Kneel for Australian humanistic knowledge. .......

Country name: Commonwealth of Australia.

Capital: Canberra

Area: 7.692 million square kilometers

Population: 2,654.38+560,000 (654.38+560,000 in 2009 10).

Language: English, the indigenous language, the official language of Australia is English.

Currency: Australian dollar

Ethnic composition: 95.2% are descendants of immigrants from Britain and other European countries, 1.3% are Asians, 1.5% are aborigines, and 2% are others.

Religion: 25% people have no religious belief, Anglican 2 1%, Roman Catholic 27%, other Christian 2 1%, and other religious believers 6%.

Head of State: Australia's nominal head of state is the head of the Commonwealth, that is, the King (or Queen) of England, who appoints the Governor-General of Australia as his representative. The current king of England is Elizabeth II.

The attached picture shows the Australian flag, map and national emblem, as well as the Sydney Opera House (with the Sydney Harbour Bridge as the background), which is usually regarded as Australia's landmark.

Human development index: ranked third in the world, index: 0.957.

National symbol

National Flag: The national flag is dark blue, and the British flag pattern is in the upper left corner of the national flag, indicating the traditional relationship between Australia and Britain. Below is a huge white seven-pointed star, symbolizing the six states and the federal government that make up the Commonwealth of Australia. There are five white stars on the right side of the flag land, one of which is pentagonal and the others are heptagons. Five small stars represent the Southern Cross (the constellation that Australia can see most clearly).

National emblem: The national emblem of Australia is kangaroo on the left and emu on the right. These two animals are unique to Australia, with a shield in the middle. There are six groups of patterns on the shield, symbolizing the six states of the country. The red St. George's Cross (with a lion and four stars on it) symbolizes New South Wales; The southern cross under the crown represents Victoria; The blue cross represents Queensland; Shrike stands for South Australia; The black swan symbolizes Western Australia; The red lion symbolizes Tasmania. Above the shield is a seven-pointed star, symbolizing the six states and the federal government that make up the Commonwealth of Australia. The ribbon below has the English word "Australia".

National Day: 65438+1October 26th (1788)

National flower: Acacia (Acacia, Latin name: Acacia)

Many misinformed materials say that the national tree of Australia is eucalyptus and the national bird is Qin bird, which are all incorrect. The Australian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated through its official website that so far (2008), there are no officially recognized national trees, birds or animals in Australia. The Australian government didn't declare acacia as the national flower until August 1988. So far, there are no animals or birds as national symbols.

Historical investigation

The word Australia originally meant "southern continent", and Australia came from the Latin terra australis. As early as 40,000 years ago, aborigines lived and multiplied in this land of Australia, and now the total number of aborigines in Australia is 413,000 (according to the 2006 5438+0 census data). According to relevant historical records, on 1606, the Spanish navigator Luis Vaez de Torres sailed through the strait between Australia and New Guinea (Irian Island); In the same year, the Dutch William? Duyfken, a Jane, set foot in Australia and was the first recorded foreigner to actually land in Australia. 1770, the British navigator Captain james cook discovered the east coast of Australia, named it "New South Wales" and declared this land as British territory.

The British first used Australia as a place to exile prisoners. 1788 65438+1October 18 A fleet of six ships led by captain Philip *** 1530 arrived in Botany Bay, Australia, including 736 prisoners. Eight days later,178865438+1October 26th, they formally established the first British colony in Port Jackson, Australia, which later became the largest city with a growing population in Australia. This name is in memory of the then British Home Secretary Sydney. Now, 65438+ every year1October 26th is Australia's National Day.

1790, the first batch of British freemen moved to Australia, with Sydney as the center and gradually developed inland. By 1803, the colonial area had expanded to today's Tasmania. The early colonies only depended on agriculture to survive, and then used natural conditions to develop animal husbandry. By 18 19, animal husbandry in Australia has made great progress. At that time, Captain McCarthy and his wife * * * bred the earliest Australian snail horn sheep. The total number of sheep in their pasture is 6000. The wool produced by the colonies was not only self-sufficient, but also exported to Britain in exchange for daily necessities for Australia. By 1850, the sheep industry in Australia had developed, and the total number of sheep was180,000. At that time, more than half of the total wool imported by Britain came from Australia. Sydney and Melbourne have replaced Hamburg, Germany, as the most famous wool distribution centers in the world.

