The vegetation was shaken and exposed to frost.

There is only one poem in front: the autumn wind is bleak and it is freezing. The meaning of this poem is: vegetation withers and dew condenses into frost. From Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing.

Two songs by Yan Geling

[Author] Cao Pi

The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation is shaken and exposed to frost.

The group of Yan resigned to solitary south lane, thinking about gentlemen and guests.

Xi is homesick, so you gave it to the other person to stay for a long time.

I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes.

Short songs cannot be long.

The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west.

Cowherd and Weaver Girl look at each other from afar, and you are alone in the river beam.

This is the first of two songs written by Cao Pi. Ge Yanxing is a Yuefu theme, which belongs to the category of Pingdiao of Xianghe Song. It is similar to Xing He Xing, which reflects the life in their respective regions and has their own musical characteristics. Yan (Yān) was the name of the vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty and even in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and its jurisdiction was about Beijing, northern Hebei and southwestern Liaoning. This is the border area between the Han nationality and the northern minorities. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, wars have frequently occurred. Therefore, the rulers of past dynasties have sent heavy troops to guard here. Of course, there are various services such as building a city and transferring traffic. Judging from the recent facts, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan took place in the northern part of this ancient Yan country, which is now Xingcheng, Liaoning. As early as the Qin dynasty, there were works reflecting the sufferings of the war corvee in this area, "Be cautious when giving birth to men, and breast-feed women." The folk song "Don't look at the Great Wall, bones support each other" was even more famous in the Han Dynasty "Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave". Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the inheritance and development of this kind of literary works in ideological content. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems quoted Yuefu to solve problems and said: "Wei Wendi's two poems Autumn Wind and Another Day have changed in time sequence, and women have nothing to complain about." He also quoted Yuefu Guangti as saying: "Yan, the place name is also. It is said that there is a good man serving in Yan, which is also for this reason. " It is correct to understand the content of the work in this way. There are no ancient words in Ge Yanxing, and this tune may have originated from Cao Pi. This work reflects the historical phenomenon of 400 years since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also the social reality of his recent Jian 'an period, showing the author's concern and sympathy for the sufferings of the lower classes.

"The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is like frost, and the geese go south." The first three sentences are about a chilling scene in late autumn, preparing for the heroine's appearance. The image here is visual, auditory and sensory, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and decline. This scene is consistent with the inner feelings of the upcoming heroine. Although these three sentences are just scenery, there is no positive love, but we already feel that love is full of paper. This method of expressing feelings of parting and nostalgia by describing autumn scenery is a tradition in China. Song Yu's "Nine Debates" says: "Alas, autumn is the spirit! A bleak, withered vegetation, decline. Hey, if you travel far, you will return to the water. " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's Autumn Wind Poetry said: "Autumn wind starts, plants turn yellow, and geese return to the south. Lan Youxiu, Ju Youfang, Huai Jiaren, can't forget it. " From here, we can not only see the continuity of xing and his thoughts and feelings, but also see the direct use of language and vocabulary. But by Cao Pi's works, everything has become something with its own unique ideological outlook and unique artistic style. We'll talk about this later.

"I miss you, your heart is broken, and you are homesick. How can you send it to stay for a long time? " In the chilly autumn night scene described before, our heroine stepped onto the stage: she looked at the distance with sadness, loneliness and deep affection and talked to herself. She said: You have been away from home for so long, I miss you so much. I can also imagine your sad and frustrated yearning for your hometown every day, but what on earth kept you away for so long? Mao (qiānqiān): frustrated. Miss Hometown is a scene in which the heroine imagines that her husband misses his hometown outside. This writing is ingenious and detailed. When a person misses another person, his ideological activities always have specific contents, either recalling the past time together, or looking forward to the joy of meeting in the future, or caring about the other person's life outside, imagining what he is doing now, and so on. This method of highlighting the eagerness and affection of missing people by describing their activities has existed as early as in the Book of Songs, and it is even more wonderful when Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote that "I miss beauty, make up my eyes, miss a few times, and God knows how to go home". The advantage of this writing is that it becomes a layer, which makes people feel more tortuous, detailed and specific. Stay long: stay long. "Why did you get rich after staying for a long time?" There are expectations, doubts and infinite suspense. What is the reason why you can't come back so far? Is it because of the busy construction? Is it because the war is urgent? Is it because you are ill? Hurt? Or ..... that's even more unexpected. You see, the heroine's mind is heavy!

