Three teaching plans for eighth grade biology published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House.

I collected and sorted out the eighth-grade biology lesson plans published by Jiangsu Education Press, and provided comprehensive information about the eighth-grade biology lesson plans published by Jiangsu Education Press. I hope it works for you!

The first lesson plan for the eighth grade of biology published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House: the first section of the complete set of the first lesson plan for the eighth grade of biology published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House.

Asexual reproduction of living things

(Lesson 65438 +0)

Teaching content: asexual reproduction of organisms; Experiment-Germination and reproduction of yeast. Teaching objectives: knowledge and ability

1, understand the concept of asexual reproduction.

2, training the operation skills of using microscope observation.

3. Describe the ways of biological asexual reproduction and its application in production. 4. Give examples to illustrate the common ways of vegetative propagation. 5. Understand the advantages of vegetative propagation. Emotions, attitudes and values

1. Through the observation of "budding and reproduction of yeast" and the practice of "grafting of plants", we can understand the idea of "practice makes true knowledge" and cultivate a rigorous, realistic and meticulous scientific attitude and materialistic world outlook.

2. Observe the microscope, make temporary slides, improve scientific skills and cultivate scientific literacy. Teaching focus:

For example, 1 talks about the way of biological asexual reproduction and the way of yeast budding reproduction. Teaching difficulties

1, principle of asexual reproduction 2, yeast culture.

Teacher preparation:

1. Prepare some photos of grafted plants before class for students to observe in class. 2. Related courseware.

3. Equipment used in the internship. Students prepare:

1. Prepare relevant materials for experiments and internships.

2. Try grafting before class, and then take the grafted plants and animals to the classroom to prepare for communication. Teaching steps:

First, it leads to the reproduction and development of organisms.

1, Scenario Creation: Students have all learned a poem that says, "If you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10,000 seeds in autumn", you know.

What does this expression mean?

2. Diagnostic problem: This is a phenomenon of biological reproduction and development. In the previous chapter, the students have described it to us.

There are various life forms, biological habits and structural characteristics, but we don't know much about how various creatures reproduce. Can you give some similar examples?

3. Enlightening question: These examples you mentioned all require the combination of sperm and egg cells to give birth to a new generation. that

Yao, is there such a situation that the next generation can be produced without fertilization? We will study this problem in this class.

4. Arrange the experiment: Now I have prepared some equipment for my classmates, including yeast culture solution, beaker and microscope.

Glass slide, gentian violet staining solution, etc. Please read the book first, discuss how to do the experiment, list the experimental steps and study the germination and reproduction of yeast.

Second, observe the germination and reproduction of yeast.

Jiangsu Education Press Eighth Grade Biology Lesson Plan Volume I Part II: Jiangsu Education Press Eighth Grade Biology Lesson Plan Volume I Full Set Section I

Asexual reproduction of living things

(Lesson 65438 +0)

Teaching content: asexual reproduction of organisms; Experiment-Germination and reproduction of yeast. Teaching objectives: knowledge and ability

1, understand the concept of asexual reproduction.

2, training the operation skills of using microscope observation.

3. Describe the ways of biological asexual reproduction and its application in production. 4. Give examples to illustrate the common ways of vegetative propagation. 5. Understand the advantages of vegetative propagation. Emotions, attitudes and values

1. Through the observation of "budding and reproduction of yeast" and the practice of "grafting of plants", we can understand the idea of "practice makes true knowledge" and cultivate a rigorous, realistic and meticulous scientific attitude and materialistic world outlook.

2. Observe the microscope, make temporary slides, improve scientific skills and cultivate scientific literacy. Teaching focus:

For example, 1 talks about the way of biological asexual reproduction and the way of yeast budding reproduction. Teaching difficulties

1, principle of asexual reproduction 2, yeast culture.

Teacher preparation:

1. Prepare some photos of grafted plants before class for students to observe in class. 2. Related courseware.

3. Equipment used in the internship. Students prepare:

1. Prepare relevant materials for experiments and internships.

2. Try grafting before class, and then take the grafted plants and animals to the classroom to prepare for communication. Teaching steps:

First, it leads to the reproduction and development of organisms.

1, Scenario Creation: Students have all learned a poem that says, "If you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10,000 seeds in autumn", you know.

What does this expression mean?

2. Diagnostic problem: This is a phenomenon of biological reproduction and development. In the previous chapter, the students have described it to us.

