divided into: Maotai-flavor, Luzhou-flavor, Fen-flavor, Rice-flavor and Compound.

Brief introduction of China wine:

Chinese wine, also called grain wine, was invented by China people thousands of years ago. China has been focusing on the brewing of spirits for thousands of years. The classification of Chinese wine is not as fine as that of foreign wine. Strictly speaking, there are only white wine, yellow wine and medicinal liquor in China. Both wine and beer are imported from abroad.

Classification and characteristics of China wines;

alcohol

With agricultural and sideline products such as grains rich in starch as raw materials and distiller's yeast as saccharifying starter, the liquor with high alcohol content is white and transparent, pure in texture and full of mellow flavor. It is not the degree that determines the quality of liquor, but mainly the fragrance, aroma and taste.

Second, yellow rice wine (also known as pressed wine)

A raw juice wine with low alcohol content is made from grain (mainly glutinous rice and soaked rice) through special processing, with the range of 12 ~ 18. The wine tastes mellow, fragrant and harmonious. According to raw materials, brewing methods and flavors, it can be divided into Jiangnan yellow wine (including Shaoguan yellow wine and Huadiao wine), Shandong yellow wine (including old wine, green wine and lanling wine) and Fujian yellow wine (Fujian old wine and heavy wine).

Third, medicinal liquor.

Medicinal liquor is a kind of liquor with medicinal value, which is based on China liquor and brewed with various Chinese herbal medicines. All kinds of medicinal liquor have different alcoholicity because of different wines and materials, and different medicinal materials have different efficacy.

Common medicinal liquor includes acanthopanax senticosus wine, ginseng wine, Schisandra fruit wine, Ganoderma lucidum wine, tiger bone wine, bamboo leaf green wine and so on.

Top ten famous wines in China:

Moutai (Guizhou), Wuliangye (Sichuan), Jiannanchun (Sichuan), Gu Jing Winery (Anhui), LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD (Sichuan),

Dongjiu (Guizhou), Zhuyeqing (Shanxi), Mianyang Daqu (Sichuan), Fenjiu (Shanxi) and Yanghe Daqu (Jiangsu)

Famous wine introduction:

Moutai:

It's Daqu Maotai-flavor type. Maoxiang, with soft and elegant aroma, melancholy but not strong, pure and transparent body, and soft and mellow taste after drinking, is a special style of Moutai. It consists of three characteristics: sauce flavor, kiln bottom flavor and mellow flavor, and each characteristic is composed of many special chemical components. Luzhou-flavor Maotai liquor, including 46-degree, 53-degree, 55-degree sorghum liquor and 38-degree medium liquor, is produced in Maotai Town, renhuai city, Guizhou Province.

Moutai has a long history of nearly 300 years. 19 15 At Panama International Expo, Maotai was rated as the second world famous wine, second only to French brandy, and won the gold medal, enjoying a good reputation at home and abroad.

Moutai has become a famous wine, which has a lot to do with its natural conditions.

Maotai Town is more than 400 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains, with mild climate and abundant rainfall, and it doesn't snow all year round. In summer, it is a natural fermentation place with high temperature and closed surroundings.

Chishui River, which is formed by the confluence of mountain springs, runs down the mountain and flows through Maotai Town. The fresh flavor of Chishui River is an important factor for the good quality of Moutai.

The soil in Maotai Town is orange-red "cinnabar soil", and the bottom of the fermentation tank for brewing Moutai is cinnabar soil, which is beneficial to the reproduction of microorganisms. So Moutai has a special flavor.

