Knowledge points of essential common sense in primary school Chinese

1. Comments on China's literary knowledge

The common sense of Chinese-honorific title is 1. For the emperor: long live, your majesty, the son of heaven, the holy driving, your majesty, jun. 2. For the general: under your command. 3. For the other party or the other party's relatives, your father (the other party's father), your mother (the other party's brother) and your son (the other party's son).

Respect (the parents of the other party), respect the public, respect the monarch, respect the government (the father of the other party), respect the family (the relatives of the other party), respect the life (the instructions of the other party) and respect (the meaning of the other party). Xian: Equal or junior. Xianjia (referring to the other party) Xianlang (the other party's son) (the other party's brother) Ren: a friend who is longer than himself among peers.

Call a superior person a benevolent person. 4. Call the old man husband.

After the Tang Dynasty, my father-in-law was called my father-in-law, also known as Mount Tai. The wife and mother are the mother-in-law, also known as Taishui.

5. adding "first" before the title means dead, which is used to address people with high status or older people. Calling for the dead father: the first exam, the first father.

The name is dead mother: virtuous words, virtuous words. The dead and the talented: sages.

The late emperor. 6. Jun pays tribute to his ministers: Qing and Ai Qing.

7. People with noble moral character and superior wisdom are regarded as "saints", Confucius as a saint, Mencius as an Asian saint and Du Fu as a poet. Later, "Saint" was mostly used for emperors, such as "Lord" and "Sacred Driving". Chinese common sense-special title 1. The appellations of common people: Buyi, Limin, Shu Ren, ordinary people and Mang.

2. Bo (Meng) Zhong: the ranking order of the elders among the brothers. Bo (Meng) is the eldest, Zhong is the second, Uncle is the third and Ji is the fourth.

3. Appellations between different friends: a poor and humble friend: a humble friend. Friendship in Jin Lan: Friendly and close friends like brothers.

A friend in need: a friend in need. Forget the turn of the year: friends of different generations and ages.

Friends of the opposite sex who grew up together. Cloth friend: a friend who associates as a civilian.

A friend in need: a friend formed when encountering hardships. 4, topic age: crying: three or four years old-eight or nine years old.

Overall angle: eight or nine years old-thirteen or fourteen years old. Cardamom: thirteen or fourteen-fifteen or sixteen. )

Weak crown: 20 years old. Standing: 30.

There is no doubt: 40 years old. Know destiny: 50 years old.

Flower: 60 years old. Gu Xi: 70 years old.

Octogenarians: 80 years old, 90 years old. Period: 100 years old.

Chinese Common Sense-Writer's Works 1, Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong 2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, also known as "Liu Han", were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. 3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su).

4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu. Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu.

6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry. 7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius".

8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting." 9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness.

10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650. 1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms.

12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan. 13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty.

"Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing. 14. Four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Meng. The main schools and representatives of a hundred schools of thought contended in the Warring States Period: Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You and Yang. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist".

20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Poliusikin and Abagong. Cultural knowledge: 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo. 2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu.

3. "Four classic masterpieces": Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Journey to the West. 4. "Four Legends": The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and the Legend of the White Snake.

5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang and Mark? Twain, Europe? Henry. 6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang".

7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece of Sanqu, Sha? Qiu Si is called "the father of Qiu Si". 8. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels, which was widely circulated and loved by people after its publication. The study of this book, A Dream of Red Mansions, has now become an important topic in the study of world literature.

9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet". Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes. The field was praised by Wen Yiduo as "the drummer of the times" (drum poem.

2. A complete collection of Chinese knowledge in primary schools

1, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong 2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, also known as "Liu Han", were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.

3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.

Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.

7. Confucius' famous hill, the word Ni, was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."

9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.

1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.

13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.

14. Four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Meng. The main schools and representatives of a hundred schools of thought contended in the Warring States Period: Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You and Yang. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.

2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Second, China literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.