There are various life forms, biological habits and structural characteristics, but we don't know much about how various creatures reproduce. Can you give some similar examples?

3. Enlightening question: These examples you mentioned all require the combination of sperm and egg cells to give birth to a new generation. that

Yao, is there such a situation that the next generation can be produced without fertilization? We will study this problem in this class.

4. Arrange the experiment: Now I have prepared some equipment for my classmates, including yeast culture solution, beaker and microscope.

Glass slide, gentian violet staining solution, etc. Please read the book first, discuss how to do the experiment, list the experimental steps and study the germination and reproduction of yeast.

Second, observe the germination and reproduction of yeast.

The eighth-grade biology teaching plan of Jiangsu Education Press Part III: The eighth-grade biology teaching plan of Jiangsu Education Press is injected into the measuring cylinder and shaken a few times.

3. Let stand and observe (why do you want to add sodium citrate? Sodium citrate is an anticoagulant, which can prevent blood coagulation after being added. ) observation: 1. Is the blood stratified? How many floors? 2. What color is each floor? What is the approximate proportion?

Bright liquid accounts for about 55% of the total blood volume, and the lower part is dark red and opaque, accounting for about 45% of the total blood volume. There is a thin layer of substance between them, which is white.

Experiment 2: Observe the permanent smear of human blood under microscope.

Method steps:

1. Observe the permanent smear of human blood with a low-power lens and find the object image.

2. Turn the converter and aim the high-power objective at the light-transmitting hole.

3. Adjust the focal length with the fine-tuning focus screw until the objective lens is clear.

Observe and think:

1. How many kinds of cells do you see? (Move the film to find)

2. What kind of cells are the most common? What shape is it? What color?

3. What is the largest cell? Is there a nucleus?

4. What is the smallest?

Feedback observation:

Students answer the experimental phenomenon: three kinds of blood cells in blood smear: red cells: the most abundant, red, round cake-shaped, without nucleus; White blood cells: the largest, nucleated; Platelet: the smallest, with no nucleus.

Summary: By observing the composition of blood and blood smear, we can know that blood is composed of light yellow liquid called plasma and three parts with cell structure-blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) (blackboard writing).

2. Functions of three blood cells

(1) Explore the function of red blood cells;

① Introduce the reason why red blood cells are red: There is a red iron protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin, so red blood cells are red.

② What are the characteristics of hemoglobin? What function does red blood cell have?

Observe the demonstration experiment and summarize the characteristics of hemoglobin.

Demonstration experiment: Take the blood with anticoagulant in the test tube, after the blood cells are precipitated, pour off the upper plasma and some blood cells, and observe that the residual red cells in the test tube are dark red. Then put the test tube obliquely, and let the students observe it after ten minutes: Observation content: Are the red blood cells on the inclined plane the same as those at the bottom of the test tube?

Thinking: What are the characteristics of hemoglobin? Students report the observation results: the red blood cells on the inclined plane are bright red, and the red blood cells at the bottom of the test tube are dark red. )

Analysis of experimental phenomena: This phenomenon shows that the conditions of combining or separating hemoglobin with oxygen are related to the amount of oxygen. The red blood cells on the inclined plane are exposed to the air, and there is more oxygen around them, that is, hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form bright red oxygenated hemoglobin, while the red blood cells at the bottom are less exposed to the air, and hemoglobin is still dark red without combining with oxygen.

The characteristics of hemoglobin are summarized as follows: it is easy to combine with oxygen where the oxygen concentration is low, and it is easy to separate from oxygen where the oxygen concentration is high.

According to the characteristics of hemoglobin, what functions do red blood cells have? Health: the function of transporting oxygen. )

The teacher pointed out that red blood cells not only transport oxygen, but also transport some carbon dioxide.

(2) Explore the function of white blood cells

When a part of the body is infected by bacteria, how do white blood cells reach the infected part? What is the composition of pus that flows out when the wound is suppurated? (Student's answer: White blood cells can do deformation movement, cross the blood vessel wall, reach the infection site, and devour germs. The pus from the wound is bacteria and dead white blood cells. (

Summarize the role of white blood cells: phagocytosis of germs has a defensive and protective effect on the human body.

It is pointed out that white blood cell count is an important item in clinical examination. Because when the human body is infected by germs, the total number of white blood cells in the blood will be higher than normal, and a large number of white blood cells will also gather at the infected place.