The brewing process of Moutai is complex and the operation requirements are extremely strict. It uses high-quality wheat to make koji, and selected sorghum to make bad. The amount of koji is equivalent to bad raw materials, and the brewing is seasonal. Feeding must be done before and after the Double Ninth Festival every year. It's called "Chongyang Xiasha". It takes about ten months from feeding to baking wine. From the first roasting, some raw sand (raw grain) is added to the liquor, and this is repeated eight times, which is called eight drops and eight distillations. Each fermentation takes about one month. The quality of the wine obtained from each distillation is different and should be treated separately. For example, the wine distilled for the first time should be fermented in the wine cellar. After each distillation, the wine is stored separately. Three years later, it was blended. Blending, storing for one year, and bottling. Blending is also a must. To blend a batch of qualified wines with good color, aroma and taste, at least 30 or 40 kinds should be used, and more than 70 or 80 kinds should be used for single-type wines. Blenders use wines with different production rounds, different storage years and different alcohol concentrations to make the main aroma of wine more prominent.

Wuliangye:

It is a kind of Luzhou-flavor Daqu, and its fragrance is a unique and wonderful product in wine. It smells good when you open the bottle, but it tastes full of fragrance. The four banquet rooms are all fragrant, and the fragrance after drinking is endless, and the whole room is fragrant. Liquor is clear and transparent. Although it is more than 50% alcohol, it has no strong irritation when it touches the lips. It only feels soft and sweet, mellow and refreshing, just right, and has a comprehensive taste, which is remarkable in style among similar wines. Don't get angry, but don't get drunk. Leave the fragrance in the pot and drink it freely. Wuliangye has a high alcohol content of 52 degrees and a moderate alcohol content of 38 degrees. The wine is mainly brewed from red sorghum, glutinous rice, rice and wheat, and is named after it. Produced in Wuliangye Winery, Yibin City, Sichuan Province.

Jian Nanchun:

It's Daqu fragrance type. The wine is colorless, transparent, rich in aroma, sweet and refreshing, with a long aftertaste, and has a unique flavor of Qu liquor. The characteristics of Jiannanchun are fragrant, mellow and sweet. Generally, there are 52-degree liquor and 38-degree liquor.

As early as the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it was called Mianzhu Daqu, later renamed Jiannanchun, and was produced in Jiannanchun Winery in Sichuan Province.

Gu Jing tribute:

This is Luzhou-flavor Daqu. The wine is crystal clear, pure and fragrant. Pour it into a cup and hang it thick in the cup. Full-bodied, full-bodied and lasting in style. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was chosen as a tribute of the royal dynasty, hence the name Gu Jing Winery. There is an ancient well spring in Hao County, Anhui Province, which is clear and sweet. This spring water has been used to brew Gujinggong Cup for more than 1000 years. Origin: Gu Jing Winery.

Dongjiu:

It is a kind of compound perfume, mainly using impregnated grain as raw material. The liquid crystal of wine is bright, rich and fragrant. Sweet and refreshing when drinking, full of fragrance, sweet aftertaste after drinking. Named after its unique fragrance and place of origin, Donggong Temple. Origin: Dong Distillery, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province.

The craft of Dongjiu is very unique. It uses Xiaoqu liquor to steam Daqu liquor, which makes Dongjiu not only have the rich aroma of Daqu liquor, but also have the soft, mellow and sweet characteristics of Xiaoqu liquor, which is unique among the liquor flavor types in China. The fermentation of cellar Dong wine is re-fermentation with distiller's grains. The fermentation time is long, the acidity is high, the fragrance at the bottom of the cellar is lasting, and the aftertaste is slightly sour and refreshing. From the perspective of raw materials, Daqu and Xiaoqu are mixed with a wide variety of precious Chinese herbal medicines, and the wine tastes slightly refreshing and fragrant. All these factors make the aroma of Dongjiu between crisp and rich, so some people call it duality, uniqueness and uniqueness.

Foreign wine: (foreign wine)

According to the characteristics of foreign wine, it can be divided into six categories: spirits, distilled wine, mixed wine, beer, ale and homemade wine.

Spirits and alcohol

Whiskey (whisky)

The word "whisky" comes from the Irish dialect, which means "water of life". Whisky takes grain as the main raw material and barley malt as the main ingredient.

