"Big Du Li" and "Little Du Li" Du Mu

"Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February." I believe many children have heard these two poems, but do you know who wrote them? These two poems are from the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's Mountain Walk, and they are the last two sentences of the poem Mountain Walk.

Who is Du Mu? He is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and he is also called "Little Du Li" with the poet Li Shangyin. Then, children should know now that "Du Li" is the collective name of Li Bai and Du Fu, and "Little Du Li" is the collective name of Du Mu and Li Shangyin. Speaking of it, Du Mu and Du Fu are both surnamed Du. The children thought, are they relatives?

Don't say, really, Du Mu and Du Fu are still distant relatives. It's just that this distant relationship is so far away that it can be almost ignored. Some children may be curious, so I'll give you an answer here: they don't all happen to be surnamed Du. If we want to go back, it will take more than 500 years from the Tang Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. The children recited the songs of the dynasty. Do you still know which three countries are the Three Kingdoms? Yes, it is Wei, Shu and Wu. Children who are familiar with the story of the Three Kingdoms know that the regime that was finally returned to Jin and finally destroyed was none other than the ancestor of Du Fu and Du Mu. He was a great scholar in the Jin Dynasty and a great star of his generation. His name is Du Yu.

Du Fu's branch is Du Yu's second son, that is, the descendant of his second son Du Dan. Du Mu came from Du Yu's youngest son Du Yin y ǐ n, and this branch point is here. After more than 500 years, you are welcome to say that there is not much blood relationship between them, but in a broad sense, they have the same ancestor, which is a relationship in itself.

Last week, we said that Du Fu was born in 7 12 and died in 770, while Du Mu was born in 803, which means that Du Mu was born 33 years after Du Fu's death, so they never met. However, many of Du Mu's poems are also influenced by Du Fu's poetic style, and we will encounter such things in the future.

In fact, this is not the first time we have talked about Du Mu. This summer, we all recited poems about summer, and also recited Du Mu's poem "Bei Tang Poetry in Qi 'an County". This poem was written by Du Mu in Huangzhou, a very famous city in Huanggang City, Hubei Province today. Many parents in our group must have done Huanggang cheats, and I was tortured by Huanggang cheats at the beginning. This is beside the point.

Today, we are going to learn two poems by Du Mu, namely "A Journey to the Mountain" and "Autumn Night", which are basically related to autumn. The poem "Walking on the Mountain" currently appears in the first volume of Chinese in the third grade of primary school, while the poem "Autumn Night" was once in the textbook of the fourth grade, and now I don't know where it was moved. From 20 19, the textbook was compiled by the national unified use department, and I haven't turned over the Chinese books from grade one to grade three. Watch Hiking first.

As I said just now, the poem "The Story of the Mountain" has been included in the first volume of the third grade Chinese textbook. The children in the third grade will recite the meeting in advance and then listen to the teacher's explanation in class, which can play a role in previewing the new lesson. Let's look at the meaning of this poem. The title "hiking" means walking in the mountains.

The first two sentences of the poem are "Looking at the cold mountain from a distance, the stone path is inclined, and there are people in Bai Yunsheng." Some children will ask questions, teacher. I once chanted: Summer, no thanks, far cold mountain stone path. Yes, I used to teach Xia, but now the Ministry of Education says thank you, so just say thank you. Of course, it is right for me that you study in summer; In the future, I'd better read Xie to your Chinese teacher.

Children must pay attention to the first two sentences, "There are people in Bai Yunsheng because the stone path in the cold mountain is inclined"! The "Cold Mountain" here is not the name of a mountain. Children know that Huangshan, Taishan and Lushan are the names of mountains, and think that "Hanshan" is also the name of the mountain. No, Hanshan refers to the mountains in late autumn. Stone path is a path paved with stones, and the diameter means road. Xie, here refers to the tilt, refers to the winding stone road wān wān qū qū. Bai Yunsheng's birth refers to birth, birth, and Bai Yunsheng, where white clouds formed.

Therefore, we can probably understand the meaning of these two poems by understanding the words "cold mountain, stone path and life". Yes, a winding path winds to the top of the mountain, where there are several families.