In 1950s, gold mines were discovered in New South Wales and Victoria. A large number of gold prospectors from Europe, America and China flocked to China. The population of Australia has soared from 400,000 in 1850 to10,000,000. Since then, many important gold mines have been discovered one after another, and a large number of mineral deposits have been discovered at the same time. These discoveries made Australia rich and developed rapidly.

Federal political system

After the continuous immigration of the British, Australia gradually established six independent colonial areas (now it has become six Australian States, which can be understood as six provinces). After the establishment of colonial areas in New South Wales and Tasmania, 1829, 1836 and 18565438 successively established Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Queensland. Before 1900, the six places used the same currency (pound and penny), but they were all independent, and even issued stamps, just like the six countries. The colonial areas live in harmony and their ties are constantly strengthened, so it is imperative to establish a unified federation.

1900, residents of all six colonies held a referendum of one person, one vote to decide whether to unify the six colonies into a federal country. The result of the vote is that the six places should be unified and a single Australian Federation should be established. 190 1 year 1 month 1 day, six colonies were unified into a federation, and the Australian federation was established, and the first constitution was adopted at the same time. The first six colonies became six states under the union.

1927, the Australian capital moved to Canberra. 193 1 year, the British Parliament passed the Westminster Act, which made Australia independent in domestic and foreign affairs and became an independent country in the Commonwealth.

Australia's nominal head of state is the king (or queen) of England, and the queen appoints the governor as her representative, but the Australian governor does not actually interfere in the operation of the government. The Australian government is a federal system, which consists of six states and two territories (Northern Territory and Capital Territory). Every state has a governor in charge of internal affairs. The Australian government consists of a majority party or a Coalition of political parties in the House of Representatives, with a term of office of three years. The Cabinet is the highest decision-making organ of the government, and now there are thirty ministers. The highest executive leader of this country is the Prime Minister.

There are dozens of political parties in Australia, large and small. The main political parties are the Labour Party and the Liberal Party. The Australian Labor Party was founded in 189 1 and is the largest political party in Australia. It is closely related to trade unions and mainly represents the interests of the working class. Since 1940, it has been in power for 12 times. Kevin Rudd, the current leader, is also the current Australian Prime Minister. The Liberal Party was founded in 1944, and its predecessor was the Australian Unity Party, which was founded in 193 1. Mainly represents the interests of industrial and commercial owners, and has been in power for many times. From 1996 to 2007, the Liberal Party has been in power for eleven and a half years, successfully leading Australia from the economic recession of 1990 to economic prosperity. Other small parties include National Democratic Party, Green Party, Family First Party, Nuclear-Free Australia Party, Progressive Alliance Party and Australian Producers Party.

Geographical climate

Australia is the best in the world geographically: it is the smallest land in the world. Australia is located in the southern hemisphere, ranking sixth in the world, only next to Russian, Canadian, China, USA and Brazil, and equivalent to four fifths of China. It borders the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Indian Ocean in the west, with a coastline of 37,000 kilometers.

The topography of Australia is very distinctive. There are rugged rock areas, vast deserts and lush Pingdingshan mountains in the west and middle, continuous plateaus in the east, and a narrow beach gentle slope near the sea, which gradually turns into a plain to the west. The coastal areas are full of wide beaches and lush vegetation, and there are various landforms here: the cliffs of the Blue Mountains in the west of Sydney, the tall, beautiful and eroded volcanic neck in the Glasgow Mountains in the north of Brisbane, and the flat Yuan Ye on the south coast of Adelaide.

Murray river and Darling River are the two longest rivers in Australia. These two water systems constitute the Murray-Darling Basin, with an area of about 1 10,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to 14% of the total area of the mainland. Lake Aier is a huge salt lake near the center of the mainland, covering an area of over 9,000 square kilometers, but it often dries up for a long time.