Saccharification starter is made by liquid fermentation and distillation of the original wine and storage in oak barrels for several years (the storage period of ordinary products is about 3 years, and the storage period of excellent products is more than 7 years). When drinking, some people like to add soda water, or they can mix it with lemonade and soda water. Generally, wine is poured in a classical glass, and filled with 1/3 cups.

brandy

Brandy is a world-famous wine, which originated in Holland. It is brewed from the original juice of fermented fruit, and the alcohol content during distillation should not exceed 85%.

Generally speaking, to reach maturity, brandy must be stored in oak barrels for more than 2 years. The longer the brandy is stored, the better the quality. Generally, there are five-pointed stars to indicate the degree of maturity, and each star represents five years. Nowadays, the French "Louis XIII remy martin", known as the king of foreign wine, is the most famous brandy.

Vodka (vodka)

Also known as Odek, it first appeared in Russia, and its name comes from Russian "Voda".

The representative spirits in Russia are

The extension of "water" in Russian. It mainly uses potatoes and corn as raw materials, and after 8 hours of distillation and filtration, the liquor of the original wine is fully contacted with synthetic carbon. Liquor is colorless and transparent, with pure taste and alcohol content of 34-40 degrees.

Jin Jiu gin

Also known as pine nut wine, it originated in the Netherlands and is one of the internationally famous distilled spirits. Its name evolved from Dutch, which means "sabina". It is a cereal wine made of malt and rye, which is distilled by fermentation for three times. There are two kinds of Dutch malt gin and British and American dry gin.

rum

It uses waste molasses in sugarcane juice or by-products after sugar production as raw materials, and makes edible alcohol through fermentation and distillation, and then it is aged in oak barrels.

Finally, add the spices. Its liquor is transparent, light yellow, has a unique flavor, has a stimulating feeling at the entrance, and the alcohol content is about 40 degrees, which is divided into sweet and not sweet.

Tejila (Tejila)

Fermented agave juice and prickly cactus are squeezed into juice and distilled.

champagne

It is a sparkling white wine, produced in Champagne province in French history. According to Wei at the end of 17, it was taught on Mount lemieux in Champaign Province.

The monks in the hall invented champagne and named it after a place name. Later, it was gradually sold all over the world and became a world famous wine. Champagne contains alcohol 12- 13, which can be divided into four types: extremely dry, dry, semi-sweet and extremely sweet.

Two. Liqueur and mixed wine

Liqueur: It smells delicious and tastes sweet. There are generally absinthe, port wine and sherry, all of which are mixed into cocktails.

Blended liquor: in a broad sense, it is the most consumed liquor in the world, mainly including red wine, white liquor and champagne, and the general alcohol content is between 1 1 degree and 18 degree.

Three. Beer and malt liquor

Beer is a low-alcohol wine made from barley or other miscellaneous wheat and paste, which is fermented and added with hops. Generally, the alcohol content is between 1 1 and 8 degrees.

Beer consists of water, alcohol, carbohydrates, protein, carbon dioxide and minerals, among which carbohydrates can provide energy and protein, assimilate food and carbon dioxide, make people cool and comfortable, and beer can play an appetizing role. Distinguish the quality of beer mainly depends on whether its foam holding capacity is significant. High-quality beer has many bubbles, white, thin and dense, and judge the quality according to the indicators such as color and aroma.

Year mark of foreign wine:

Samsung: It means three years of brewing.

Five-star: it means storage for five years.

Vsop: It means it has been aged for more than five years and less than ten years.

Vo: It means it has been brewing for more than ten years.

XO: It means more than 20 years old and less than 60 years old.

Extra old: indicates that the brewing time is over 60 years.

So: Pale is light, very, supervised, old and very old.

Pour alcohol:

Liquor: Pour 9% full red wine: 1/3 cups full yellow wine: 9% full beverage: 8% full beer: 8% full tea: 6 to 8% full water.