What is in the universe?

The universe refers to matter and time and space.

The mainstream view in modern cosmology holds that the universe originated from a big bang, evolved from a state of extremely high density and temperature in the past, and reached this state through continuous expansion. This view is called the Big Bang Theory or the Singular Big Bang Theory.

We don't know what caused the big explosion. The light of the big bang is still spreading outward. The gas and clouds produced by the explosion danced and spun, gathering into embryonic galaxies.

brief introduction

The universe is the general name of the vast space and all kinds of celestial bodies and dispersed substances existing in it. The origin of the universe is an extremely complicated problem. Modern astronomical observation proves that it is in constant movement and development. For thousands of years, scientists have been exploring when and how the universe was formed. Many scientists believe that the universe was formed by a big bang about 654.38+0.4 billion years ago.

form

See: BIGBANG

The Big Bang is the most influential theory in modern cosmology. Its main point is that the universe once had an evolutionary history from hot to cold. During this period, the universe system kept expanding, which made the density of matter evolve from dense to sparse, just like a huge explosion. At first, there was no space, no time, and for some reason, space began to explode and vibration produced matter. The reaction principle of this big bang is called quantum physics by physicists. The big bang expanded the space, and the space of the universe continued to expand, and the temperature dropped accordingly. Later, all the galaxies, stars, planets and even life in the universe appeared one after another. One of the founders of this theory is Gamov. 1946, Gamov, an American physicist, formally put forward the big bang theory, arguing that the universe was formed by a big bang about1400 million years ago. At the end of last century, the observation of Ia supernovae showed that the universe was expanding at an accelerated pace, because the universe might be mostly composed of dark energy.

According to the latest research, the diameter of the universe is 65.438+056 billion light years, or even more.

The observable age of the universe is about 65.438+0.382 billion years.

compose

net structure

Astronomical observation shows that the huge products of many galaxies in the universe are linked together in a filiform or tendril-like network, just like a chaotic "intergalactic highway". On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2009, astronomers discovered a huge cluster of galaxies in the distant region of the universe, and its huge "cosmic network" composed of many galaxies was scattered in the vast universe. The discovery of giant galaxy clusters will help astronomers understand the potential "skeleton" of the universe. According to the space network of NASA, the basic structure of this cosmic network has been determined. Rodrigo Ibata, an astronomer at the Strasbourg Observatory in France, said: "When you observe the universe with a large telescope, there will be various galaxy networks in front of your eyes, but there are still many unsolved mysteries."

galaxy

According to the serial numbers that can reflect the development of galaxies, galaxies can be divided into five types: elliptical galaxies, lens galaxies, spiral galaxies, rod-spiral galaxies and irregular galaxies.

star

Stars are celestial bodies that are bound together by the plasma of luminous spheres through their own gravity. The nearest star to the earth is the sun. At night, many other stars can be seen with the naked eye on the earth. Because they are far away from the earth, they appear as fixed luminous points in the sky. Historically, the most outstanding stars have been divided into constellations and starry sky, and the brightest stars have been given an appropriate name. Astronomers have compiled a catalogue to identify known stars and provide standardized star names. Most stars are invisible to the naked eye from the earth, including all stars outside our galaxy.

black hole

Black holes are celestial bodies with strong gravity, and even light can't escape. Because the light in a black hole can't escape, people can't directly observe the black hole. But its existence can be indirectly observed or inferred by measuring its effect and influence on the surrounding celestial bodies.

At 9: 00 pm on April 19, Beijing time, many astronomical organizations around the world, including China, released the first "real" photos of human black holes simultaneously. The black hole is located in the center of a huge elliptical galaxy M87 in Virgo, 55 million light years away from the Earth, and its mass is about 6.5 billion times that of the sun. Its core area has a shadow, surrounded by a crescent-shaped halo. This visual evidence "captured" by more than 200 researchers from eight observation points on four continents for more than 10 years is expected to confirm that Einstein's general theory of relativity is still valid under extreme conditions.

The composition of the universe

23% of the universe consists of dark matter with completely unknown origin, and 73% consists of dark energy. The real existence of the universe shows that it must have its own organizational components and basic characteristics. In recent years, domestic scholars have put forward a mathematical expression to reflect the quantity and fundamentality of the universe: the quantity term dimension object base, which describes the key role of the system of things with space … stellar molecular atomic particles … acoustic-thermal-magnetic electric power as the core in the cosmic structure layer, and shows that the system product of the motion of space … stellar molecular atomic particles … acoustic-thermal-magnetic electric power is the basic element for the formation and space-time existence of cosmic matter. ?