Most of Australia's land, about 70% belongs to arid or semi-arid zone, and most of the central part is not suitable for living. Australia has 1 1 great desert, which accounts for about 20% of the whole continental area. Because of the little rainfall, more than one third of the continent is actually covered by desert. Australia is the flattest and driest continent in the world. The central depression and the western plateau are arid deserts, and the land available for animal husbandry and agriculture is only 260,000 square kilometers. Coastal areas, especially the southeast coastal areas, are suitable for living and farming. Here the mountains are rolling, the water is abundant and the land is fertile. Except the south coast, the whole coast forms a "green belt" around the mainland, and it is this "green belt" that gave birth to this country. However, Australia's barren and arid inland areas are rich in mineral resources. Australia's iron ore reserves rank second in the world, and various minerals have brought a lot of wealth to Australia.

The average annual rainfall in Australia is 465 mm, which varies greatly and is unevenly distributed. The driest area is the Aier Lake Basin, and the annual average rainfall is less than 125mm. The wettest places are the northeast tropical region and the southwest of Tasmania. Australia has abundant water resources and fertile land along the coast, and most people live along the coast. The climate in Australia varies greatly. The northern part of the mainland has a humid tropical climate, the central and eastern regions and the western coast have a warm but not too hot climate, while the southern coast of the mainland and Tasmania are cooler. Generally speaking, all parts of Australia are warm in summer and not too cold in winter. In Australia, the highest temperature was recorded in the northeast inland of China, and the temperature in 1889 was as high as 53 degrees Celsius. The coldest place is Charlotte Pass. 1994, the lowest temperature recorded in the snow field near Mount Arcos in Cauchy was minus 23 degrees Celsius.

Australia's climate is milder than that in Europe and America, especially in the north, and similar to that in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. In Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia, the average temperature in 1 month (midsummer) is 29 degrees Celsius during the day and 20 degrees Celsius at night; The average temperature in July (in the middle of winter) is about 22 degrees Celsius and 10 degrees Celsius respectively. The average temperature in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia 1 month is about 26 degrees Celsius in the daytime, 16 degrees Celsius in the evening, and 15 degrees Celsius and 7 degrees Celsius in July respectively.

Located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, it consists of islands and overseas territories such as the Australian mainland and Tasmania. It borders the Coral Sea and tasman sea in the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas in the west, north and south, with a coastline of about 36,700 kilometers. It covers an area of 7.692 million square kilometers, accounting for the vast majority of Oceania. Although surrounded by water, deserts and semi-deserts account for 35% of the country's area. The whole country is divided into three areas: the eastern mountainous area, the central plain and the western plateau. The country is divided into three regions: the eastern mountainous region, the central plain and the western plateau. Kosciusko, the highest mountain in the country, is 2230 meters high, and Melbourne River, the longest river, is 3490 miles long. Lake Eyre in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, with an elevation of12m. On the east coast, there is the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral reef in the world. The north is tropical, and most of it belongs to temperate zone. The annual average temperature in the north is 27℃, and that in the south is 65438 04℃. The inland areas are dry and lack of rain, with annual precipitation less than 200mm, and the eastern mountainous areas are 500- 1200mm.

Local customs and practices

Australians have both hearty westerners and reserved orientals. They have a wide range of interests and like sports, such as surfing, windsurfing, horse racing, fishing, bocce, Australian regular football, rugby and swimming.

The aborigines living in Australia still protect their customs. They hunt for a living, and boomerang is their unique hunting weapon. Many of them still live in shacks made of branches and mud, surrounded by a piece of cloth or kangaroo skin, and like to get tattoos or paint various colors on their bodies. Usually only some yellow and white colors are painted on cheeks, shoulders and chest, and they are painted all over the body on holidays or festivals. Tattoos are mostly thick lines, some like raindrops and some like ripples. For the indigenous people who have passed the rite of passage, tattoos are not only for decoration, but also for attracting the love of the opposite sex. At the carnival dance, people wore colorful decorations and painted colorful patterns, and danced in groups around the bonfire. Dancing and painting are simple, reflecting hunting life and so on.

With the changes of the times, some indigenous people gradually left the tribe and moved to the city to live. Australia has various preferential policies for indigenous people, including providing them with all kinds of necessary assistance in housing, employment and welfare. In tourist areas, the artworks and handicrafts of indigenous people are one of the items collected and purchased by tourists all over the world, and they are the source of income for indigenous people.

