Astronomical knowledge of junior high school students

1. What knowledge do middle school students need to learn to participate in the astronomy competition?

This paper mainly investigates the understanding and application of basic astronomical knowledge and concepts, including some astronomical news and astronomical observations. The reference scope of the main problems is as follows:

Juvenile group: basic knowledge of astronomy and major astronomical news at home and abroad in the past two years; Astronomy-related contents involved in geography, physics or science textbooks for primary and junior high schools; Identification of common constellations in the northern hemisphere; The basic concept of celestial sphere; Basic concepts and simple applications of celestial diurnal motion and solar annual motion; General concept of celestial bodies in solar system; Moon phase and related contents; Simple concept of solar eclipse; The basic concept of meteor; The concept of quantity; The size and distance scale of celestial bodies, the definition and conversion of distance units commonly used in astronomy; Basic concepts and simple use of optical astronomical telescope.

Senior group: in addition to the reference range required by the junior group, the following contents are added: astronomy-related contents involved in middle school geography, physics or science textbooks; Basic concepts and simple applications of celestial sphere and celestial coordinate system; Time and calendar; Motion laws and simple physical properties of celestial bodies in the solar system; Principle and observation of solar eclipse; Application of the concept of quantity; The concept and simple application of Herotto; Determination of celestial distance; Principle of astronomical telescope; Starry sky in four seasons; Deep space celestial observation; Meteor principle and observation, artificial celestial body principle and observation.

2. What knowledge do middle school students need to learn to participate in the astronomy competition?

This paper mainly investigates the understanding and application of basic astronomical knowledge and concepts, including some astronomical news and astronomical observations.

The reference scope of the main test questions is as follows: primary group: basic knowledge of astronomy and major astronomical news at home and abroad in recent two years; Astronomy-related contents involved in geography, physics or science textbooks for primary and junior high schools; Identification of common constellations in the northern hemisphere; The basic concept of celestial sphere; Basic concepts and simple applications of celestial diurnal motion and solar annual motion; General concept of celestial bodies in solar system; Moon phase and related contents; Simple concept of solar eclipse; The basic concept of meteor; The concept of quantity; The size and distance scale of celestial bodies, the definition and conversion of distance units commonly used in astronomy; Basic concepts and simple use of optical astronomical telescope. Senior group: in addition to the reference range required by the junior group, the following contents are added: astronomy-related contents involved in middle school geography, physics or science textbooks; Basic concepts and simple applications of celestial sphere and celestial coordinate system; Time and calendar; Motion laws and simple physical properties of celestial bodies in the solar system; Principle and observation of solar eclipse; Application of the concept of quantity; The concept and simple application of Herotto; Determination of celestial distance; Principle of astronomical telescope; Starry sky in four seasons; Deep space celestial observation; Meteor principle and observation, artificial celestial body principle and observation.

3. Astronomy (I am a middle school student)

The creation of the universe:

The Big Bang model holds that the primitive universe is an ultra-high temperature and high density "point". About1800 million years ago, this "point" suddenly exploded, and it only took 10-36 seconds. With the supercooling phenomenon of vacuum phase transition, this "point" instantly expanded by dozens of orders of magnitude and became a universe with a scale of one centimeter.

After that, the universe continued to expand and the temperature began to drop from several billion degrees Celsius. At about 55 million degrees Celsius, the energy of the cooling process produces neutrons and protons, which are synthesized into nuclei. These processes only took 3 minutes. About 300,000 years later, when temperature of the universe dropped to 3,000 degrees Celsius, free electrons were captured by the nucleus to form atoms. These atoms will continue to expand outward for the next 30 million years or so. The universe continues to cool. When the temperature of the universe drops above absolute zero 167 degrees, atoms begin to combine to form a thin gas. Since then, due to density fluctuation and gravity, it has begun to evolve into a new celestial body. /kloc-After more than 0/00 billion years, it took on various material forms and became today's universe.

Stars and galaxies have been flying outward since BIGBANG/kloc-0.5 billion years ago. In fact, the expansion is still accelerating. Steinhardt of Princeton University said that the universe has no beginning and no end, and the Big Bang will never stop again and again.

This is the universe.

As a junior high school student who loves astronomy, please write down what I want to do for this ideal.

I study in the astronomy department of Beijing Normal University. At present, only Beijing Normal University, Nanjing University, University of Science and Technology of China and Peking University have opened geophysics majors. If the ranking is similar to astronomy, it should be that the astronomy major of the Chinese University of Science and Technology of Nantucket Normal University is basically in short supply at the stage of vigorously developing astronomy in China. However, it is very important that the undergraduate course in astronomy is basically useless.

We usually choose our major when we are graduate students, and then we start real academic research. Of course, the success rate of astronomy postgraduate entrance examination and postgraduate research is very high.

If you want to have a good development in astronomy, you must be clear about the following points. First of all, you must be good at math and physics. If you hate or can't cope with either of these two courses, you will learn more and more painfully in the future.

There was such a classmate around me who finally had to give up, so he changed his department. Secondly, you must be good at English, which is the basic requirement of every subject.

However, because the domestic astronomical cause has just started, some of the latest and most authoritative astronomical first-line materials are in English, and no one will help you translate them into Chinese. I have to read a lot of English materials after my junior year, and we even translated the English version of the telescope manual, which collapsed.

Finally, four years in college will be harder than other majors. In Beijing Normal University, the most difficult majors are mathematics, biology and astronomy.

People in the department of astronomy often say that we should study physics in the department of physics, mathematics and computers in the department of mathematics. You will find that while many people around you, especially students of liberal arts department, are having fun, you are solving math problems.

And I remember a sentence we summed up after freshman year, learning astronomy and reading gobbledygook, some textbooks are extremely difficult to understand.

5. Astronomical problems of junior high school students

1。 When the universe is still the egg of the universe, there is something incomprehensible outside, that is, we can never find or prove it. From our point of view, to put it bluntly, there is nothing.

2。 Expansion of the universe: In our three-dimensional view, the expansion of an object does have a central point, but the expansion of the universe is not only three-dimensional. It stands to reason that the high dimension of the universe may have 1 1 dimension. I can't understand this dimension either. But I can imagine that a two-dimensional closed surface does not need a center point when expanding, just like the surface of a balloon, it can expand uniformly without a center. Extending to a very high dimension may be similar.

3。 The speed of matter is greater than the speed of light: I have seen this question countless times, and I don't want to say more. The landlord only needs to remember that the expansion of the universe is not the speed of matter, and the expansion of space is beyond the category of relativism.

4。 Black holes meet black holes: if possible, they almost always exist in the form of binary stars, or pass by at too high a speed. And if they collide head-on, they will merge into a black hole with greater mass.

5。 Is there a genius to answer: this seems to have little to do with genius, but the key is the accumulation of knowledge.

6。 Have my own opinions: these are my own opinions.