3. What are the common China common sense?

Knowledge points in junior high school or senior high school? Common sense of Chinese (1) 1. The first poetess was Cai Yan (Wen Xi). The first poetess was Li Qingzhao. 3. The first dictionary is Erya. The first encyclopedia is Yongle Dadian. 5. The first collection of poems is The Book of Songs. 6. The first anthology is Selected Works of Zhao Ming. 7. Novel Collection: Search Ji Shen 1 1. The first recorded work: The Analects of Confucius The first biographical history: Historical Records 12. The first chronicle book is: Chunqiu 13. The first dynastic history is: Han Shu 14. The first art book is: The Art of War by Sun Tzu 65438. Adding "Fu Qin Yin" is the three wonders of Yuefu 17. The Double Treasure of History: Historical Records as a Mirror 18. Two beats: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu) 19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu 20. The Gemini of China's Modern Literature: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo. Three biographies: Zuo Zhuan Zhuan 24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Shang Tang and Duke Zhou. Sanshan: Penglai abbot Yingzhou 26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Sangong: Zhou Zhou, Sima Situ, Sikong, Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Tai Wei, Imperial Review/| English explanation: Qingming, a great teacher and a great teacher. Three Cao Cao: the twenty-ninth Cao Cao and Cao Pi. Third Hospital of Public Security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao 30. Jiangnan Sangu Building: Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Hunan 3 1. Three old and cold friends: Song 32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng, Jing 33. Sanyuan Scientific Research: after having obtained the township entrance examination, the senior high school entrance examination, palace examination, and Zi. Top scholar) 34. The court exam is three ding Jia: the top 35. Three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Chinese Painting. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening (Feng Menglong) 37. Three Confucian Classics: Zhou's Book of Rites 38. Sanzang: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan official 39. Three Farewells: Newly married, don't be old, don't be homeless. Pursuing the trilogy of countryside: spring silkworm autumn harvest, winter silkworm winter 42. Ba Jin's Trilogy of Love: Thunderstorm and Torrent Trilogy: Family Spring and Autumn 43. First national history: Mandarin 44. The first part of recording the words and deeds of counselors: national policy and warring States policy 45. The first historical essay devoted to personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu, 46 pages. The first great patriotic poet: (Cao Pi) 49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming 50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Xie's > 5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism: Zhong Rong. 52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work in the form of notes: 53. The first diary travel notes: Xu Hongzu's In the Ming Dynasty; 54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao's Common Sense of Chinese (II) 1. China's first satirical novel: The Scholars II. China's first translation of evolution: Huxley translated by Yan Fu >: He is a man who knows nothing and becomes a translator.

3. China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese created by individuals: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. 4. The first short story in the history of China's new literature is Diary of a Madman. The first writer who opened up the "Fairy Tale Garden" was Ye Shengtao. 6. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West. 7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bonded Labor. 8. The first person in New China won the title of "People's Artist". His works are: Longxugou 9. The two outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period were Confucianism and Mohism 10. The two representatives of Confucianism are: Kong Qiu and Mencius, who are regarded as the most holy and the less holy respectively.

1 1. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there appeared two schools of frontier fortress ci, represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can, and frontier fortress ci represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zi. The former is bold and bold, while the latter is simple and simple. Song ci is usually divided into two schools: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao.

13. Two banners held high by the May 4th New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics, advocating new morality and opposing old literature. Advocating new literature 14. Two copies 15. There are two great epics in world literature: Iliad Odyssey 16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (who knows a lot), Dharma (what Buddha said) and Monk (who inherits or preaches teachings) 17. Four virtues and three obedience: unmarried obedience to the father. The third Geng day in summer is the first day of the first stay, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the intermediate stay, and the first Geng day after the autumn festival is the first day of the last stay.

The first stay is ten days, the last stay is ten days, and the middle stay is ten days and twenty days. 19. Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: three cardinal guides: father as son, minister as husband as wife, and five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith 20. Three aunts and six grandmothers: nuns, goddesses and six grandmothers: matchmakers, grandmothers, goddesses, midwives and midwives 2 1. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Huang San and Fuxi. Wuyue: Dongyue Taishan Nanyue Hengshan Xiyue Huashan Beiyue Hengshan Zhongyue Songshan 24. Three natures: cattle, sheep and pigs are sacrificed (too prison) (less prison without cattle) 25. Three unification: the principle of drama creation formulated by European classical generalized drama theorists is the consistency of place, time and plot.

