Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji Constellation _ Who is Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji?

Brief introduction of Huang taiji of Qing Taizong

Huang taiji (Huang taiji,1592165438+1application on October 28th-1643 September 2nd1), the eighth son of Ai Xinjue Luo Nuerhachi, Manchu, Qing Taizong. During his reign, he developed production, strengthened his troops and constantly fought against the Ming Dynasty. 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, the first year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty), Huang Taiji changed the title of Nuzhen to Manchu, proclaimed himself emperor in Shenyang, and founded the Qing Dynasty. It laid a solid foundation for the rapid expansion of the Qing Dynasty into the Central Plains in the next stage. Temple name Taizong, posthumous title Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwenren Shengrui Xiaomin Longdao Wendi.

Early experience

Huang taiji was born on 1592,165438+128 October (October 25th, 20th year of Wanli reign of Ming Dynasty), the eighth son of Nurhachi, whose mother is Ye Henala, named Meng Guzhe, and the younger sister of Ye Hebeibuzhai and Nalinbulu.

1603 (thirty-one year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty) In autumn, Meng Guzhe was ill and wanted to see her family. Nurhachi sent someone to inform her about it, but Narinbulu didn't agree. In September of the same year, Meng Guzhe died at the age of Huang Taiji 12. When Meng Gu was alive, his time in Fujin was short and he made great progress. After Huang taiji became a great Khan, he respected Meng Guzhe as the filial piety queen.

Huang taiji has been hunting and fighting with his father and brother since he was a teenager, and he is skilled in riding and shooting. 16 12 (forty years of Wanli), from his father to Nuzhen Wulabu and Liu Kecheng in Haixi.

16 16 (the first year granted by the late Jin Dynasty), Nurhachi established a "Daikin" country (known as the late Jin Dynasty), called Khan, and appointed his second son Dai Shan as the big Baylor, his nephew A Min as the second Baylor, his fifth son Mungtai as the third Baylor, and his eighth son Huang Taiji as the fourth Baylor for short.

16 18 (three years of destiny), followed his father to attack Ming, and made plans to capture Fushun (now Liaoning). The following year, in the battle of Salhu, he led the troops to break the Juniper Department of Mingjun West Road, Malin Department of North Road and Liu Department of Daishan East Road. Soon, with his father, he captured Kaiyuan and Tieling in Ming Dynasty and destroyed Yehe Department.

1625 (Ten Years of Destiny), Abatai and his brothers led five thousand fine riders to help Horqin, forcing the Mongolian leader of Chahar, Ligedan Khan, to flee.

1626 (the eleventh year of destiny) On August 11th of the lunar calendar, Nurhachi died of illness. Princess royal Ulanala and two ordinary princesses were buried. Dai Shan and his sons Yue Tuo and Sahalian are the heirs of Huang Taiji. Daishan's eldest son, Baylor Yue Tuo, and his third son, Baylor Sahelian, told Baylor ministers why they supported Huang Taiji: "Only virtue can win the world." . Due to the support of eldest brother Daishan, please be the heir to all Baylor's words. Huang taiji's words are repetitive, and time is a promise. He is known as the Great Khan. On the first day of the ninth lunar month, Huang Taiji sweated in the main hall and burned incense to the sky, announcing the following year as the first year of Tiancong.

ascend the throne

After Huang taiji succeeded to the throne, he followed the historical development trend and promoted the feudal process of the post-Jin regime. He sent people to measure the land, turned over the "houses everywhere" to the public and distributed them to the people for farming. The nobles of the flag owners were not allowed to set up farms again. The original 65,438+03 able-bodied men became a village instead of every 8 able-bodied men. "The remaining * * * was separated from each other and became a civilian family." He also ordered the editors to be able-bodied men and liberated some handmaiden as editors. These measures restricted the privileges of Manchu aristocrats to a certain extent, which was beneficial to the development of agricultural production. He studied hard the culture of the Han nationality and ordered Confucian scholars to translate China's books.

1632 (the sixth year of Tiancong), the first month of the lunar calendar, abolished the old system of "sitting with Nansan Baylor" and changed the old system of "sitting alone in the south", highlighting Khan's exclusive position. Then look for opportunities to eliminate differences, eradicate the three Baylor forces that threaten Khan's status and consolidate Khan's rights. Imitating the Ming system, there are three courts and six departments in the imperial palace, "only Wang Belle leads the hospital affairs" and is in charge of government affairs. In addition, Ducha Hospital and Lifan Hospital have been established, and a relatively complete set of state institutions has been established. Centralization and strengthening autocratic rule.

In order to expand the army, the Eight Banners of the Han Army and the Eight Banners of Mongolia were established. Ordered people to increase points on the basis of the old Manchu and transform the old Manchu into a new Manchu. In order to contact Mongolia and * * *, vigorously foster and promote Lamaism.

He is determined to follow in his father's footsteps, enter the Central Plains and replace the Ming Dynasty. After the accession to the throne, when the country was not solid, on the one hand, it adopted the strategy of making peace with the Ming court, and at the same time entered the customs for many times, plundering a large number of people, livestock and wealth in the Han Dynasty.