Look at the last two sentences, yes, that is, "stop and sit in the maple forest late, the frost leaves are redder than the February flowers." Pay special attention to the word "sit" here, which is usually understood as sitting, sitting, or riding, such as taking a car or a boat. However, children should pay attention to the fact that "sitting" here does not mean sitting down to rest, nor does it mean taking a car or taking a boat, but: because. It is different from our usual understanding, so remember that because the word "Zuo" often appears in ancient Chinese, you will encounter it when you study small ancient prose and classical Chinese in the future, and you can know its meaning in advance. In addition, maple night refers to the maple forest at night.

"Frost leaves are redder than February flowers", and the frost leaves here are leaves that have been hit by frost. The word "bi" in the last poem means that the frosty leaves are redder than the flowers in February, and the frosty maple leaves will be redder than before, which is a sight only in late autumn. There is a famous scenic spot in Beijing called Xiangshan Hongye. No, I've only seen a lot of photos. It's really beautiful. In a month or two, the children can go to the park or the forest to see how beautiful the frosted leaves are. I stopped the carriage because I like the late autumn scenery in Fenglin. Maple leaves are dyed redder by autumn frost than spring flowers in February.

The children closed their eyes and imagined a picture: one day in late autumn, the poet came to the mountains to play in a carriage, and the stone road was winding. In the place where Bai Yunsheng appeared, several families were faintly visible. Soon, the poet stopped the carriage, because he was attracted by the evening scenery of Fenglin and he liked it very much. Frosted maple leaves are particularly red, even redder than flowers in February.

In this poem, the poet Du Mu wrote mountain roads, people, white clouds, red leaves and other scenery according to the time and space order of viewing, and described a moving autumn color map of mountain forests. However, poets don't lament in autumn like ordinary poets. On the contrary, he also praised the beauty of autumn and praised it. Liu Yuxi once said: since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely. I say autumn is better than spring. It also expresses praise for autumn. Since September, we have been learning poems about autumn. Next, we will share this poem by Liu Yuxi with the children.

The title Qiuxi means autumn night, here refers to Qixi, which is the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. It will arrive in a few days. In the first two sentences, "Qiu Guang painted a cold screen with a silver candle and waved a small fan to pounce on fireflies". The silver candle here refers to a delicate silver candle, which children can understand as a white candle. Screen painting: a screen painted with patterns. Screen is a kind of furniture used for indoor wind protection in traditional buildings in China. Later, it gradually played more roles in beautifying the environment, dividing indoor space, preventing wind and decorating. There are many decorative patterns on the screen, which are very beautiful. Most of the earliest screens were placed behind or beside the bed, and gradually developed from fixed to movable. I found a picture on Baidu for children to see.

After listening to the previous explanation, the poem "Qiu Guang painted a cold screen with a silver candle" is easy to understand, which means that the silver candle reflects the cold screen. The last sentence is "light Luo small fan flapping fireflies", light Luo, this is a soft silk fabric. Light Luo Xiao Fan: A lightweight silk round fan. A fan made of silk. Firefly: A flying firefly. The fireflies here are fireflies. This poem means that the maid-in-waiting is playing fireflies with a small silk fan in her hand.

Let's look at the last two sentences: "The day is cold as water, sit and watch the morning glory and Vega." Day steps refer to the stone steps in the open air, sitting and watching the sky. Morning glory Vega: the names of two constellations, referring to Altair and Vega. It also refers to the characters in ancient mythology, Petunia and Weaver Girl. The meaning of these two poems is: the stone steps in the night are as cold as cold water, and you sit still and stare at the cowherd and weaver girl on both sides of the Tianhe River. There is also a version of the last sentence, which is called "lying and watching the morning glory weaving stars". Refer to the new primary school Chinese curriculum standard "300 Tang Poems" and the previous ones, and adopt the version of "Sitting and Watching Morning Glory and Weaving Stars".

Cowherd and Weaver Girl is one of the four ancient folklore in China. According to legend, the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Queen Mother. She is ingenious and can weave colorful clouds and rosy clouds in the sky. Cowherd is an orphan on earth. His family is poor, but he works hard. One day, the Weaver Girl and her sisters came to the earth, bathed and played in the lake. Cowherd's cow suddenly spoke and asked him to steal Weaver's clothes. From then on, the two women became attached, married, and lived a life of farming and weaving. Just like the song in Huangmei Opera "The Fairy Couple": You plow, I weave, and I carry water to water the garden. The couple are very loving and have a boy and a girl.

When the Queen Mother learned of this situation, she was furious and took the Weaver Girl back to the Heavenly Palace. Cowherd and her children catch up with the sky, and she will catch up. The Queen Mother drew a milky way between them with a golden hairpin on her head, which is what we call the Milky Way. Only on the seventh day of July every year are magpies allowed to build a bridge for them to meet. This day is Valentine's Day in China.

After reading the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, let's take a look at the content of this poem written by Du Mu, which is easy to understand. This poem is about the lonely life of a palace maid. The children imagined in their minds that in the autumn night, in the house, candlelight reflected the beautiful and cold screen, and outside, the maid-in-waiting was flapping the flying fireflies with a round fan. It's late at night, and the stone steps at the door are as cold as water. It's time for bed, but the maid-in-waiting is sitting on the stone steps, watching the cowherd and the weaver girl in the sky alone.

We don't know the story of the maid-in-waiting or what happened, but we can feel her loneliness. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl can only meet once a year, which is lonely enough, but the maid-in-waiting is envious, because she is always alone, more lonely than the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.

Qiao Qi (Don Linjie)

See Bixiao tonight on Tanabata, and cross the river bridge with the cowherd and the weaver girl. ?

Every family watches the autumn moon, and every family wears HongLing.

We will arrive at Qixi Festival soon. This year's Tanabata is August 25th, which is next Tuesday. Today we are going to learn a poem related to Qixi. This is "Begging for the Spirit" by the Tang Dynasty poet Lin Jie.

The title "Begging for Cleverness", also known as Begging for Cleverness Festival, is a festival for ancient women. The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is also called China Valentine's Day. The word "night" in the first two lines of the poem "Look at the blue sky on Tanabata tonight, let the cowherd and weaver girl cross the river bridge" means night, and tonight is tonight. This is easy to understand. After every Spring Festival Gala, I sing "I will never forget tonight"; The "small" in the ending refers to the sky, which refers to the endless blue sky. Just now we said this sentence, which means that on this day, the cowherd and weaver girl who crossed the Tianhe River met at the Magpie Bridge. The meaning of these two poems is: Chinese Valentine's Day, people look up at the sky one after another, as if they could see the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl crossing the Milky Way and meeting on the Magpie Bridge.

The last two sentences: "Every family watches the autumn moon, and every family wears HongLing", which describes the activities of Jojo Festival. Let's talk briefly about the activities of the beggar's day with the children. Begging for Qiao Festival was originally a festival for single women. The Altair Vega has existed since ancient times, but the love story of the Altair Vega was born in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, that is, the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the Korean songs recited by children. Begging for wisdom, we can easily understand the literal meaning, that is, girls beg a pair of skillful hands from Weaver Girl. What should they do to get smart? The most common method is to put a needle through the moon. If the line passes through the pinhole, it is called coincidence. So Lin Jie said, wear thousands of HongLing. Every household is praying for good luck while watching the autumn moon, and tens of thousands of red lines pass through.

Of course, "tens of thousands of articles" is an exaggeration, and exaggeration is also a common rhetorical device in our primary schools. Speaking of Li Bai, we say that the most commonly used rhetorical devices in Li Bai's poems are hyperbole, such as "flying down three thousands of feet, suspecting that the Milky Way has set for nine days"; Another example is "Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats, and pieces of them blow down Xuanyuantai"; Another example is "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun" and so on. You don't need to master it now, just know the concept, and you won't be required to master it until the third grade.

At this point, the child should understand this poem, right? Think about this picture: on Tanabata, I looked at the clear night sky outside and imagined that the cowherd and the weaver girl in the sky were crossing the magpie bridge and starting an annual meeting; Girls in every household tie countless red lines to the moon and beg for a pair of skillful hands like weaver girls. Compared with Mutu's Autumn Night, this poem is not lonely and sad, but full of festive joy.

Punch in on August 30th (① ② ③ Choose two songs, and those who have spare capacity can recite three songs).

(1) Hiking (Don Mutu)

As far away as Hanshan, the stone path is oblique, and people are in Bai Yunsheng. ?

Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.

(2) Autumn Night (Don Mutu)

In the autumn night, candlelight reflected the screen, and Fan slapped the fireflies with his hand. ?

Day and night are as cool as water. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.

(3) Qiao Qi (Don Linjie)

See Bixiao tonight on Tanabata, and cross the river bridge with the cowherd and the weaver girl.

Every family watches the autumn moon, and every family wears HongLing.