26. Samoan Buddhism: Stop worrying and focus on one situation. (One of the methods of practice) 27. Buddhist Sanzang: It is always said that the fundamental doctrine is scripture and the precepts are dharma. Explain the doctrine as a theory (Sanzang Master is famous for Sanzang's knowledge) 28. Three provinces and six departments: three provinces: Zhongshu province (decision-making), Xiamen province (deliberation), Shangshu province (execution), six departments: Li Hu's salute and punishment, 29. Su San: Su Xun Su Shi, Su Zhe's three armies: up, down, left, right, sea, land and air 30. Sanwu: Wu Jun, Xing Wu, Huiji (Danyang),-Xichu 33. Three primary colors: red, green and blue. Three-body Stone Scripture: Han Li, an ancient prose biography written in three fonts (3) 1. Four classic works: The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean in Universities II. Four kinds of books: Taiping Yulan, Yuangui and Madam.

4. Chinese Common Sense Chinese Version

Selected classics of senior high school entrance examination (excerpt) 1. In the classic Chinese literature Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a heroic image was created, which is Guan Yu.

There are many legendary stories about this hero in this book. Please write the name of one of them in the simplest language: Jingzhou Careless. 2. China's classic "Water Margin" created a large number of heroic images of peasant uprising with flesh and blood and distinct personality. Please list the relevant figures (not less than 5 people), Song Jiang, the timely rain, Wu Yong, the star of wisdom, Lin Chong, Li Kui jy, the black whirlwind, Yang Zhi, the flower monk Lu and Yi.

3. The plot of the Monkey King's most rebellious spirit in the classic literary masterpiece The Journey to the West is simply a reward from heaven. After living in an uninhabited island for many years, he took an indigenous as a slave and named it "Friday".

After living on the island for 28 years, he was able to return to his motherland by boat because he helped a captain subdue a rebellious sailor. After becoming a rich man, he sent people to the island to continue reclamation. His name is Robinson Crusoe, and this work is Robinson Crusoe.

He grew up in the low valley of life. Later, together with his comrades-in-arms, he struggled against the harsh natural conditions during the period of socialist construction, showing great wisdom and enthusiasm. When he was ill in bed, he overcame difficulties and began to create and continue to work for the party and the people. This famous literary image is Paul, whose work is How Steel was Tempered by ostrovsky.

6. Drunk Jiang Menshen, Heavenly Palace in the Clouds, Bloody Mansion and other plots tell the story of Song Wu, another hero in this masterpiece. 7. The ancient "Three Friends in Cold Year" refers to pine, bamboo and plum.

8. Guo Moruo, a famous writer, once wrote a pair of couplets, saying that "writing ghosts and writing demons is superior, and stabbing greed and abuse." Couplets praise a famous writer in Qing Dynasty for "stabbing greed and abuse" by "writing ghosts and demons". Please write the name of Pu Songling, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty.

One of his works, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. 9. What are the personalities of the three people in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Liu Bei (loyal and kind, courtesy and righteousness corporal), Guan Yu (loyalty to the liver and righteousness), Zhang Fei (brave and rude, hateful).

10, which two characters are heroes in Romance of the Three Kingdoms? What are their inner feelings? Cao Cao: Deliberately testing Liu Bei to see if he can achieve great things and be ambitious. Liu Bei: I was afraid of being seen by Cao Cao, and I tried my best to cover it up, so I panicked.

1 1, which famous book is the plot of Heroes? Who is the plot? How to design two personalities: Zhou Yu; Be smart and witty. Recruiter: Jiang Gan; Smart is better than failure.

12, seven captures Meng Huo is the plot of that classic. Who captured the fierce and why did the seven capture is the plot in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo. * * * is Zhuge Liang's psychological conquest, following Ma Su's advice, in order to achieve long-term stability in the south.

13, what is the plot in the famous book "Clever Giving Series of Tricks"? What two roles are involved? Why did Cao Cao, Pang Tong and Pang Tong ostensibly offer a series of tricks to solve the seasickness problem in Cao Jun? In fact, they are preparing for Zhou Yu's burning warship. 14, in the romance of the Three Kingdoms, who killed six generals under whom? Why did you kill Guan Yu, Cao Cao's six main generals? Because these six men blocked his way to find his eldest brother Liu Bei.