Freedom: The Best Summary of Australians

Australia has a particularly strong atmosphere of freedom. People are commensurate with their first names (only first names, not surnames), between bosses and employees, and between teachers and students. In downtown Sydney and Melbourne, it is often seen that white-collar workers or working girls in fashionable suits get together with friends and colleagues at noon on weekdays and sit on the steps in front of buildings to have a simple lunch, such as sandwiches or hot dogs. White-collar workers are also modern metropolises, and the same scene is unimaginable in places like Tokyo or Hong Kong.

Australians are polite and helpful. If you walk on a sparsely populated street, people will say hello even if they don't know each other. If you walk down the street with a bag of fruit in your hand, the bag breaks and the fruit rolls on the ground. People around you will immediately pick it up for you and give it back to you. Someone will also find you a good bag or box, which can be used as an emergency substitute. This is Australia.

transport

Australia's transportation is very convenient, and planes, trains and cars are the main means of transportation for tourism.

Airports: Australia's major international airports are located in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Hobert, Adelaide, Cairns and Darwin.

Aviation: There are flights from Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Macau, Hongkong and Taipei in China to Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney in Australia. Airlines operating these routes include China International Airlines, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Qantas, Cathay Pacific Airlines and China Airlines. After arriving in Australia, you can take domestic flights to major tourist destinations in Australia.

Train: Trains connect major cities. Long-distance trains connecting state capitals are all air-conditioned cars with advanced facilities, and most of them are equipped with sleepers and dining cars. Buying a long-distance train package is not only reasonable in price, but also flexible in use. The main train packages are Austrailpass and Austrail Flexipass.

Automobile: There is a well-developed road network. There are expressways between state capitals, most of which are free.

General situation of economy

Australia is a developed capitalist country. In 2005, the gross domestic product (GDP) ranked 14 in the world and1kloc-0/in the OECD countries. Australia is rich in agriculture, animal husbandry and natural resources, and is known as "a country riding on the back of sheep" and "a country sitting on a mine car". Australia has long earned a lot of income by exporting agricultural products and mineral resources, and is rich in sheep, cattle, wheat and sucrose. It is also an important producer and exporter of mineral resources in the world. Agriculture, animal husbandry and mining are traditional industries in Australia. Australia's high-tech industry has developed rapidly in recent years and its competitiveness in the international market has improved. Since 1970' s, Australia's economy has undergone major structural adjustment, tourism and service industries have developed rapidly, and their proportion in GDP has gradually increased, reaching about 70% at present.

In recent years, the Australian economy has continued to grow. In 2005, the economic growth rate was 3.2%. During the ten years from 65438 to 0997, the average growth rate of GDP was 3.6%. The outstanding problem in the economy is the low national savings rate. Australia experienced economic recession at the beginning of1968+0980s. Due to the influence of international and external environment, the unemployment rate reached as high as 12% in 1992. Thanks to the unremitting efforts of the government and the people, Australia's economy has continued to improve in the past decade, and the government has turned losses into profits. With the government's fiscal surplus, Australia began to decline from 200 1.

The main economic data of Australia are as follows:

Gross domestic product: 773 billion US dollars (2007)

Per capita GDP: US$ 37,300 (2007)

GDP growth rate: 4.3% (2007)

Unemployment rate: 4.2%(2007 10 month)

Currency exchange rate: 1 AUD = 0.66 USD (in 2009, it was 1 month).

Industry Australia's industries are mainly mining, manufacturing and construction. In fiscal year 2004/2005, the mining output value was 34.042 billion Australian dollars, accounting for 4. 1% of GDP. The manufacturing output value is 88.324 billion Australian dollars, accounting for 10.6% of GDP. The output value of the construction industry is 537 1.2 billion Australian dollars, accounting for 6.5% of GDP.

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Australia's agriculture and animal husbandry are very developed, and the production and export of agricultural and animal husbandry products play an important role in the national economy. It is the largest exporter of wool and beef in the world. In 2004/2005, the output value of agriculture and animal husbandry reached A $2,365,438+A $68 million, accounting for 2.8% of GDP. The land for agriculture and animal husbandry is 440 million hectares, accounting for 57% of the country's land area. In 2004, 346,000 people were employed in agriculture and animal husbandry. The main crops are wheat, barley, oilseeds, cotton, sucrose and fruits.