(3) the function of platelets

Life phenomenon: if you cut your skin carelessly, you will bleed, and it will stop bleeding naturally soon.

Question: Why does the skin stop bleeding naturally after bleeding? When a blood vessel is injured and bleeds, platelets will gather at the bleeding wound, and through the friction of the rough surface of the wound, that is, rupture, a substance-lectin will be released, which will turn fibrinogen into fibrin. Fibrinogen is soluble, while fibrin is insoluble, which can be interwoven into a net to intercept blood cells and form blood clots and solidify. Clear liquid left behind by blood clots.

The body is serum. )

From this, students can draw a conclusion about the function of platelets. Conclusion: Platelets can stop bleeding and promote blood coagulation. The teacher said: because platelets can not only stop bleeding, but also coagulate blood, normal people will stop bleeding naturally soon after cutting their skin. However, there is a genetic disease called hemophilia. The patient's platelets are difficult to rupture and cannot release lectin, a substance that promotes blood coagulation. Therefore, the blood vessels were badly injured and could not stop bleeding and died.

In daily life, we often hear that someone is a little anemic. How is anemia?

It is pointed out that the number of red blood cells in blood is too small (normal range: 5 million per cubic millimeter for men and 4.2 million per cubic millimeter for women) or the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is too small (normal range: male12-15 g/100 ml, female10.5-/kloc-)

Anemia patients often show symptoms such as listlessness, fatigue, dizziness and pallor. Because their ability to transport oxygen in the blood is low, it affects the normal physiological activities of various organs in the body. It's time to see a doctor. Generally, anemia patients should eat more foods rich in protein and iron.

4. Blood volume and blood transfusion

It can be seen that blood plays a very important role in the human body, so how much blood does the human body have? What should I do if I accidentally lose too much blood?

(1) blood volume

Question: Do you know how much blood you have in your body?

An adult's blood volume is about 7-8% of his body weight. (Blackboard) So, please calculate how much blood a 60 kg person has? What's the average? (Student's calculation answer: 4.2~4.8 kg, with an average of 4.5 kg). (The teacher held up three bottles of red ink in three 1.5 liter coke bottles and said: There is so much blood. )

Only when the blood volume in the human body is relatively stable can the normal physiological activities of the human body be guaranteed. If a healthy adult loses more than 30% blood at a time, his life will be in danger. Ask the students to calculate how many milliliters is 30% of the blood in the body? )

It is found that if a person's blood loss at a time does not exceed 10% of the blood volume in the body, (ask the students to calculate about how many milliliters? 400 ml), the lost plasma components and blood cells can be replenished in a certain period of time and returned to normal. Generally, water loss and inorganic salts can return to normal within 2 hours, plasma protein concentration returns to normal within about one day, and red blood cells return to normal within one month. Therefore, a healthy adult's blood loss at a time does not exceed 10% of the blood volume in the body, which will not affect his health.

Q: Do you know the amount of unpaid blood donation in China? (200ml)

Donating 200ml of blood at a time is harmless to people, but it is life-saving for those who are seriously ill and in urgent need of blood transfusion. Therefore, every healthy citizen should actively participate in voluntary blood donation. (Blood donation conditions: Blood donors must be healthy adults with no history of infectious diseases or chronic diseases. )

However, students are currently in the stage of growth and development, and they do not advocate voluntary blood donation. When you reach the age of 18, you should actively sign up for every blood donation.

(2), blood transfusion (blackboard writing)

When a person's life is endangered by a large amount of blood loss, he must be rescued by blood transfusion, so that the patient can replenish blood. However, before blood transfusion, it is necessary to check whether the blood types of blood donors and recipients match.

In the process of blood transfusion, if the blood types of blood donors and recipients are incompatible, red blood cells will aggregate after blood transfusion, which will hinder blood circulation and bring serious consequences and even death to the recipients. Therefore, the principle of blood transfusion is to transfuse the same type of blood. (blackboard writing) l There are other blood group systems besides ABO blood group. Therefore, the safe method is to carry out cross matching experiment before blood transfusion, that is, whether there is coagulation between the blood of the recipient and the blood of the donor.

Third, the class summary:

Through the study of this section, students have mastered the composition and function of blood, and at the same time have a profound understanding of the significance of blood transfusion.

Fourth, the blackboard design:

blood