15, who borrowed the arrow from the grass boat? This "borrowing" refers to Zhou Yu's design to frame Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang used foggy days to attack Cao Ying and borrowed 100,000 arrows to complete the task. 16, how to evaluate "Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Show a thirst for virtuous, eager for virtuous, ambitious, informal and broad-minded.

17, in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, who "lost his wife and lost his soldiers" and who "dedicated himself to death" and Zhou Yu; Zhuge Liang. 18, What is your favorite plot in Romance of the Three Kingdoms? Why did Guan Yu go through five hurdles and cut six generals?

This shows Guan Yu's loyalty to Liu Bei. 19, which three people did Liu Bei refer to in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Three English Wars against Lu Bu"; Guan Yu; Zhang Fei

20. There are two passages in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "The Tathagata is like a unicorn, and the West Western jackdaw is like a husband and wife", which are no different from those of Zhou and Han. The person who said this was Xu Shu, and the person who was praised was Zhuge Liang. 2 1, "phoenix eye, lying silkworm eyebrow, face like heavy jujube, dragon crescent moon blade."

"This portrait describes which character in the novel of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms; Guan Yu. 22. Cao Cao said: "I would rather teach me to be negative to the whole world than to teach everyone to be negative to me." "What do you think of his point of view and oppose it? Because this is an extremely selfish self-centered outlook on life; Or agree with the view that if you want to achieve great things, you must give up what you love at the critical moment and not be as good as a woman.

23. In Mutu's poem "Red Cliff", the sentence "The east wind does not follow Zhou Lang, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks Er Qiao" is written about which battle involves which two main characters Battle of Red Cliffs; Cao Cao, Zhou Yu. 24. What are the heroes of the "outwit the birth class" in Water Margin? What are their nicknames? Classical: looking at the sky; Lu Yunlong: Gongsun Sheng; Wu Yong: Zhi Duoxing; Ruan Xiaoer: The venue is too old; Ruan Xiaowu: Short-lived Saburo; Ruan: Living Yamaraja; Liu Tang: Red hair ghost; Bai Sheng: Day is summer.

25. Which book is Snow Mountain Temple? Which two characters are involved in the plot? What's your character like? "Water Margin" Lin Chong: Roll with the punches; Lu Qian: Cunning and treacherous, betraying friends. 26. Who are the two important figures involved in the "Wild Pig Forest" in Water Margin? What are their personalities? Lu: He is bold and unconstrained, and he dares to do anything for his friends. Lin Chong: Be patient and have high martial arts.

27. Lin Chong's character in Water Margin is full of humiliation and humiliation, so he resigned himself to it and turned it into rebellion and revenge. The plot of Shangliang Mountain is Lin's Fengxue Mountain Temple and Lu Fang's burning forage field. 28. "Water Margin" wrote: "On the top of the mountain stands an apricot yellow flag with the words' for heaven' written on it. Behind the red flag embroidered by Zhong Yitang is a book' Shandong Tiger and Leopard Righteousness'.

5. Basic knowledge of Chinese

At present, there are 63 categories and 78 subcategories of Chinese positive rhetoric.

There are metaphors: simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor (also known as compound metaphor), metonymy (also known as inverse metaphor), anti-metaphor, mutual metaphor (also known as metonymy), metaphor (also known as strong metaphor), metaphor, embellishment metaphor and quotation metaphor; There are sketch, analogy (also called contrast), avoiding repetition, changing use, layering, filling (also called contrast), setting off (also called contrast, setting off), inversion, inversion, overlapping, reduplication, truthfulness (also called couplet), contrast, antithesis (also called duality and parallelism), renovation, repetition and parallelism. There are overlapping intricacies, compound deviation, * * use, combination, call, intertextuality, conversion, palindrome, demotion, metonymy, rhetorical questions, ambiguity, parallelism, antithesis, imitation (also divided into imitation, imitation), list, connection and exaggeration. Features of common rhetorical functions. Metaphor: Metaphor consists of three parts: ontological metaphor words (the biggest difference between metaphor and personification is that metaphor has metaphor and personification does not. )

Three types of metaphor: simile, metaphor, metonymy: category characteristics ontology metaphor words vehicle example: simile A appears like B, like, like, like, like, like a little girl appears like a flower. Metaphorically, A is B, which is a thick green landscape, and it is simply a painting of green mountains and green waters.