In order to relieve his worries, he sent troops to Korea twice to unify Mongolia and Heilongjiang river basins. After consolidating the internal rule and basically eliminating the threats from North Korea and Inner Mongolia, he became emperor in May of the lunar calendar 1636 (the tenth year of Tiancong), and changed his name to "Chongde" and "Manchuria". Later, the main force was used in the war against Ming Dynasty. [6]

1640 (the fifth year of Chongde) In July, he went to the battle of Jinsong in spite of illness, commanded the Qing army to win Jin Song, captured Hong Chengchou alive, and annihilated more than 50,000 people of the Ming army. After the Qing army surrendered to Songshan and Jinzhou, it occupied all the towns in the Ming Dynasty except Ningyuan.

1642 (the seventh year of Chongde), once again sent troops to enter the customs, even breaking more than 80 cities in Shandong.

stop

1643 (the eighth year of Chongde) died suddenly in Shengjing harem on the ninth day of the eighth lunar month at the age of 52. He died in Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Xiaowen Emperor, and later died in Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwen Xiaomin Longdao Emperor, whose temple number was Taizong. Bury Zhaoling (Beiling) in Shenyang.

The mystery of death

There are many controversies about the cause of death of Huang Taiji in history. It is recorded in the official books of the Qing Dynasty that "he died without illness": On the ninth day of September in the eighth year of the lunar calendar (A.D. 1643), Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty died suddenly at Nankang in Qingning Palace at midnight (2 1: 00 to 23: 00). However, according to historical records, in the fifth year of Chongde, Huang Taiji "bowed his head and resisted peace", and Chongde went to Anshan Hot Spring for recuperation in May and July of the lunar calendar. On the eve of Songshan War in Chongde for six years, the front was in a hurry. Huang taiji was scheduled to make a personal expedition on August 11, 2006 in Chongde, but he was delayed for three days because of nosebleeds. In the seventh year of worshipping Germany, he pardoned the prisoners outside the gate of the Qing army because of "the bow of God broke peace". Chongde for eight years, "violating the sacred bow." Not only did he avoid the celebration ceremony on the first day of the first month, but he also gave another amnesty, prayed at the temple and offered platinum. Huang taiji was diligent in political affairs all his life, and he was hands-on, which led to overwork. In addition, Chen Fei's death made him heartbroken, causing a latent serious illness and sudden death, which aroused many doubts.

Interesting things in unofficial history

According to unofficial history's records, on the sixth day of September in the ninth year of Tiancong, Hongxing Erke Congo, the son of Chahar Ridan Khan, led the people to join Huang Taiji and presented the imperial seal handed down from generation to generation. To this end, Huang Taiji specially led Baylor to meet Nangang outside Shengjing, and set up an incense table to worship heaven. This jade seal came from the Han Dynasty and later spread to the Yuan Dynasty. Until Yuan Shundi was defeated by the Ming emperor Hongwu, he abandoned the capital and fled to the desert with the imperial seal, and died in Yingchang Mansion, so the imperial seal was lost. According to legend, two hundred years later, a shepherd was herding sheep under a mountain. He saw a goat not eating grass for three days, so he kept digging a place with his hoof. The shepherd was surprised, so he dug in that place and found this imperial seal of the Han Dynasty. Later, it was collected by Boshuo Tukehan, a descendant of the Yuan Dynasty. Chahar Lidan Khan defeated Boshuo Tukehan, and the national decree changed hands again. This jade seal was made by [_], engraved with a button of Yi Long, and engraved with the words "making a patent treasure" in the Han Dynasty. What Bian He got at the foot of Jingshan Mountain was not a piece of jade.

Historical evaluation

Cai Dongfan mentioned Huang Taiji in his works: "Emperor Taizong of Manchuria is really an expert. Seeing his voice attacking the West and conquering North Korea, it is his father. "

French scholar René Grousset commented on Huang Taiji: "Huang Taiji is a genius among barbarians. He combined the military talents of his people with his natural understanding of civilized life. "

Jin Yong mentioned Huang Taiji in the Biography of Yuan Chonghuan: "Huang Taiji's resourcefulness and military strategy are really rare figures among emperors in China, and his talents and knowledge are not under Liu Bang, Liu Xiu, Li Shimin and Zhu Yuanzhang. China historians probably didn't give him due high praise because he was the emperor of the Qing Dynasty and because of racial prejudice. In fact, few emperors in China have been able to match him in his knowledge, generosity, foresight and decisive decision-making since Emperor Taizong. Although Huang Taiji's military genius is not as good as his father's, his political talent is even worse. "

When talking about the twelve emperors of the Qing Dynasty, Yan Chongnian commented: "Huang Taiji's life is a life of all-round exploration, and it is more appropriate to describe it as' eagles flying all over the world'. Its strategy includes careful planning and inheriting the sweat position; After four concubines, they won over Mongolia; Jin Song used soldiers and was good at strategy; In addition to Yuan Chonghuan, Huang Taiji's foresight, high strategy and spicy means are amazing. "

Taizong Taiji