What are the customs of Spring Festival in Qinghai?

Qinghai, located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, has a strong regional characteristics of the Chinese New Year custom. The Spring Festival in Qinghai can be roughly divided into three stages, many of which have gradually drifted away from us. It is necessary for us to understand these precious but disappearing folk culture together. Now let's walk into Qinghai and feel how Qinghai people spend the Spring Festival.

The Spring Festival of the Han nationality in Qinghai is generally divided into three stages. The first stage is the preparation stage from the twelfth lunar month to the New Year's Eve. The main activities during this period are cleaning, sewing new clothes, preparing new year's goods and buying all kinds of new year's goods. The second stage is the exact day of the Spring Festival, that is, the first day to the third day of the first month, which generally lasts until the fifth day of the first month. The main activity is "Happy New Year". The third stage, from the sixth day of the first month to the seventeenth day of the first month, is a stage of folk art activities, and the main activities are "singing yangko" and "lighting social fires".

The first stage: winter solstice to lunar new year's eve

Have you ever eaten fried wine? The solstice of more than one month after beginning of winter is the coldest day in Qinghai, but the daylight time is prolonged day by day. Therefore, as the saying goes, the day when beginning of winter returns to the solstice is also called "off-year". In the eastern part of Qinghai, the old farmers' agricultural activities, such as wheat harvest and autumn grinding, are often postponed until the winter solstice, so on this day, in order to celebrate the bumper harvest, we should eat "jiaozi mixed with oil" (cooked with green oil, white flour, water, salt and pepper in a certain proportion).

In cities and towns, in the morning, we eat "fried wine" and "flag" boiled with diced meat, diced tofu, gold needles and fungus (bread is cut into diamond patterns in advance and baked, and then broken into flag flowers according to the patterns). In the evening, eat "sitting in water" dishes (shredded meat and fried with vermicelli). After the solstice of winter, people begin to prepare for the Spring Festival. As a nursery rhyme says, "The deaf (sheep) will be slaughtered on the solstice of winter, and the blind children (pigs) will be slaughtered on Laba." It means to prepare for the Spring Festival. With the change of time, the custom of eating "fried wine" has gradually left us.

The prediction of "Lababing" is based on the calendar year of Jingchu: December 8 of the lunar calendar is the twelfth lunar month. On this day, torreya grandis and fruits are taken as Buddha to cook porridge, which is called "Laba porridge". Xining and Qinghai rural areas eat wheat kernel rice on this day. First, grind off the skin of the new wheat in that year, or chisel the ice into mortar and peel it in spring. This is for the sake of wheat grains. Then the night before, the wheat was cooked with beef, mutton and pork, and green salt, ginger skin, pepper, tsaoko and fennel were added. After a night of slow fire, the meat, wheat and seasoning are milky white. When the pot is boiled in the morning, the food is delicious and nutritious.

In some rural areas, Laba ice is eaten on Laba Festival. Children go to the river to carry some clean ice cubes, take them home to let their families and livestock eat some ice, and pray for a bumper harvest and prosperity of the six livestock in the coming year. After the prayer, put the ice on the grave in the field and observe the bubbles in the ice. Many round bubbles come out, indicating that beans will have a bumper harvest in the new year, and many long bubbles come out, indicating that wheat will have a bumper harvest in the next year. This game-like prophecy is long gone now!

The mysterious sacrificial stove now seems mysterious. Boiled sugar (white, yellow and black) and cooking rolls (sprinkled with safflower and fragrant beans) are mainly used in cooking stoves. At night, all the men in the family are priests, and women can't burn stoves. There is a folk saying that "men don't Yue Bai, women don't cook". The purpose of offering sacrifices to the stove is to let the kitchen god "speak well in heaven and return to the palace for good luck." The delivery of stoves is mostly held at dusk.

The family went to the kitchen first, set the table, and offered incense and caramel to the kitchen god in the shrine on the kitchen wall. Then put paper horses and forage for the animals. Sacrificing caramel to Kitchen God is to make his old man's mouth sweet. In some places, sugar is painted around the mouth of the kitchen god, indicating that the kitchen god has stuffed sugar in his mouth and told him not to speak ill. Nowadays, with the improvement of people's living standards, almost every household has used electric stoves or induction cookers, so the custom of offering sacrifices to stoves has long been forgotten.

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