For example, countless arrows were shot from the ground, and thousands of waterfalls fell on the roof. Ex.: The whole thing is an ethereal blue crystal.

Lao She's Winter in Jinan II. Analogy: imaginative, writing things as adults, or writing people as things, or writing things as things. Function: It can stimulate readers' imagination and make the article more vivid.

Analogy can be divided into personification and personification (1): personification: writing things as adults, endowing things with human actions, behaviors, thoughts, feelings and activities, and describing things with words describing people. Function: write animals, birds, insects, flowers, trees or other inanimate things into adults, so that specific things are personalized and the language is vivid.

For example: 1. Peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees are all in full bloom, and you won't let me and I won't let you. "Spring" Zhu Ziqing 2. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness.

The Hope of Spring Du Fu 3. The sun blushed. "Spring" Zhu Ziqing (2) Quasi-target: ① Compare people with crops, or take this thing as another thing to write an example: 1. The crowd rushed up desperately.

Amid the cheers of the crowd, the bully ran away with his tail between his legs. ② Write things A as things B. ..

Example 1. The volcano erupted. Moonlight, like running water, pours quietly on this leaf and flower.

("Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" Zhu Ziqing) 3. Exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the nature and characteristics of things. Function: prompt the essence of things, contrast the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power, and cause associative effects.

Category characteristics: Magnification exaggerates the shape, nature, characteristics, function and degree of things, and even the bronze medal in front of the store seems to have been shrunk by the sun. Exaggeration narrows the image, nature, characteristics, function and degree of things, just to see a palm-sized world in advance. Exaggerated, the latter appeared first, and the former appeared later. She was drunk before she got drunk. 4. parallelism: arrange three or more sentences with similar structure and length, consistent tone, related meaning or the same.

Function: strengthen the language situation and atmosphere, make the article more rhythmic, more organized and more conducive to expressing strong feelings (expression effect). Example: Their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their mind is so beautiful and broad.

5. Duality: a pair of phrases or sentences with equal words, the same structural form and symmetrical meaning, expressing two opposite or similar meanings. Function: neat and symmetrical, strong sense of rhythm, high generality, easy to remember and beautiful in music.

The main way is 1, right. The dual forms of the upper and lower sentences are similar, similar, complementary and contrasting in meaning.

For example, the reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach. 2. Objection.

The dual form of the opposite or relative meaning of the upper and lower sentences. For example, look at a thousand fingers coldly and bow your head as a willing ox.

3. Series pair (running pair). The meaning of the upper and lower sentences has the dual forms of inheritance, progressiveness, causality, hypothesis and conditionality.

For example, I only drink Yangtze River water and eat Wuchang fish. 6. Repetition: To emphasize a certain meaning and express a certain feeling, deliberately repeat a word or sentence.

1. Repeatedly (no other words in the middle) Example: The valley echoed, he just left, he just left. 2. Repeated intervals (there are other words in the middle) Example: It seems that if three provinces are lost, the party and the country will become more and more like a country. If we lose the three northeastern provinces, no one will ring, but the party and the country will become more and more like a country.

7. Ask questions: In order to attract others' attention, ask questions first and then answer them yourself. Function: attract attention and inspire readers to think; Contribute to clear hierarchy and compact structure; It can better describe the ideological activities of the characters.

Example: Why are flowers so red? First of all, it has its material basis. 8. rhetorical question (challenge, rhetorical question, cross-examination): express definite meaning in the form of question, express negation in the form of affirmation, express affirmation in the form of negation, only ask but not answer, and the answer is implied in rhetorical question.

Function: strengthen tone, make people think, stimulate readers' feelings, deepen readers' impression, and enhance the momentum and persuasiveness of words. As for me, don't I have anything to blame? 9. Quote: Quote ready-made words (idioms, poems, aphorisms, allusions, etc.). ) to improve the effect of language expression can be divided into two types.

Function: make the argument conclusive and sufficient, enhance persuasiveness and inspiration, and the language is refined, implicit and elegant. Explicit quotation (direct quotation) Example: Confucius said: "If you have a threesome, you must have a teacher.

So disciples don't have to be like teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. Examples of dark quotation (indirect quotation)