China's achievements in agriculture.

Agricultural Development and Achievements in China

Since the mid-1950s, China's national economy has made a short-term development plan every five years. It can be said that the implementation of every development plan has greatly improved the strength of China's national economy, including agriculture and rural economy. 200 1 year is the first year for China to implement the 10 five-year development plan (the tenth five-year plan).

1, agricultural production continued to grow steadily.

1999, China's grain output was 508 million tons, more than 200 million tons more than 1978, and the production capacity was stable at more than 500 million tons; Become the largest grain producer in the world. Since1978; The output of livestock products and aquatic products is increasing at a rate of more than 10% every year. 1999 produced 59.53 million tons of meat, 20.8 million tons of eggs and 7.9 million tons of milk, which were 5 times, 7 times and 8 times of 1978 respectively. The output of aquatic products is 4 1 10,000 tons, more than 8 times that of 1.978. At present, the per capita output of grain, cotton, oilseeds, meat, eggs and aquatic products in China has reached or exceeded the world average.

2. Township enterprises blossom everywhere.

Since 1978, township enterprises have sprung up suddenly, creating a rural modernization road with China characteristics. 1978- 1999; The proportion of non-agricultural industries in the rural economy rose from 30.5% to 75%. 1999 There are more than 20 million township enterprises with 230 million employees, with an added value of 2.5 trillion yuan, which is more than 0/0 times of1978. The profit was 558 billion yuan, and the tax paid was 654.38+075 billion yuan, which were 63 times and more than 80 times of 654.38+0978 respectively. At present, 1/3 of China's GDP, 1/4 of fiscal revenue, 1/3 of foreign exchange income, 1/2 of industrial added value, 2/3 of rural social added value and 1/3 of farmers' income come from township enterprises.

3. The living standards of farmers have improved significantly.

1978- 1999, the per capita net income of farmers increased from 134 yuan to 22 10 yuan, an increase of 374% after deducting the price factor; The poverty-stricken population has dropped from 250 million to 34 million: the incidence of poverty has dropped from 26% to below 3%; Engel's coefficient in rural areas decreased from 0.68 in 1978 to 0.55. At the same time, remarkable progress has been made in building spiritual civilization, democracy and the legal system. The farmers' ideas have undergone profound changes, and the illiteracy rate of rural labor force has dropped from 80% in the 1950s to around 1999. By the end of 1999, two-thirds of the villages had initially established the system of villagers' self-government, and more than 80% of the villages had established the system of villagers' representative meetings and the system of village affairs and financial disclosure. The election of village committees has formed a relatively systematic norm, and the system of villagers' representative meetings is gradually popularizing. On the whole, the rural areas in China have entered the stage from food and clothing to a well-off society.

4. International cooperation and exchanges in agriculture have developed rapidly.

Since the reform and opening up 20 years ago, foreign investment in China's agriculture has reached more than 654.38 billion US dollars, and a large number of crops, improved varieties of livestock and poultry, seedlings and a large number of agricultural scientific and technological achievements have been introduced. From 1999, the import and export trade volume of agricultural products was $21700 million, 6.5 times that of 1980. The international exchange of agricultural science and technology in China has also developed rapidly. China has conducted agricultural exchanges with more than 80 countries and established close ties with more than 40 countries. At the same time, China has a close relationship with 13 international agricultural research center; Actively carry out bilateral cooperation.

5. The rural economic system reform has achieved remarkable results.

After more than 20 years of development, the rural economic system in China has undergone profound changes in five aspects. First, it broke through the highly centralized people's commune system and implemented household contract management. The second is to break through the single structure with grain as the key link, develop diversified businesses and township enterprises, and fully activate the rural economy. Third, the system of unified purchase and marketing has been broken, and the role of the market in regulating the supply and demand of agricultural products and allocating resources has been significantly enhanced. The fourth is to break through the ownership structure of a single collective economy and form a pattern in which public ownership is the main body and multiple ownership economies develop together. The fifth is to break through the mandatory plan of agricultural production and implement the guiding plan. It has changed the way the government regulates agriculture, and initially formed a macro-control system of rural economy which comprehensively uses economic, legal and administrative means.