"I'm a concubine, and I'm worried about you, even if I can't forget it. I don't feel tears in my clothes." Qióngqióng: Lonely, lonely, lonely. Dare not: in polite terms, it means no,no. These three sentences describe the heroine's life at home: she lives alone in an empty room, takes private service all day and often tears her clothes. On the one hand, it shows her loneliness and boredom with life; On the other hand, it shows the heroine's infinite loyalty and love for her husband. Although her life is so bleak and lonely, she thinks of nothing but her husband and hopes for his early return.

"With the help of the piano, the strings are clear and short songs cannot be long." Aid: Yin, bring it here. Shang Qing: A new musical tune formed on the basis of folk tunes since the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are only seven strings, but there are four notes. It's called slow palace, slow angle, tight feather and clear business. The Qingshang Festival is extremely short, the sound is extremely subtle, and the clouds can't last long. Short song: tune the class name. Yuefu can be divided into long sentences and short sentences, which are distinguished according to "Quchang" (Yuefu poetry). Probably Long song mostly expresses passionate feelings, and short songs mostly express deep and sad thoughts. On this autumn night, the heroine is very sad. Holding a lyre, she tried to express her inexpressible feelings by playing A Qing Commercial Songs, but all her words were short and plaintive, and she could never sing a soft Long song. "Rites and Music" says: "Musicians will remain the same." The heroine is lonely and sad to the extreme. Even if she wants to play a different tune, how can she play it?

"The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Cowherd and Weaver Girl face each other from a distance, why are they confined to the river beam alone? " The heroine misses people far away sadly. Sometimes she sighs in the breeze, sometimes she sings softly and wanders around, and I don't know how long it will take. The moonlight shone through the curtains on her empty bed. She looked up at the blue sky and saw that the Milky Way had turned to the west. Only then did she know that the night was already deep. "The night is still early" has two meanings here. One is that the night is already deep. When will our heroine get through this bleak long night? The other layer is symbolic, which means that wars and corvees are endless, and the suffering of our heroine's life, like this long night, is still very long and endless! Facing this heavy night sky, looking up at this bitter galaxy and savoring this painful life, what should our heroine do to change her destiny as a weak woman? At this moment, her eyes suddenly fell on the bright stars on both sides of the Milky Way: Ah! Cowherd and Weaver Girl, my poor partner in bad karma, what sin do you have to let people separate you from each other on both sides of the galaxy like this? Morning glory and Weaver Girl are the main stars of Aquila and Lyra respectively. These two stars have long been described by the ancients in China as a persecuted couple who can't reunite. This is a well-known thing. These two words that the heroine said to Penny Weaver, such as anger, resentment and confusion, are not only for the two stars in the sky, but also for herself and millions of men and women who were forced to separate and could not reunite with their destiny. This voice is a strong appeal, a sad accusation and an angry protest. It seemed to resound through the sky at that time, and in the feudal society of nearly two thousand years, its resounding echo could be heard every year, every month and every moment. This pun, memorable, deep and loud ending is very wonderful.

The ideas expressed in the works are not complicated, and the theme is not particularly novel. However, Cao Pi, as an upper-class figure of the ruling class, can care about such a matter involving thousands of families, and he has placed such deep sympathy in his poems, which is commendable. In art, he vividly described the feelings and psychology of the lyric heroine. She is elegant and dignified, fiery and reserved, eager and dignified. The work skillfully combines the lyrical description of the scenery, the narration of the characters and the monologue of the heroine, forming a tragic style. Its rhetoric is gorgeous, and it also uses a lot of things from predecessors, but all this seems to be completely unintentional, without any traces of carving. This is the characteristic of Xing, and it is also a typical characteristic that Cao Pi's poems are different from other poets in Jian 'an. Cao Pi is a politician, but from his works, he often can't see his father Cao's bold spirit of taking the world as his duty, nor can he find his younger brother Cao Zhi's positive and eager thought of serving the country. There, there is always an inexhaustible feeling of bitterness and sadness, and his lyric writing often loves to use a female tone. Therefore, Zhong Xing in the Ming Dynasty said that his poems were "elegant and elegant, but childlike" ("Ancient Poems Return"). In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Ruoming called his poems "like calligraphy, holding the heart, bowing his head and saying nothing, and looking back with no pity" (Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang). Ge Yanxing can be said to be the most representative work of Cao Pi's thought and artistic style. The predecessors spoke highly of these two poems. Wuqi in Qing Dynasty said: "The style is extremely desolate, twelve characters, end to end, but twists and turns in the middle, which is really outstanding." Wang Fuzhi said: "From the feelings, colors and sounds, there is no difference between ancient times and modern times. From the bright moon to the seven solutions, along the way. It is almost a godsend, not a human one. " (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua)