How to know constellations

The knowledge and images simply obtained from books or horoscopes can't make us really understand the horoscopes. Every constellation must be seen again and again, and only by constant practice can we be familiar with the constellations in the sky. Eighty-eight constellations will appear in the sky in turn within a year, so you can't know the constellations overnight, but you need to observe them frequently all year round to remember them. Many books about constellations can find ways to know constellations, so I won't go into details here. Here are just a few tips that are easily overlooked. I hope they can help you. First, choose a night with moonlight (light damage) Beginners should choose a night where the weather is not the best, because on a clear night with moonlight or with thin clouds, the dark stars will be hidden because of the shading effect of moonlight, and the rest is the brighter main star in the constellation, which is the star that should be recognized first when understanding the constellation. City lights or thin clouds can also achieve the effect of "fewer stars in the middle of the month", but too thick clouds or street lamps will block the starlight too much, which will hinder the learning of star recognition. Although Taipei is recognized as a city with serious light damage, it is the best place for beginners to recognize stars. As long as you are not standing under a mercury lamp, a clear and cloudless night is a good time to identify the stars. 2. We have lived in the northern hemisphere since the northern sky, so the constellations near the North Pole are on the horizon all year round, and we can almost find them after night, so it will be convenient to find other constellations according to the constellations in the northern sky. For example, the Big Dipper (belonging to Ursa Major) can be seen in spring and summer, and Cassiopeia can also be seen in autumn and winter. Knowing these two constellations first, you can easily find other constellations on any night suitable for stargazing, and then know them one by one. . Third, from the perspective of big constellations, big constellations are usually constellations with bright stars, and these bright stars are obvious features and can be used as indicators of constellations. In addition, large constellations usually have fairy tales for reference, which is helpful for shape recognition and memory. So these constellations are not easy to forget after recognition. Small constellations are mostly composed of dark stars, so it is difficult to find and confirm the position and shape, which will cause frustration and burnout of beginners and lose interest in learning. Fourth, determine the position of the planets with reference to the astronomical calendar. Planets are a very annoying celestial body for beginners, because they will keep moving on the celestial sphere, so the constellation diagram will not indicate the position of the planets; However, the brightness of planets is often higher than that of ordinary stars. If there is a planet in a constellation, this planet will often become an obvious celestial body in this constellation, and even become the brightest celestial body in the constellation. This often makes the image of the constellation can not be presented correctly, and it is difficult for novices to identify this constellation. Therefore, it is necessary to consult the astronomical almanac or astronomical almanac first to know whether there are planets in the constellation to be identified, so as to successfully identify this constellation. Finally, I suggest that when you watch the stars for the first time, you can find a friend who knows the constellations to guide you, so that you can enter the beautiful starry world faster. There are countless stars on the celestial sphere. In order to facilitate research and observation, people divide the starry sky into several regions, and each region is a constellation. Just as a province is divided into many counties and cities, each constellation is given the name of a person, animal or artifact in a fairy tale. Western constellations first began in Babylonian times. In Ptolemy in the second century, the whole day was divided into 48 constellations, and then about 40 constellations were added, but the constellations were constantly changing and supplementing. 1930, the international astronomical society announced that the whole day would be divided into 88 constellations and their boundaries, including 28 in the north, 0/2 in the ecliptic/kloc, and 48 in the south. In ancient China, it was divided into stars and astrologers. Among them, the more important ones are Three Walls and Twenty-eight Nights. These three walls mean that the sky around the North Pole and overhead is divided into three areas, namely, Wei Zi Wall, Taiwei Wall and Shi Tian Wall, while the sky around the ecliptic and celestial equator is divided into four elephants. Among the four elephants, each elephant is subdivided into seven areas, collectively called 28 nights. These are the unique names of constellations in China. There are countless bright stars in the night sky. In order to distinguish them, all ancient nationalities named the stars. For example, the stars in the Three Walls and Twenty-eight Nights in ancient China were all named after emperors, officials, figures, utensils, animals and plants, such as the emperor, Jiuqing, Weaver Girl, Guansuo and so on. Snakes, gourds, etc. In the west, Babylonians first named the stars, and later Arabs and Greeks added them one after another. Today, about 200 stars have their own names, such as Sirius and Vega. In the famous star map Uranometra published by Bayer Company in Germany in 1603, the stars are marked according to their brightness in the constellation, which is arranged in the order of 24 letters in Greece, and the name of the constellation to which the stars belong is added after the letters, such as αOrionis. After the Greek letters were used up, Latin letters (A, B, C ... and A, B, C) were used. In view of the fact that there are too many stars in the constellation and there are not enough letters, Flamsteed of the Royal Observatory uses numbers, such as 32Leo. The order of numbers is arranged from east to west of the constellation, so that all stars can have names. At present, the Harvard Observatory divides stars into seven categories according to their spectra. Because the spectrum mainly reflects the temperature of stars, this classification of stars is based on the temperature of stars. According to the temperature from high to low, it is divided into O-type: blue, the surface temperature is more than 25,000 degrees, and the spectral lines of ionized helium and other elements, such as Orion. Type B: blue-white, surface temperature1/kloc-0 to 25000 degrees, strong hydrogen spectrum and obvious neutral helium spectrum, such as Virgo. Type A: white, with a surface temperature of 7500 degrees to 1 1000 degrees. Hydrogen spectrum is very strong, there is no helium line, such as Sirius. Type F: yellow-white, with surface temperature of 6000-7500 degrees, weak hydrogen line and clear calcium line, such as Nanhesan in Little Dog. G-type: yellow, surface temperature 5000-6000 degrees, strong calcium line and other metal elements spectral lines, weak hydrogen line, such as the sun. K-type: orange, the surface temperature is 3500-5000 degrees, and the spectral lines of metal elements are enhanced, such as Mufu arcturus. M-type: red, surface temperature 2000-3500 degrees, titanium oxide molecular band protruding, strong metal line, such as Orion Betelgeuse. In addition, stars with less than 1% are classified into four additional types according to their characteristics: R, N, S and W. The first three are from orange to red, similar to K-type and M-type, and W-type and O-type are at the blue end.