Service industry is the most important and fastest growing sector in Australia's Asian economy. In 2004/2005, the output value of service industry was 595.446 billion Australian dollars, accounting for 65.3% of Australia's GDP, with 6.99 million employees, accounting for 74% of the total employment. The industries with the highest service industry output value are real estate, business services and financial insurance, accounting for 10.3% and 8% of the total service industry output value respectively. During the five years from 1997- 1998 to 2002-2003, the service industry actually increased by 22%, among which the real estate and business service industries grew the fastest, increasing by 3 1% respectively compared with five years ago, with an average annual growth of 6%. Followed by the communication service industry, the actual growth rate was 29%, with an average annual growth rate of 6%. The industry with the slowest growth rate is education, with an actual growth rate of 9%.

Foreign Trade Australia relies heavily on international trade. In fiscal year 2004/2005, Australia's total foreign trade was A $350/kloc-0.50 billion, accounting for about 42% of GDP, with a year-on-year increase of 12.7%. The trade deficit was A $25.5 billion, a year-on-year decrease of1400 million. Among them, the export value was 65.438+062.308 billion Australian dollars, and the import value was 65.438+087.842 billion Australian dollars. Of the total exports, merchandise exports account for about 76%, and service trade exports account for about 24%. Australia has trade relations with 130 countries and regions. In 2004/2005, Australia's main trading partners were Japan, China, the United States, South Korea, New Zealand, Singapore, Britain, Germany, Taiwan Province Province of China and Thailand.

Natural Resources Australia is rich in mineral resources, oil and natural gas, with at least 70 kinds of mineral resources. Among them, proven economic reserves of lead, nickel, silver, tantalum, uranium and zinc rank first in the world. Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite, alumina, diamonds, lead and tantalum, and its output of gold, iron ore, coal, lithium, manganese ore, nickel, silver, uranium and zinc also ranks among the top in the world. At the same time, Australia is the largest exporter of bituminous coal, bauxite, lead, diamonds, zinc and concentrates, the second largest exporter of alumina, iron ore and uranium, and the third largest exporter of aluminum and gold. The proven mineral reserves with economic exploitation value are about 365.438 billion tons of bauxite, 65.438 billion tons of iron ore, 565.438 billion tons of bituminous coal, 465.438 billion tons of lignite, 65.438 billion tons of lead and 9 million tons of nickel. Australia has 240 billion liters of crude oil, 6543.8+0.36 billion cubic meters of natural gas and 6543.8+0.74 billion liters of liquefied petroleum gas. The forest coverage rate accounts for 20% of the country, the natural forest area is about 65.438+0.55 billion hectares (eucalyptus accounts for two thirds), and the timber forest area is 65.438+0.22 billion hectares. Australia is rich in fishery resources, and the fishery area is larger than the national territory 16%. It is the third largest fishing area in the world, with more than 3,000 kinds of seawater and freshwater fish, more than 3,000 kinds of shellfish and mollusk aquatic products, of which about 600 kinds have been caught commercially. The main aquatic products in Australia are prawns, lobsters, abalone, tuna, scallops, oysters, oysters and so on.

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia. In 2002/2003, the output value of tourism reached A $32 billion, accounting for 4.2% of GDP. In the past 10 years, the number of overseas tourists coming to Australia has generally increased, but it still accounts for only about a quarter of Australia's tourism output value, and domestic tourists are still the dominant tourism industry. In 2003, Australia received 4,745,900 overseas tourists, earning A $654.38+067 billion, accounting for 654.38+065.438+0% of Australia's export revenue. Australia is rich in tourism resources, and famous tourist cities and attractions include Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Great Barrier Reef, Gold Coast and Darwin.

Well-known Australian specialties include opal (Australian specialty gem), sheepskin, cowhide, sheep oil, wine (red wine and white wine), animal toys, aboriginal art works, art paintings and so on. Shops in Australia generally accept major international credit cards.

Technology, culture and education

cultural education

Australia's primary and secondary schools and vocational colleges are managed by the ministries of education of each state or territory, funded by the federal government, and universities are managed by the federal government. All Australian citizens and permanent residents enjoy free primary and secondary education. Australia attaches great importance to education, with 42 universities and more than 230 technical colleges. These universities and colleges are almost all public schools (only two private universities), and the education systems in each state are slightly different, but they are all controlled and managed by the federal government, so they can maintain an average and high-quality education. The diplomas of various schools are recognized by all States, and the academic qualifications of Australia are widely recognized by all countries in the world.

Education in Australia is world-class. This country, whose predecessors' eloquence exceeded 20 million in recent years, has won six Nobel Prizes. All school education in Australia is designed according to individual needs, abilities and interests, so that every student can develop his potential in all aspects and can be applied to all walks of life.

Australia's education system can be divided into five parts, namely: (1) primary school and secondary school; (2) Vocational Training System (TAFE) composed of technical and continuing education colleges; (3) ELICOS, which provides English courses for overseas students; (4) Private schools offering vocational courses such as business, hotel management and aviation driving; (5) University.

Australia's education system generally inherits the British system, with 6 years of primary school (i.e. 1-6 grades); Secondary school for 6 years (grade 7- 12, regardless of junior high school); College 2-3 years; Three years in college. According to different departments, there are also differences in the length of study, such as: arts, business and science for 3 years, engineering for 4 years, law for 4 or 5 years, and medicine for 6 years. Generally, those who want to enter junior college or above must complete 12 years of education. If Australian students 12 want to continue their studies after graduation, they can have two choices: one is the technical and continuing education college, which focuses on practical courses; Second, academic and theoretical university courses. The application qualification is based on the graduation examination results of 12.

Religion Australia is a country with religious freedom, and many religious beliefs, including Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam and Buddhism, coexist in this country. According to the census of 200 1, there are about 100 religious beliefs in Australia. According to Australia's equal opportunity law, no one will be discriminated against because of whether he has religious beliefs or not. In the past twenty years, the number of people who believe in religion in Australia has gradually decreased. According to the census data of 200 1, about 25% people have no religious belief. Episcopalians account for 265,438+0% of the total population, Roman Catholics account for 27%, other Christian sects account for 265,438+0%, and followers of other religions account for 6%.

Despite the freedom of religious belief, the church has penetrated into every corner of Australian society and exerted great influence. There are countless magnificent church buildings in various towns in Australia. Two thirds of private primary and secondary schools in Australia are run by the Roman Catholic Church. Because wealthy families like to send their children to private primary and secondary schools, Catholic or missionary schools have a considerable influence on the younger generation in Australia.

In daily life, the church not only tries its best to increase its followers through various ways and methods, but also tries its best to help people solve some difficulties. Looking for a house, a job, a lover, complaining, asking for a car to move, singing karaoke, dancing for entertainment, having a barbecue and playing mahjong can all be solved through the church or people you know in the church. To some extent, many functions of Australian churches are similar to those of neighborhood committees, trade unions, women's federations and neighborhoods in China.

For immigrants from China, the church is often one of the ways for them to get to know Australia. Even people without religious beliefs are always welcomed by the church. Churches in China often have kitchens and eating places. During the activity, many volunteers helped to cook, and many people brought home-cooked dishes or hometown specialties from home. After the service and before the bible study, everyone was bustling, eating, drinking and having fun. After eating and drinking enough on Sunday, everyone also organized various entertainment activities. Therefore, walking in the church can also be a part of life.

Multicultural Australia is an immigrant country, and multiculturalism is an inevitable feature of Australian culture. Immigration not only keeps Australia's population growing, but also improves the aging of the population. Immigration and multiculturalism have injected vitality into this country. The Australian government encourages residents of different races or nationalities, including indigenous people, to use their mother tongue as English at home or in public places, and also encourages people of any background and race to preserve their own culture. The Australian federal government and state and territory governments even provide various kinds of assistance and subsidies to reward individuals, groups and organizations that develop multiculturalism.

From the perspective of mainstream culture, Australia belongs to western culture; Its lifestyle is similar to that of Western Europe and North America. Life in Australia is mostly relaxed and friendly, and most immigrants from all over the world like the life full of opportunities here.

Although Australia is often described as a country dominated by rural areas, in fact, it is still dominated by urban culture and cosmopolitan lifestyle, including delicious food from all over the world.

Australians like to drink beer. In their spare time, especially on weekends, many people like to go to bars to drink and chat with friends, enjoy music, or barbecue in the park. Australian cities give people an open feeling, with many open parks and green spaces dotted among them. Most parks in Australia are free, and there are no fences in them. There are paths in and out of the park in all directions. Convenient transportation can also easily bring people into national parks on the outskirts of the city.